【語法講解】高中英語強調(diào)句型專題講解

英語強調(diào)句一、強調(diào)句的基本結構及用法強調(diào)句常用來突出說話人要強調(diào)的語言信息，給對方以強烈的印象和感受。譯成漢語時，常加上“正是…”等字眼。其基本結構是：It+be的適當形式+被強調(diào)成分+that（who）+其他成分Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.—Itwashethatboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.（強調(diào)主語he）—Itwasthebookthatheboughtinthisshopyesterday.（強調(diào)賓語thebook）—Itwasinthisshopthatheboughtthebookyesterday.（強調(diào)地點狀語inthisshop）【注意】.在該強調(diào)結構中，It無任何意義但不可以換成this或者that等。Itis（was）…that（who）…為結構詞，假如去掉，剩下部分在語法結構和句子含義上均完整，這一點正是它和定語從句等的本質區(qū)別。.關于that與who：當被強調(diào)部分指人時，可以用who（被強調(diào)部分的人作主語或賓語時）或者whom（被強調(diào)部分的人作賓語時）代替that；當被強調(diào)部分指物時通常用that；當被強調(diào)部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用whoItwasthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedthattheyweretalkingabout.當被強調(diào)部分是代詞時，用who不用that。當強調(diào)時間或地點或原因狀語時，不能用when/where/why代that（尤其是當這些狀語為介詞短語時）。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.until B.that C.when D.soItwasinQingdaoIsawtheseaforthefirsttime.A.what B.that C.when D.whichItwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that如果被強調(diào)的成分有同位語，同位語也應提前。Itwasfromhim,hischemistryteacher,thatPaullearnedtowatchcarefullyinclass.3.關于be的適當形式：在強調(diào)結構中，無論被強調(diào)的是人還是物，單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，be動詞一律用單數(shù)is/was形式。①如果原句的謂語動詞時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在范疇（一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成/現(xiàn)在完成進行時、一般將來時、將來進行時、將來完成時等），就用is。Itistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it②如果原句的謂語動詞時態(tài)是過去范疇（一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等），就用was。例如：Itwasbetween1989and1999greatchangestookplaceinourhometown.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.because③也可以根據(jù)需要用Itmay/might/mustbe…that/who…；ItmusthaveWherethereisawill,thereisaway.been…that/who…如ItmightbeSallythatyouarethinkingof.Itmightbeinthemorningthathebrokeintothehouse.Itmightbehisfatherthatyouarelookingfor.ItmustbeJohnthat/whowilltakepartinthecontestonbehalfourclass.Itmusthavebeenhertwinsisterthatyousaw.ItPeterwhohasletthissecretoutbecauseIonlytoldhimthenews.A.canbeB.shouldbeC.mightbeD.mustbeItmusthavebeenhisbrotherthatyoumet.4.關于被強調(diào)成分。在強調(diào)句型中，能夠被強調(diào)的句子成分通常為主語或賓語（名詞、代詞）、狀語（介詞短語、時間或地點狀語從句或者because引導原因狀語從句）等，但不能強調(diào)謂語動詞、表語或補語（形容詞或名詞充當）、although引導的讓步狀語從句、for、since,as引導的原因狀語從句、if條件狀語等。如：強調(diào)主語、賓語。例1.Itisthesepoisonousproductscancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.（NMET03）A.whoB.thatC.howD.what例2.Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguagesattractedtheaudience,sinterest.（上海2000春）A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhich強調(diào)主語從句howtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguageso例3.Itwastheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.（NMET2000）A.oneB.thatC.whatD.itWherethereisawill,thereisaway.強調(diào)狀語Itwasatthegateofourschoolthatwegavethevisitorsawarmwelcome.（強調(diào)地點狀語）Itwaswithgreatjoythathereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwouldsoonreturnhome.（強調(diào)程度狀語）ItisbybusthatMaryusuallygoestoschool.（強調(diào)方式狀語）ItwasthreeyearsagothatIcametothisschool.（強調(diào)時間狀語）Itiswhenhegotbackthatheknewwhathadhappened.（強調(diào)時間狀語）Itwasbecausehelovedmymoneythathemarriedme.（強調(diào)原因狀語）注意：a.強調(diào)時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，要用that,不能用when,where,why或how。如：Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.（NMET'97）A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.whenItwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.（2003上海春季）A.soB.sothatC.whyD.thatItwaswheretherehadbeenatheatretheybuiltanewmodernschool.A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.sob.使用強調(diào)句型對狀語進行強調(diào)時，有必要將其與下列句型區(qū)分開來。比較下面的句子：Itwasintheeveningthatthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.（強調(diào)句型）Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Itwaseveningwhenthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.（when引導時間狀語從句，it表示時間）Itwasat3o'clockthattheycameback.(強調(diào)句型)Itwas3o'clockwhentheycameback.(when引導時間狀語從句，it表示時間）Itisforthreehoursthattheyhavebeenback.(強調(diào)句型)Itwasthreehoursbeforetheycameback.(before引導時間狀語從句，it表示時間）Itisthreehourssincetheycameback.(since引導時間狀語從句，it表示時間）再如：Itwasrainingwhentheycameback.ItistruethatheoncewenttoCanada.ItisasurprisethatMaryshouldhavewonthefirstprize.c.強調(diào)部分為介詞短語：強調(diào)部分為介詞短語時，①應特別注意能引起誤解的干擾選項。②表示時間或地點時，應注意與定語從句的區(qū)別。ItwasthroughJackMarygottoknowBob.A.whoB.whomC.howD.thatItwascgreatcarethattheydidthejob.A.forB.aboutC.withD.inItwasonOctober1st1949newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.thatWasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhich C.inwhereD.whichWherethereisawill,thereisaway.d.特別提示：對“not...until...”結構的強調(diào)，要用“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”這一固定句型。由于否定已經(jīng)前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同時要注意不能使用倒裝語序.Itwasbackhomeaftertheexperiment.（湖北04）notuntilmidnightdidhegountilmidnightthathedidn,tgonotuntilmidnightthathewentuntilmidnightwhenhedidn,tgo.關于主謂一致：在強調(diào)句型中，被強調(diào)部分是原句型的主語時，其形式必須與謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Itisyourfatherthatiswrongthistime.ItisheandhisparentsthathavecometoChina..人稱對照：在強調(diào)句型中，如強調(diào)主語或賓語且其為人稱代詞時應注意其形式仍用主格或賓格形式。Itistheywhowillattendthemedicalconference.ItwasherthatIsawinthestreetjustnow.【誤】ItisIwho/thatisgoingtobesenttheretohelpthem.【正】ItisIwho/thatamgoingtobesenttheretohelpthem.【誤】Itwasherthattoldmeaboutit.【正】Itwasshethattoldmeaboutit.【誤】ItisIwhotheteacherhaspunished.【正】Itismewhomtheteacherhaspunished.二、特殊形式的強調(diào)句結構1.強調(diào)句的否定、疑問句形式以及感嘆句形式。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.強調(diào)句型的否定形式、一般疑問句形式、特殊疑問句形式、感嘆句形式以及反意疑問句形式：①否定形式：ItwasnotinEnglandthatOlympicCompetitionsfirststarted.②一般疑問句形式：Was/Isit+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他成分？Isthegirlinredwhoisyoursister?例1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then例2.---Wasn,titDr.Wangwhospoketoyoujustnow?---.(上海96)A.Ididn,tknowhewasB.Yes,itwasC.No,hewasn,tD.Yes,hedid解析:此句為強調(diào)句的一般疑問句的否定形式。其回答有兩種可能:“Yes,itwas”或“No,itwasn't"，故選B.③特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞+was/Isit+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他成分？Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?Whowasitthattoldyouthenews？WhenwasitthathefirstcametoChina?Wherewasitthatyoumether?Howwasitthathesolvedtheproblem?事實上，強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句就是就陳述句中的被強調(diào)部分進行提問變化而來的。也就是強調(diào)部分為疑問詞。當含有特殊疑問詞的強調(diào)句型用在賓語從句中的時候，句型應改為‘特殊疑問詞+itwas(is)that+陳述句”，即采用陳述句語序。(1)——wherewasittheroadaccidenthappenedyesterday?Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.—Infrontofthemarket.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.howIreallydon,tknowyoureturnedthebooktome.A.whenitwasthatB.whenwasitC.whenwasitthatD.whenitwas強調(diào)部分為疑問代詞或疑問副詞時，該強調(diào)句句型結構與特殊疑問句句型相同，即：疑問詞+一般疑問句”例1.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess（承認坦白）。youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat解析：此題考查強調(diào)句中強調(diào)疑問詞時語序的排列。What引導賓語從句并且在賓語從句中充當say的賓語。這是一個強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句，被強調(diào)部分是what。故選A例2.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn,tmatterIammakingto（廣東04）AwhoisitBwhoitisCitiswhoDitiswhom解析:.who引導主語從句，并在主語從句中作介詞to的賓語（應用賓格whom,但在通常情況下，也可以用who代替whom）。并且，whoitis（that）Iammakingto（此處省略了that）為強調(diào)句型。這是一個強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句。被強調(diào)部分是who。故選B④感嘆句形式：What/How加上感嘆部分+itwas/is+that+其他成分！Whatawonderfultimeitwasthatwehadattheparty!HowgoodastudentitisthatIhave!⑤反意疑問句形式：強調(diào)句型的反意疑問句，后半部分的附加疑問句部分的主語和謂語以及時態(tài)要與強調(diào)句型本身保持一致。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.ItwasatelevenlastnightthatIknewthegoodnews,wasn,tit?⑥強調(diào)句型的回答也應該使用強調(diào)句式。Wasityouthattoldhimaboutit?---Yes,itwas.2.固定句型：①not...until句型變?yōu)閺娬{(diào)句型時，如要強調(diào)until從句時，要把not放到until前，一起強調(diào)，主句由否定句改為肯定句。其基本形式為Itis(was)notuntil+時間狀語(短語或者從句)…that…。比較：。Hedidn,tcomeuntilsixo'clock.—Itwasnotuntilsixo,clockthathecame.Theydidn'tstartuntiltherainstopped.—Itwasnotuntiltherainstoppedthattheystarted.注意"not...until"句型的變化。比較下列三個句子：Shedidn'trememberherappointmentwiththedoctoruntilshehadarrivedhome.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhomethatsherememberedherappointmentwiththedoctor.Notuntilshehadarrivedhomedidsherememberherappointmentwiththedoctor②Itwasbecause-clause(because?！?名詞)+出&1…Itwasbecauseofhiscarelessness(becausehewascareless)thathelosthisjob.③Itwas+介詞+時間名詞++that…Itwasat7:00a.m.thattheplanetookoff.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

三、強調(diào)句型與定語從句以及與主語從句等的辨析強調(diào)句型極易與定語從句、名詞性從句等相關句型混淆.引導定語從句的引導詞that或者who,在定語從句中充當主語或者賓語，不可以去掉;that或者who引導主語從句時，that無任何含義也不充當任何成分但也不可以省略，who引導主語從句并且在主語從句中充當主語也不可以省略。并且，that或者who引導的主語從句經(jīng)常置于句后，而在主語位置使用形式主語It。而強調(diào)句型中的Itis（was）…that（w為）…結構詞，假如去掉，剩下部分在語法結構和句子含義上均完整。這一點正是區(qū)分強調(diào)句型和定語從句以及主語從句的關鍵所在。a.與定語從句的辨析ItwasinthelabthatwassetupbyMr.Smiththattheyfinishedtheexperiment.（劃線部分為定語從句）ItwashewhocamefromHunanthatwonthefirstprizeinthecontest.（劃線部分為定語從句）b.與名詞性從句的辨析Itistruethatheoncewasateacher.（劃線部分為主語從句）Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what（What引導主語從句）c.與therebe句型的辨析isnopossibilityBobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whetherA-10-本題為therebe句型,而非強調(diào)句型。that引導的為同位語從句，作possibility的同位語。-10-Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

四、錯誤判斷強調(diào)句的兩種情況.將非強調(diào)句判為強調(diào)句。易混句型1：Itbe+段時間+since…咱從……以來”該句型中的be動詞通常為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，since引導的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài)。如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。例.Thatwasreallyasplendid（燦爛的輝煌的）evening.It'syearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.（安徽05）A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since易混句型2：Itbe+點時間+when…"當 的時候，是 "該句型中的when引導的是一個時間狀語從句。Be動詞的時態(tài)沒有明確限制，點時間前不加介詞。例.一DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto,clockhearrivedhome.（福建05）A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until易混句型3：Itbe+段時間+before…“多久之后才……”、"不久……就……”該句型主句中be動詞的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態(tài).主句中的表語多是long,notlong,days,weeks等表示時間段的詞或短語。例.---HowlongdoyouthinkitwillbeChinasendsamanmadespaceshiptothemoon?---Perhapstwoorthreeyears.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before-11-比較：-11-Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Itwasatteno,clockt