第十四屆中英文無(wú)解析

PARTCellBiology(14questions,20A1.(1point).Listthefollowingproteinsintheorderofdecreasing請(qǐng)按照下列蛋白質(zhì)一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)在演化上的保守程度，由大至小排列conservativenessoftheirprimary CatalyticsubunitofaDNApolymerase.DNAHistoneProtamines(storageproteinsofB.FC.D.B.FC.D.E.A2.(1point).WhatisthecommonfeatureofaminoacidsencodedbycodonsХUХ,whereХ–下列何者是由子ХUХ所代表的胺基酸的共同特征，其中X可代表任一isanybase,U–含氮堿基，UАHydrophobicity.B.Positivecharge.C.Negativecharge.DSulfurinthesidechain.E.Nocommonfeature.A3.(1point).Adenaturedpolypeptidechaincontainingaminoacidsofdifferent下圖為一條變性后的多肽鏈，其中各組成胺基酸的化學(xué)特性敘述如下

propertiesisshownontheAABCDFEAminoacidA&E:HavenegativelychargedsideB:WithmanyelectropositiveC&F:HavehydrophobicsideD:WithmanyelectronegativeIfrenatured,themoststableconfigurationoftheabovepolypeptideinthecytoplasmicenvironment FDDAEBAEBF F FCEA4.(1point).Nucleosidephosphatescanbeinterphosphorylatedenzymatically.Whichofthe核苷酸可藉由酵素進(jìn)行內(nèi)部磷酸化反應(yīng)，下列哪些反應(yīng)是不可能發(fā)生followingreactionsisА.ADP+ADP=AMP+В.AMP+GTP=ADP+С.ATP+GDP=ADP+D.ATP+UMP=ADP+E.ADP+AMPATP+adenosine.(A5.(1point).Whichnucleotidespredominateinthegenomeofextremely將嗜高溫菌(Thermusaquaticus,Taq)與大腸桿菌(E.coli)做比較bacteriaThermusaquaticusincomparisonto下列哪些核苷酸在Taq的組中有較高的比例A-C-G-G-T-A6.(2points).Definefromreactionwritten

下列何者是前述維生素輔酶反應(yīng)的衍生物B1(thiamine)維生素B2(riboflavin)B6(pyridoxin)B12(cyancobalamine)維生素Bc(folicacid)BcA7.(1point).Itisknownthatcyanides(CN–)andcarbonmonoxidespecificallyto刪reducedandoxidizedformofcytochromea3(cyta3)(partofcomplexIVoftransportchain),respectively,inmitochondria.WhichofthefollowingstatementsareCyanidesandcarbonmonoxideareequallytoxictoCyanidesarefarmoretoxicformitochondriathancarbon

Carbonmonoxideismoretoxicforanimalssinceitiscapableofother А6.1.(1point).Whichclassdoestheenzymecatalyzingthereactionformation根據(jù)上圖，下列何種酵素負(fù)責(zé)自富馬酸(fumaricacid)轉(zhuǎn)換成琥珀酸succinicacidfromfumaricacidbelongto?的反IsomeraseHydrolase.Synthase.Transferase.А6.2.(1point).Derivativeofwhichvitaminthecoenzymeofthisreaction

containingsubstances,e.g.Carbonmonoxideislesstoxicforanimalssinceitiscapableofothercontainingsubstances,e.g.Cyanidesaremoretoxicforanimalssincetheyareonlycapableofbindingcytochrome1,2,2,3,1,4,OnlyЕ.OnlyA8.(1point).Lactobacillilackelectrontransportchain.However,under乳酸菌缺乏電子傳遞鏈，可是在某些特殊狀況下，有接近50ATPcircumstancesupto50ofATPissynthesizedbymembrane-linkedH+ATPase.是由接在膜H+-ATPase(ATP成酶)所合成的，下列哪些狀況可形成用以驅(qū)動(dòng)WhatarethecircumstancestogenerateaprotongradienttodriveATPformation?ATP子濃度梯度?IftheconcentrationoflacticacidishigherinthecellthanitisintheIftheconcentrationoflacticacidislowerinthecellthanitisintheUniportoflactic單向乳酸Symportoflacticacidwith乳酸與H+方向相AntiportoflacticacidwithА.1,3.B.1,C.1,D.2,Е.2,A9.(3points).ThelactoseoperonofE.coliconsistsofthree大腸桿菌的乳糖組含有三種，分別是lacZencodes-lacZ為生成-半乳糖苷酶lacYencodesgalactosidepermeasewhichcarriesoutlactosetransporttothelacY為生成半乳糖苷滲透酶的，此酶可把乳糖傳入細(xì)胞lacAencodestyogalactoside-lacA為半乳糖苷乙?；D(zhuǎn)移LacoperonisundercontrolofLacI(repressor),whichisinactiveinthepresenceoflactose乳糖組受到LacI(抑制蛋白)的調(diào)控，LacI的活性可被乳糖(誘導(dǎo)物)所抑制，(inducer).Thereisawidediversityofthechemicallactose ogs,forexample:乳糖具有多種化學(xué)似構(gòu)物，例如Orthonitrophenyl--D-galactoside(ONPG)–isasubstratefor-galactosidasebutnotanONPG是-半乳糖苷酶的受質(zhì)，但不具誘導(dǎo)物的功能

inducer.Theproductofthisreactionorthonitrophenolistoxicfora此項(xiàng)反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物為orthonitrophenol，此對(duì)細(xì)胞害Isopropyl--D-thiogalactoside(IPTG)-isaninductorbutnotasubstratefor-IPTG具有誘導(dǎo)物的功能，但不具半乳糖苷酶受質(zhì)的功能Phenyl--D-galactoside(PG)-isasubstratefor-galactosidasebutnotaninducer.PG是-半乳糖苷酶的受質(zhì)，但不具誘導(dǎo)物的功能，其水解后的產(chǎn)物對(duì)細(xì)胞無(wú)害productsofitshydrolysisarenontoxicforaA9.1.(1point).WhichcellswillgrowinthemediumwithPGastheonlysource當(dāng)培養(yǎng)液中只有PG作為碳及能量的來(lái)源carbonand下列哪些細(xì)胞可以А.lacIB.lacZC.lacYD.lacZlacYE.lacIlacZA9.2.(1point).Willthesecellsgrowinthemediumwith前述的細(xì)胞在具有ONPG的培養(yǎng)液中能否存A.B.A9.3.(1point). Galactoseisatoxiccompound forthecellswhichhavegalE–mutation.乳糖對(duì)于具有g(shù)alE–突變的細(xì)胞是的WhichcellswiththismutationwillgrowintheIPTG+PGmedium(thereisarabinoseastheadditionalsourceofcarbonandenergy)?(培養(yǎng)液中有糖作為額外的碳及能量來(lái)源)А.lacIB.lacZC.lacAD.lacI lacAA10.(2point).Aproteinsynthesisassaywascarriedoutinvitro.A一項(xiàng)在試管中進(jìn)行的蛋白質(zhì)合成實(shí)驗(yàn)中，利用一條含有U及CcontainingUandCinproportion1:5(positionsofUandCarerandom)wasusedasa核糖核苷鏈序列當(dāng)作鑄模，其UC比例為1:5(被隨機(jī)分布于不同位置)，templateWhichaminoacidsandinwhatproportionwillbeincorporatedintosynthesizedpolypeptidemolecules?А.1Phe:5Pro:

5–endofthismRNA?(Let’sassumethatstartcodonisnotrequired).tests11則會(huì)產(chǎn)生下列哪一條的多肽?(你可使用所附的遺傳表來(lái)回答第11及12題12youcanusethetableofgeneticА.-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ala–B.-His-Arg-Met-Gly–C.-Val-Ala-Tyr–D.-His-Arg-Tyr-Pro–A11.3.(1point).WhentRNAAlaseparatesfromribosome,whichtRNAwillbindB.1Leu:1Pro:1Ser:C.1Phe:5Ser:5Pro:D.1Phe:25Pro:5Ser:E.5Leu:A11.(3points).ThestrandofDNAmoleculeisolatedfromE.colibacteriahassequence:5–自大腸桿菌分離出一段DNA序列5–GТАGCCТАCCCАТАGG–3GТАGCCТАCCCАТАGG3Let’sassumethatanmRNAistranscribedfrom假設(shè)利用與此序列互補(bǔ)的DNA子當(dāng)作鑄模，correspondingdouble-strandedDNA,thetemplatestrandbeingcomplementarytothestrandisolated.A11.1.(1point).WhatisthesequenceofthismRNA序列為А.3–CАUCGGАUGGGUАUCC–B.5–GUАGCCUАCCCАUАGG–C.5–GGАUАCCCАUCCGАUG–D.5–CАCАGАUАCCCАGАUG–A11.2.(1point).Whichpeptidewillbesynthesizedifitstranslationbeginspreciselyat假如不需要啟動(dòng)子(startcodon)，并自此mRNA的5端開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)譯

當(dāng)tRNAAla自核糖體上脫離后，下列何種tRNA會(huì)接上核А.B.C.D.E.A12.(1point).TranscriptionactivitylocalizationofwhichkindofRNApolymerase下列何種真核細(xì)胞RNA聚合酶的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性位置，可不透過(guò)染色eukaryotecanbeseenbyusinglightmicroscopewithoutanymethodsof直接在光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀RNA-polymeraseRNA-polymeraseRNA-polymerasePrimase.酶(導(dǎo)引酶Impossibletodetermine.А13.(1point).Phalloidin,averytoxiccompoundisolatedfromthemushroomAmanitaphalloides可分離出具有劇毒的蕈毒素phalloides,hasaveryhighaffinityforactinpolymers.Onecanmarkphalloidin他對(duì)于肌動(dòng)蛋白聚合物具有極高的親和力，可把它與一個(gè)熒光分fluorescein)covalentlylinkingittoafluorescentmolecule,likefluorescein,withoutaffectingit’s作共價(jià)性接合，此接合反應(yīng)不會(huì)影響其親affinityIfamicroscopicslidewithmethanol-fixedspermisstainedwithareagent利用接上熒光分子的蕈毒素對(duì)染色(先用甲醇作固定fluorescein-markedphalloidin(excessreagentbeingwashed),whichpartof并沖洗掉多余的試劑，的哪一部份會(huì)在熒光顯微鏡下呈色?spermatozoidswillbeglowingunderafluorescencemicroscope?А.Acrosome.穿孔體(В.Flagellum.С.Head.D.Mitochondria.Е.Wholespermatozoid.整個(gè)A14.(2points).Onthebasisofthefollowingexperimentalfacts,decidewhichthe根據(jù)以下實(shí)驗(yàn)，細(xì)胞程序性(細(xì)胞凋亡)的過(guò)程中models(A,B,СorD)ofBaxandBcl-2proteins’actioninregulationBaxBcl-2(A,B,СorD)的敘述，何者正celldeath(apoptosis)isExperimentalMicewithinactivatedbcl-2genehadhighrateofapoptosisinvarioustissues,which具有不活化的bcl-2之小白鼠，在各種組織中都有高的細(xì)胞凋亡比例couldbecorrectedbytheabsenceofBaxBaxgeneinasinglegenomecopywasabletopromoteapoptosisintheabsenceof沒(méi)有Bcl-2蛋白質(zhì)時(shí)，Bax會(huì)促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡Bcl-2However,bcl-2genesuppressedapoptosisintheabsenceofBax

activation:代表”促進(jìn) BaxproteininhibitsactionofBcl-2protein,whichblocksapoptosisA，Bcl-2BaxBcl-2。(lookAinthefigure).Bcl-2proteinisaninhibitorofBaxprotein,whichpromotes(lookBinthefigure).Bcl-2andBaxproteinsactindependentlyresultinginsurvivalandC，Bcl-2Baxrespectively(lookCintheBcl-2proteinblocksinhibitoryactionofBaxproteinon(lookDinthefigure).Plantanatomyandphysiology(10questions,12植物解剖及1012A15.(1point).Ifvascularsystemoftheplanttendrilisrepresentedbytheonlyoneclosed若植物的卷須中之維管束系統(tǒng)僅有單一個(gè)并列維管collateralbundle,metamorphosisofwhichorganisthe則卷須是何種的А.Shoot.B.Leaf.C.Stem.D.Root.Е.Impossibletodetermine.A16.(1point).Theschemeofatransversemicroscopicsectionofaspruceneedleleaf下圖所示為一松樅的針葉之橫presented.BywhichnumberistheuppersurfaceoftheleafI哪個(gè)羅馬數(shù)字所代表的區(qū)域是葉子的上IPhloem

B.Theovuleafter胚珠后的結(jié)C.Themegasporebefore大孢子前的衍生細(xì)D.Themegasporeafter大孢子后的衍生細(xì)Е.Themegasporangiumcellsbeforefertilization.A18.(1point).Whichcompoundsarethemainsubstratesforgrowthofxylophilous positionofwood),whichelicitwhite(1)andbrown(2) IandIIandIandIIIandIIandА17.(1point).Endospermofconifersdevelopsfrom:

Xylem

А19.(1point).ComparepHofcytosol(1),chloroplaststroma(2)andinsidethylakoid(3)of比較植物細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞質(zhì)(1)、葉綠體基質(zhì)(2)及葉綠餅內(nèi)部(3)在照光下plantcellsunderthe酸堿值高A20.(1point). Spirogyratrichomeswereplacedinthemedia,inwhichstrictaerobicbacteriaА.Thecentralnucleusintheresultofdouble 培養(yǎng)基中有水綿絲狀體，再放入已經(jīng)在無(wú)氧狀態(tài)下培養(yǎng)一段時(shí)間Photosyntheticcapacityofthe突變型的光合作用能原ItwouldshowPhotosyntheticcapacityofthe突變型的光合作用能原Itwouldshowmuchlowercapacitycomparedtothewildtype.Rubiscointhebundlesheathcelllosesitsoxygenfixationcapacity.Itwouldshowmuchlowercapacitycomparedtothewildtype.Rubiscointhebundlesheathcelllosesitscarbondioxidefixationcapacity.Itwouldshowmuchhighercapacitycomparedtothewildtype.Sincemesophyllcellsphotorespire,photosyntheticcapacityofthemutantwouldnotbeaffectedbythisItwouldshowthesamecapacityasthewildtype.Sincemesophyllcellsphotorespire,photosyntheticcapacityofthemutantwouldnotbeaffectedbythisItwouldshowthesamecapacityasthewildtype.SinceCO2concentrationinthebundlesheathcellsishighenough,bothwildtypeandmutantcorndonot全好氧性的細(xì)菌 然后在水綿絲狀體filamentwaslightenedwithathinbeam,whichpassedthroughtheprismfor照射通過(guò)三棱鏡之不同波長(zhǎng)的光(如下圖aspectrum(seefigure 800,Inwhichpartofthefilamentwillthegreatestconcentrationofbacteriabe在水綿絲狀體上，哪些段有最多細(xì)菌Е.A21.(2points).Theplantsofcornwildtypewascomparedwiththemutantcorn野生型玉米與突變型(其Rubisco”雙磷酸核酮 化酶”不能進(jìn)行氧化反應(yīng))相比較whoseRubiscoisnotabletocatalyzeanoxygenationreaction.WhichofthestatementsiscorrectregardingthephotosyntheticcapacityundersameconditionbetweenthismutantcornandthewildtypewhoseRubiscofunctionisandwhywoulditbecorrect

A22.(2points).Photosynthesisinplantsisdependantontemperature(T)andlightintensity植物的光合作用與溫度(T)及光強(qiáng)度(L)有關(guān)TLlimitingTandnotlimiting(L).ThefollowinggraphsshowtheresultsofmeasurementsofCO2TLnotTnotL以下的圖代表相同物種的三株植物在不同光強(qiáng)度(lightintensity)下threeplantsofthesamespeciesunderdifferentlightintensities.WhichTLnotTLnotthefactors二氧化碳消耗量(CO2consumption)之曲線Tnotlimiting,Llimiting.TLnotlimitinginthetemperatureregionsfrom–5°Cto0°Candfrom+20°CNoneoftheabovecombinationsis+下列何者是兩個(gè)溫度范圍(–5°C~0°C、+20°C~30°C)受到限制的因CO2CO2-

A23.(1point). Followingisaresultoftheexperimentwhichusesguardcellprotoplastsof以下是利用Viciafaba植物之細(xì)胞內(nèi)的原生進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)Viciafaba.Protoplastswereincubatedinthesuspensionmediumwith此原生置于懸浮液中，在適當(dāng)滲透壓下培osmoticpressure.After30minundersaturating fluencerateofredlighttheywere

15

在充足紅光30后irradiatedwithbluelightfor30sec.WhiletheexperimentthepHofthemediumwere再于藍(lán)光30秒 記錄培養(yǎng)基中的酸堿值隨時(shí)間之變化theprotoplastwasculturedwas圖中縱軸上方為堿性、下方為酸(Temperatureregion–5to溫度范圍(–5°C~Temperatureregion+20to溫度范圍(+20°C~+Whatwouldbethemostplausibleconclusionbasedontheabove根據(jù)上圖結(jié)果，下列何者為較適當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)論Bluelightmayhelpguardcellstotakeupprotonsoutsideintothe

Gibberellin

吉貝藍(lán)光可幫助細(xì)胞自細(xì)胞外獲得質(zhì)子，進(jìn)入細(xì)胞Bluelightmayenhanceguardcellstopumpprotonsoutofthe藍(lán)光可促進(jìn)細(xì)胞將質(zhì)子送出細(xì)Bluelightmaybeaveryeffectivelightfortherespirationoftheguard藍(lán)光在細(xì)胞之呼吸作用是非常有效的Bluelightmayactivatealloftheprotoplastsgiveawaytheir藍(lán)光可激發(fā)所有的原生釋出其能Notonlybluelightbutalsootherlightwithdifferentwavelengthsmayhelp藍(lán)光以及其他波長(zhǎng)的光皆有助 細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移質(zhì)cellstotransferА24.(1 IfanoatscoleoptiledeprivedofepidermisisplacedphysiologicalpH5withpH=5,0,relativelyfastlengtheningoccurs.Theaction ofwhichhormonedoesthisexperimentimitate?AnimalAnatomy&Physiology(9questions,11A25.(1point).Inwhatanimalsthevolumeofthelungsisrelativelyconstantduring

A27.(1point).Abranchedaxonisstimulatedatthesite‘1’(seebelow).Thethestepsofventilation?Ininsects.Inbirds.Inmammals.InreptilesА26(1pointHowdoesthepressurechangeduringthebloodpassageviathebloodcirculatorysystemfromtheventricletoatriuminfishes?AAtriumVVentricle.心室P-Pressure.壓力A A

下圖描述的是一個(gè)軸突的分支，自位置‘1’給予一電流剌激，其傳導(dǎo)方向transferredfromsite‘1’to‘2’andthento‘3’and‘4’.Theismeasured向‘2’，然后再到‘3’及‘4’。在這些位置測(cè)量此剌激，下列這些位置所測(cè)得thesesites.Whichcomparisonoftheimpulsefrequencies(I)measuredatthesesitesis神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)頻率(I)大小的比較何者為↓↓↓↓ ↓↓↓↓

I(1)>I(2)>I(3),I(3)=I(4),I(3)+I(4)=I(1)>I(2)>I(3),I(3)= I(3)xI(4)=С.I(1)<I(2)<I(3),I(3)= D.I(1)=I(2)>I(3),I(3)=I(4),I(3)+I(4)=I(1)=I(2)=I(3)=A28.(1point).Drosophilaflieshomozygousfortheshakemutationareextremelysensitiveto果蝿在振動(dòng)的同型合子突變對(duì)乙醚非常敏感，會(huì)引起該痙攣diethyletherwhichcausesconvulsionsinhomozygousindividuals.Convulsions此痙攣是因?yàn)樯窠?jīng)沖動(dòng)的傳導(dǎo)不正常所引起（見(jiàn)下圖），在振動(dòng)突變的中，下causedbyabnormalitiesinnerveimpulseconduction.(seegraphFunctionwhichstructuresisimpairedintheshakeА.NaА.Na+-wildK+-

Thyroxin.Glucagon.

Arrowsindicatethetimeoffoodconsumption.箭頭代表進(jìn)食的時(shí)Ca2+- K+/Na-ATPase.K+/Na+-ATPН+-pumpA29.(1point).Dailychangesintheconcentrationofwhichhormonearerepresentedon下圖可代表何種在一天中的濃度變化thefollowing

A30.(1point).Thyreoiditisisanautoimmunedisease,whichiscausedbyhyperfunctionof甲狀腺炎是一種自體免疫疾病，是由甲狀腺亢進(jìn)所引起thyroidgland.TSH(thyroidstimulationhormone)concentrationisbelownormalinthe血液中的TSH（促甲狀腺素）濃度比正常人低，當(dāng)抗體結(jié)合在上時(shí)會(huì)抑bloodinthisdisease.Antibodybindingtohormonemayblockoractivatethem.ThecauseofthisdiseaseisthebindingofautoimmuneantibodiesThyroxinTSHTSHE.ThyreoliberinA31.(3points).Therearetworecessivemutationsob–anddb–inmice.Thesemutationscause老鼠有ob–及db–兩種隱性突變，此二突變可導(dǎo)致相同的外表型：肥胖、thesamephenotype:obesity,adiposetissuehypertrophyandpredispositionto脂肪組織肥厚以及出現(xiàn)與肥胖相關(guān)疾病的因子（高血壓、生理性…等relateddiseases(hypertension,physiologicaldiabetesinsipidusandso此二突變無(wú)聯(lián)鎖現(xiàn)象mutationsarenotlinked.Threeexperimentsofparabiosis(surgicallyjoiningcirculationsystemsoftwomicewithdifferentgenotypes)werecarriedouttodefineroles可用來(lái)界定這二產(chǎn)物在體重調(diào)控上所扮演的角色oftheproductsofthesegenesinweightTwoweeksaftertheparabiosistheweightofeachmousewasdetermined(seeob– db–/ ob– db–/ ob– db–/體LossofLossofLossofA31.1.(1point).Definetheproductoftheob下列何者是ob的產(chǎn)物А.Peptidehormonefavouringtoobesity.Peptidehormonefavouringtolossof偏向使體重減輕的多肽類(lèi)Hormonereceptorfavouringto

偏向產(chǎn)生肥胖 受Hormonereceptorfavouringtolossof偏向體重減輕的受NonpeptydehormonefavouringtoA31.2.(1point).Definetheproductthedb下列何者是db的產(chǎn)物А.Peptidehormonefavouringtoobesity.偏向產(chǎn)生肥胖的多肽類(lèi)PeptidehormonefavouringtolossofHormonereceptorfavouringto偏向產(chǎn)生肥胖的受Hormonereceptorfavouringtolossof偏向體重減輕的受NonpeptydehormonefavouringtoA31.3.(1point).WhatsegregationbyphenotypewillbeseeninF2afterinterbreedingof2將帶有ob–/ob––及db–/db–型的交配后，其F的外2individualswiththegenotypesob–/ob–anddb–/dbА.9A32.(1point).Iffourgoldenrodsareimplantedintoatibia-boneofanewbornrat(asit將四個(gè)小金棒植入新生鼠的脛骨中（如下圖），shownonafigure),distancesbetweenwhichrodswillbealteredwithparticularB.OnlyhumoralimmunityisafunctionofC.Humoralimmunitycannotfunctionindependently;itisalwaysactivatedcellularmediatedA.1andB.2andC.3andD.3andA33.(1point).QuickmovementoftheindividualsofgenusDryocopus(wood-pecker)ontree

D.Humoralimmunityactsagainstfree-floating,whereascellularimmunityworksagainstpathogensthathaveenteredbodycells.E.Onlyhumoralimmunitydisplaysimmunological只有體液性免疫能表現(xiàn)免疫的性刪trunksisenabledthankstothefactAllitsleg aredirectedTwoitslegfingersaredirectedforwardandtwolegfingersaredirectedtotheback.Threeitslegfingeraredirectedforwardandonelegfingerisdirectedtotheback.Oneitslegfingerisdirectedforwardandthreelegfingersaredirectedtotheback.A34.(1point).ThemajordifferencebetweenhumoralimmunityandcellularmediatedisHumoralimmunityisnon-specific,whereascellularmediatedimmunityisspecificfor Ethology(2questions,2動(dòng)物行為學(xué)（2А35(1pointInwhatcasesocalledconditioningPavlovianwillbeoptimal:下列何種情況用來(lái)稱呼條件反應(yīng)（巴夫式）最為適當(dāng)？А.IfunconditionalstimulusisdeliveredbeforeconditionalunconditionalstimulusisstrongerthanconditionalВ.IfunconditionalstimulusisdeliveredbeforeconditionalunconditionalstimulusweakerthanconditionalС.IfconditionalstimulusisdeliveredbeforeunconditionalconditionalstimulusisstrongerthanunconditionalIfconditionalstimulusisdeliveredbeforeunconditionalstimulusconditionalstimulusweakerthanunconditionalA36.(1point).Thecuckoo(Cuculuscanorus)anditshostsisawellstudiedsystem

下列敘述何者正確，請(qǐng)用Ａ－Ｅ表ThehostsarelayingtheireggsintheThecuckooeatant杜鵑螞蟻Thehostisaggressivetowardsa其托卵對(duì)象會(huì)杜Thecockoo′seggsarenotmimetictothehost′seggs.Thecuckooisaggressivetowardsa杜鵑會(huì)其托卵對(duì)Thecuckootriestoavoidbeingseeninthehost3and4and2and1and4and杜鵑（Cuculuscanorus）和其托卵對(duì)象的共同演化系統(tǒng)已被持續(xù)地coevolutionasalongneverendingprocessAcuckoopopulationisparasitising,廣為研究。杜鵑族群的托卵行為就如下蛋于小燕雀（Passeriformes）的巢中l(wèi)ayingitseggsinthenestofsmallpasserines(Passeriformes).ThecuckooanditshostshaveadopteddifferentbehavioursthatresultfromthecoevolutionbetweenWhichofthefollowingstatements(A–E)areGenetics(8questions,9體male隱子 А37.(1point).Inbirds,forinstancechickens,sexisdeterminedbyacombinationofsexInYＹFemalewithdomitantphenotypeiscrossedwithamale顯性♀ 異型合子chromosomesZandW.AtanearlyageitisdifficulttodeterminetheirHowever,牠們的，但是在現(xiàn)今，就商業(yè)上而言，能區(qū)分牠們的是十分重要的iscommerciallyveryimportanttodistinguishmalesandfemalesatthis使用標(biāo)示（geneticmarker），我們可以用「標(biāo)示」（markergeneticmarker,itispossibletoconductsuchcrossesthatsexwillbedeterminedby的表現(xiàn)性狀來(lái)鑒定。請(qǐng)問(wèn)(I)此一標(biāo)示應(yīng)位于哪一條上phenotypicexpressionofamarkergene.Inwhatchromosomemustthemarkergene(I)belocatedandwhichcrossingallowstoseparatethemalesfromfemalesFindright

A38.(1point).abcdegenesarecloselylinkedontheE.colichromosome.Shortabcde聯(lián)鎖在大腸桿菌（E.coli）上，而且非?？拷黽ithinthisregionledtothelossofsomegenes.For這個(gè)區(qū)域的缺失將導(dǎo)致部分的喪失，例如deletion1 bde1－bdedeletion2acgenes2－acdeletion3 abd3－abdWhatisthegeneorderonthegeneticmapoftheE.coli請(qǐng)問(wèn)這些在上的排列順序?yàn)楹?Marker Markergenelocalization(I)標(biāo)示的位置Crossingtype雜交類(lèi)型ＺZ上Femalewithrecessivephenotypeiscrossedwithamalehomozygousfordomitantallele.隱 顯性同型合ＷW上Femalewithrecessivephenotypeiscrossedwithamalehomozygousfordomitant 隱性♀ 顯性同型合子ＺZ上Femalewithdomitantphenotypeiscrossedwithamalehomozygousforrecessive 顯性♀ 隱性同型合子anFemalewithrecessivephenotypeiscrossedwithe,a,c,b,a,b,с,d,c,a,b,d,a,b,c,d,A39.(2points).Accordingtothemodelproposedforfloralorganization,eachwhorl根據(jù)花朵的構(gòu)造模式，每一輪構(gòu)造都是由A、B、C三個(gè)的特殊組合determinedbyuniquecombinationofthreegenes,namely,A,BandC.IthasbeenshownthatgenesAandCmutuallyrepresseachother.ExpressionＡ與 會(huì)互相抑制。野生型花朵 表現(xiàn)類(lèi)型如下圖所示ofthesegenesinthewildtypeflowersisshowngene geneS:sepalformationCBP:petalformationSt:stamenformation形成C:carpelformationCB A39.1.(1point).ThemorphologyofflowerthatlacksthefunctionalgeneAwillbe: A39.2.(1point).ThewhorlsofaflowerthatlacksthefunctionalgeneCwill缺乏「有作用C」的花，其形態(tài)應(yīng)為如何34 34 B. A40.(2points).Colouroftheplant isdeterminedbyasinglelocatedinthecentromereregion.ExpressionofthisgenetakesplaceonlyinthecellsofExperiment1.Inbredplantlinewithcolouredendosperm(CE)waspollinatedbythepollenofinbredplantlinewithcolourlessendosperm (CLE).F1seedswerecolouredExperiment2.AfterpollinationofF1plantswithpollenofCLElineallF2seedswerewithcolouredendospermas

Experiment3.AfterpollinationofF2plantswithpollenofCLEline50%ofplantgaveseedswerewithcolouredand50%withcolourlessA40.1.(1points).Accordingtotheresultsofthreeexperiments,determine(刪除typeofembryosackistypicalforthisplantА41.А41.(1point).InhumansPKU(phenylketonuria)isadiseasecausedbyan人類(lèi)苯酮尿癥（PKU）是因下述反應(yīng)中，催化步驟A的酵素異常inefficiencyatstepAinthefollowingsimplifiedreactionsequenceandAKU(alkaptonuria)isduetoanenzymeinefficiencyinoneofthestepsasstepСО2+ABAwithPKUmarrieswithAKU.Whataretheexpectedtheirchildren?Note:bothdiseases(PKUandAKU)arenotsexlinked.BothА.A40.2.(1point).Whatratioofseedswithcolouredandcolourlessendospermwouldbe(刪除observedinexperiment2,ifthegeneofcolourationofendospermwerein>50cMdistancefromА.Allwithcoloured

areAllwillbeAllchildrenwillbeAhalfoftheirchildrenwillhavePKU,butanotherhalfwillbeAhalfoftheirchildrenwillhaveAKU,butanotherhalfwillbeA42.(1point).ThefigureshowstheresultsofelectrophoresisofPCR-amplifiedAllwithcolourless

下圖為一家庭成員的DNA經(jīng)PCR(聚合酶)放大并跑電泳后fragmentsobtainedfrommembersofasinglefamily:mother(1),father(2)and9children.Fatherand6children(3,5,7,8,10,11)inthisfamilyhavesymptomsof(3、5、7、8、10及11)有享丁頓舞蹈癥的癥狀。 父親在40歲后首次出現(xiàn)癥狀，Huntingtondisease(HD).Fatherfirstshowedsymptomsofthediseaseafterhewas40小孩出現(xiàn)癥狀的標(biāo)示在下圖相對(duì)應(yīng)的DNA片段下方。請(qǐng)問(wèn)第4、第6及第9號(hào)years,theonsetageofthediseaseinchildrenisshowninthefigurenearcorrespondingDNAfragments.Whatistheprobabilityof4th,6thand9thchildinthisfamilyfallingillwiththe

symptomsand發(fā)病與PCR電泳結(jié)果沒(méi)有相關(guān)rateofmigrationofPCR-amplifiedЕ.Huntingtondiseaseisaninfectiousdiseasethereforemostofthe beА43.(1point).Thelongcoronaoftobaccoisinheritedasarecessive煙草的長(zhǎng)花冠筒是單隱性遺傳，如果在自然族群內(nèi)49%的植物有長(zhǎng)花Ifinanaturalpopulation49%ofplantshavelongcorona,whatistheprobabilitythattheresultoftestcrossingplantswithshotcoronafromthispopulationinF1itwillbe2 uniformity2

82,4513017,7

42А.Child4andchild9arehealthyandwillneverdevelopthewhereaschild6hashighprobabilityofdevelotheВ.ShortPCRfragmentscorrespondtoappearanceofHDatanearlyPCR片段愈短，發(fā)病愈早С.Child4,child6andchild9haveallchancestodevelopHDatolder第4、第6以及第9號(hào)小孩都有可能在較大時(shí)發(fā)Thereisnocorrelationbetweentheageofchildrenwith

А44.(1point).InageneticallybalancedpopulationallelesTandtare51%of探討一遺傳平衡族群內(nèi)的對(duì)偶T與t，51%的是顯性individualsshowthedominantphenotype.Suddenlythelivingconditionsare突然，環(huán)境改變了，使所有隱性在成熟前都，然后，環(huán)境如恢復(fù)正常。causingdeathofallrecessiveindividualsbeforetheyreachmaturity.After則一代之后t的頻率將是多少conditionsreturntonormality.WhatwillbethefrequencyofalleltafterImpossibletodetermine.А45.(1point).Onlandtheprocessofevolutionproceedsfasterthaninthesea,LifestartedintheSelectionpressureishigherintheseasosurvivingismore海里的天擇壓力較大，因此生存較為MorefossilsarefoundindepositionsoftheLivingconditionsintheseaaremoreА46.(1point).ThephenomenonofreductioninorganismcomplexityduringprocessevolutionisBiologicalGeneral(花紋公式＝1234Ecology(花紋公式＝1234生態(tài)學(xué)（八題10A47.(3points).Thesofthelandsnailshowsvariationinbothcolourandpattern.Inordertoconstructa5-figurebandingformula,bandsarefromthetopofthelargestwhorl,asshowninthediagram.‘0’isusedtheabsenceofabandandsquarebracketsindicatethefusionoftwo就用‘0’來(lái)表示，如果二條花紋合成一條就將此二數(shù)字括號(hào)起來(lái) A47.1.(1point).Usingtheappropriateletter,indicatethebandingofsА.B.C.D.A47.2.(1point).Thrushes(whichhavegoodcolourvision)smashthessofsnailsagainststones(anvils)inordertofeedonthesoftinnerIfsnailP,Q,RandSbeganinequalnumbersinahabitatofgrassland,whichwouldbethemostpopularamongA.B.C.D.A47.3.(1point).Asurveyofbrokens scollectedfromthrushanvilsamongstdeadbeechleavesinawoodlandareawascarriedout.Predictwhichofthesetsofresultswasobtained.Markedthecorrect

AnewgroupofplantspeciesachievesdominanceovertimeandouststheTheheightandbiomassofthevegetationusuallyincreasesastheprocessEachgroupofspeciesmodifiesthehabitatmakingitmorefavourableforother1,2,2,3,3,4,1,3,4,1,2,4,Brokenssofeachtype不同蝸牛之破碎PQRS15165165A48.(1point).Whichofthefollowingstatements,referringtotheprocessofsuccession,areNutrientavailabilitygenerallySpeciesdiversitydecreasesastheprocessA49.(1point).Whichmatchingoffactorsinfluencingthegrowthofapopulationiscorrect?

yeartoA51.(1point).InecologicalpyramidsnormallyeveryhighertrophiclevelisexceptionsleadingtoinvertedpyramidsApyramidofnumberswithonebigFactorsdependingonFactorsdependingonpopulation’sdensity.Factorsindependentonthe與族群密度無(wú)關(guān)的因Developmentofterritories,Wind,parasites,Migration,amountofTemperature,crowdingDevelopmentofterritories,Humidity,wind,Crowdingfactor,Wind,qualityoftheParasites,Qualityofthesoil,ApyramidofmasswhenproducershaveaveryshortApyramidofenergyinextremehot

(1point).Atypicalfeatureof

climaxstageofanecological

WhatisOnlyIandIOnlyIIandIIOnlyIandII,IIandNoneof生態(tài)演替的極相（巓峰）TheecosystemisveryTheincreasingofthebiomassisatitsThenumberofplantandanimalspeciesiscontinuallyincreasingThenetproductionoftheecosystemhasremarkablebutregulardifferencesfrom

A52.(1point).Youandyourfamilyarestrandedonaremoteislandwithoneandastockofwheatforcowfeed.Toobtainthehighestamountofenergyandsurviveforthelongestperiodoftime,youFeedthewheattothecow,thendrinktheEatthecow,theneatthe先牛，再吃小Feedthewheattothecow,drinkthemilk,theneatthe用小麥喂牛，喝牛奶，再Drinkthemilk,eatthecowwhenmilkproductionceases,thaneatthewheat.先喝牛奶，至牛不再產(chǎn)奶時(shí)牛，最后吃小麥A53.(1point).IfanareahasatotalofenergyKinthesunlightavailable,thenetenergyproductivityofthefourthtrophiclevelintheareais103105107

AlloftheplantpopulationinthishabitatPopulationBcompetedmoresuccessfullyforfoodthandidpopulationPopulationAproducemoreoffspringthanpopulationB族群Ａ較族群Ｂ產(chǎn)生的后PopulationAconsumedthemembersofpopulationOvertime,bothpopulationswillhavethesameaverage104106A54.(1point).Assumefirstthatthegraphbellowshowsthechangesintwopopulationsofherbivoresinagrassyfield.ApossiblereasonforthesechangesisBANo.ofBA數(shù)Time時(shí)Biosystematics(6questions,6生物系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)學(xué)（六題，共6分A55.(1point).ToassignascidiatosubphylumUrochordataseuTunicataitisnecessarytoknowthefeaturesofthelarvalstageofascidia.ChooseTheypresentnotochorduminthelarvalTheyarehighlyTheypresentahollowdorsalneuraltube,whichinthemetamorphosisisreduced它們有一中空的背部神經(jīng)管，在時(shí)會(huì)縮成神經(jīng)aTheypresentapropulsivetail,pharynxandbranchialIandI,IIIand

下列哪一項(xiàng)敘述可作為環(huán)節(jié)動(dòng)物門(mén)和軟件動(dòng)物門(mén)具有密切演化關(guān)系的evolutionaryrelationshipbetweenPhylumAnnelidaandPhylumBothofthemhavebodieswithbilateralTheirdigestivesystemshavesimilarTheirbodiesconsistofsimilarBothofthemhaveclosedcirculatoryManymolluscsandmarineannelidshaveatrochophorelarvaintheirlifecycle.A58.(1point).Zoologistsplacechordatesandechinodermsononemajorbranchoftheanimalphylogenetictree,andmollusks,annelids,andarthropodsonanotherIandA56.(1point).ChooserightcharacteristicsofCnidariafromthoselistedOceanicorfreshwater,alwaysOnlyoceanic,mainlyOceanicorfreshwater,filterOnlyoceanic,alwaysfilterOnlyfreshwater,predatorsorА57.(1point).Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeevidencetoprovethe

branch.WhichofthefollowingisabasisforthisWhethertheanimalshaveWhattypeofsymmetrytheyWhethertheanimalshaveabodyHowthebodyisWhethertheanimalsareA59.(1point).Phylogeneticconnectionsbetweenthreeextant(a,b,c)andtwoextinct(d,e)三種現(xiàn)存（a、b、c）和兩種已減絕（d、e）的分類(lèi)群之演化樹(shù)如下所示。taxonomicgroupsareshownbelowinthecladogram.Whatkindoftheirassociationinto依照系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)學(xué)的原則，在下列用小點(diǎn)框出的分類(lèi)群中何者最為正確ataxonofthehighest