英語(yǔ)必修5 知識(shí)講解：話(huà)題語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用-科學(xué)家與科學(xué)工作

話(huà)題語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用——科學(xué)家與科學(xué)工作語(yǔ)言積累交際用語(yǔ)Ⅰ.討論有關(guān)科學(xué)工作Whatkindofscientificjobdoyouwanttodo?你想做什么樣的科學(xué)工作？Whatpersonalitywillbeneeded?需要什么樣的個(gè)性？Whatworkexperiencewouldbeuseful?需要什么樣工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)?？Whyareyousointerestedinthisjob?你為什么對(duì)這個(gè)工作這么感興趣呢?Howlongwillthetrainingtake?這項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？Whateducationwillyouneed?你們需要什么樣的教育背景呢？Howwillyouprepareforthiscareer?你怎樣為這個(gè)職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備呢？Ⅱ．描述人物HowwillIrecognizeyou?我怎樣認(rèn)出你？Whatwillyouwear?你將穿什么樣的衣服？HowwillIknowyou?我怎樣認(rèn)出你？Whatdoyoulooklike?你長(zhǎng)什么樣？Whatspecialfeaturesdoyouhave?你外貌有什么特殊之處嗎？Youcanrecognizemebecause....你可以認(rèn)出我，因?yàn)?....I’mtall/short,fat/thin,young/oldwith...我高/矮，胖/瘦，年輕/老邁，帶/穿著......Ihavelarge/small,brown/green/blackeyeswith...我有大的/小的，棕色的/綠色/黑色的眼睛，帶著......話(huà)題詞句Ⅰ．描寫(xiě)人的外貌、性格、品質(zhì)的詞匯：brave勇敢的 cautious謹(jǐn)慎的 confident自信的co-operative合作的 creative有創(chuàng)造性的 determined堅(jiān)定的 energetic精力充沛的 enthusiastic滿(mǎn)腔熱情的 expert內(nèi)行的hardworking工作努力的 patient耐心的 pleasant令人愉快的，友善的 polite有禮貌的，客氣的 positive積極的 revolutionary創(chuàng)新的severe嚴(yán)厲的 strict嚴(yán)格的 bestrictwith對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的Ⅱ.有關(guān)科學(xué)研究的短語(yǔ)：scientificresearch科學(xué)研究 setoutanewscientificidea開(kāi)創(chuàng)新科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)findaproblem發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題 makeaquestion設(shè)定疑問(wèn) collectresults收集結(jié)果analyseresults分析結(jié)果 thinkofamethod考慮有關(guān)理論 findsupportingevidence 找到支持的證據(jù)Ⅲ.課文重點(diǎn)句-----試試你會(huì)了嗎？1.是誰(shuí)用豌豆來(lái)演示身體特征是如何由父母?jìng)鹘o子女的？Whousedpeastoshow_____________________________fromparentstotheirchildren?2.誰(shuí)提出了黑洞理論？Who_______________________________?3.約翰·斯諾是倫敦著名的醫(yī)生——他的確太內(nèi)行了，以至于作為維多利亞女皇的私人醫(yī)生照料她。

JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—__________,indeed,____________QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.4.約翰·斯諾想面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，解決問(wèn)題。JohnSnowwanted________________________thisproblem.5.他決心查出原因。He_________________________.6.他沒(méi)有預(yù)見(jiàn)到這一點(diǎn)，所以做了進(jìn)一步的調(diào)查。Hehadnot____________,sohe_____________________.7.似乎罪魁禍?zhǔn)资撬?。Itseemedthat_______________________.8.有一位婦女......特別喜歡那里的水，每天都派人從水泵打水運(yùn)到她家。Awoman,...,likedthewaterfromthepump______________________herhouseeveryday.9.約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布被污染的水帶有病毒。JohnSnow___________________________that_______________carriedthevirus.10.自來(lái)水公司接到指令，不讓人們?cè)俳佑|被污染的水了。Thewatercompanies_______________________________pollutedwateranymore.11.雖然他設(shè)法忽視這些，但是所有的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算都得出同一結(jié)論......Althoughhehad__________them,allhismathematicalcalculations________________...12.他的朋友們很熱情，鼓勵(lì)他發(fā)表他的觀點(diǎn)。Hisfriends_______________and_________________hisideas.參考答案：1.howphysicalcharacteristicsarepassed2.putforwardatheoryaboutblackholes3.soexpert;thatheattended4.tofacethechallengeandsolve5.wasdeterminedtofindoutwhy6.foreseenthis;madefurtherinvestigations7.thewaterwastoblame8.somuchthatshehaditdeliveredto9.wasabletoannouncewithcertainty;pollutedwater10.wereinstructednottoexposepeopleto11.triedtoignore;ledtothesameconclusion12.wereenthusiastic;encouragedhimtopublish寫(xiě)作運(yùn)用勸告信的寫(xiě)法1.寫(xiě)信的目的:勸告信是寫(xiě)信人就相關(guān)事件表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，說(shuō)服別人信服你的觀點(diǎn)，采取行動(dòng)的信件。2.收信人：日常的勸告信可以寫(xiě)給各種收信人，包括企業(yè)、政府官員、父母、學(xué)校的人事部門(mén)等。這些信件既可能是對(duì)提交的法規(guī)表示贊同或反對(duì)，也可能是用新產(chǎn)品替換缺陷產(chǎn)品的要求。3.勸告信的特點(diǎn)：一封好的勸告信應(yīng)該：清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔地說(shuō)明情況；提供詳盡的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)支持你的觀點(diǎn)；要用邏輯清楚的信息來(lái)說(shuō)明觀點(diǎn)；明確說(shuō)明你期望的結(jié)果和執(zhí)行的建議。4.寫(xiě)信準(zhǔn)備：考慮三個(gè)問(wèn)題：1）信是寫(xiě)給誰(shuí)的？2）你想讓他們做什么？3）讓他們同意你的觀點(diǎn)的原因。5.寫(xiě)信1）你要記住的第一件事是你和收信人是同一邊的。也就是說(shuō)你要對(duì)方明白你是為了他的利益考慮，而不是采取敵對(duì)態(tài)度。2）記住你是對(duì)誰(shuí)說(shuō)話(huà)，你對(duì)一個(gè)CEO說(shuō)話(huà)與對(duì)一個(gè)管道工說(shuō)話(huà)的方式是不一樣的。3）要提及雙方都認(rèn)同的事情，讓他們知道做這個(gè)決定是正確的。6.潤(rùn)色和檢查：1）在信末要確定有要求處理的訴求。2）再次檢查你的信中有正確的地址、合適的致意和信尾簽名。如果是正式信件，要有寫(xiě)信人的手寫(xiě)簽名。常用表達(dá)句型1.開(kāi)頭I’mwritingthislettertosharewithyouwhatIthinkaboutthematter.我寫(xiě)信來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)我對(duì)此事的看法。Iamwritingtoexpressmyideaconcerning/forthepurposeof…

我寫(xiě)信想表達(dá)我對(duì)......的想法/為了......Iknowyouhavetroublein...afterreadingyourletter.

讀了你的信，我知道你在......方面有了麻煩。Iamverypleasedtowritethisletterofrecommendationtosupporthisapplication.我很高興寫(xiě)這封推薦信，為他的申請(qǐng)助一臂之力。Iamverydelightedtohavebeenaskedtowritethisletterofrecommendationfor...我非常高興應(yīng).......之邀寫(xiě)這封推薦信。Iamwritingtocomplainabout...我寫(xiě)此信投訴有關(guān)......2.信中Ifeelsomethingshouldbedoneabout...我覺(jué)得應(yīng)該對(duì)......采取措施。Ihadenoughopportunitiestoobservehiminmanyways.我有很多機(jī)會(huì)在各方面觀察他。3.信尾Ifeelthatitwouldbebeneficialif…我感覺(jué)如果......會(huì)是有利的。Iwouldbereadytodiscussthismattertofurtherdetails.我會(huì)很愿意進(jìn)一步討論此事。Iwouldappreciateitgreatlyifyoukindlytakehimintoconsiderationforadmission.

如果你考慮他的入學(xué)申請(qǐng)，我將不勝感激。Iwillbemorethanhappytoseeimprovementsinthisregard.如果看到這一點(diǎn)有所改進(jìn)，我會(huì)很高興的。Pleasegivethismatteryourimmediateattention.亟待您的關(guān)注。Thankyouforyourtimeandkindconsideration.謝謝你在百忙之中抽時(shí)間考慮我的申請(qǐng)/要求。寫(xiě)作范文：Example1Mrs.Hanley:AsaresidentofWoodlawnAcres,youmayhavenoticedthatoursubdivision(分支)signisinneedofseriousrepairs.

Forsometimenowit’sbeenovergrownwithweeds.

I’verecentlydecideditneedssomeattentionorpossiblyanentirelynewdesign.Enclosedisaproposedredevelopmentdesignfortheentrancetooursubdivision.

Theestimatedcostisabout$600whichwouldincludeplantandbuildingmaterials,andgroundpreparations.

I’maskingforasmallcontribution,whetheritistohelpcoverthecostoftheprojectorifit’sonlyanhourspenttoaidintheconstructionprocess.Asalandscapearchitecturestudent,I’velearnedhowimportantitistoestablishamoodandtheoverallsenseofanentrancewhenintroducinganewspace.

Ifeelthepeopleofthiscommunity,togetherwiththisnewdesignwillhelpgivetoourneighborhoodtheonlycomponentitlacks.Thankyouforyourhelp.Sincerely,

PeggyHill

Example2DearMr.O'Neal,Recently,yourmailcarrier,Mr.Johnson,hasbeenunabletodelivermailtoyouraddressbecauseofyourDobermanPinscher.

Mr.Johnsonhasmadeseveralattemptstodeliveryourmailbutwasunsuccessfulbecauseofyourdog,whoapproachedhimandbarkedferociouslyathimeverytimeheenteredtheyard.

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Youcanstopinduringbusinesshourstopickitup.

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Saturday–Sunday--9:00a.m.–4:00p.m.

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Pleasehelpusbydoingoneofthefollowing:Keepyourdoginsideduringnormaldeliverytime.

Chainyourdogupduringnormaldeliverytime.

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Example3Thisisanexcellentexampleofaletterofrecommendation.Thewriterisparticularlygoodatincorporatingspecificexamplestosupporthispraiseofthejobcandidate.DearMr.Shields:JohnSmithhasappliedforentrancetotheLouisianaStateUniversityMBAprogrambeginningfall2004.

IhaveknownJohnpersonallyfor15yearsandprofessionallyfor5.

Duringthisperiod,Ihavewatchedhimmature,developpromisingleadershipskillsandgaininhisbusinessacumen.

IbelieveJohnisapersonofhighcharacterandaveryworthycandidateforbusinessschool.JohnjoinedourbankfiveyearsagoasaJuniorCreditAnalyst.

Sincethen,hehasrisentothepositionofAssistantVicePresidentofCommercialLoans.

Johnhasdoneanexcellentjobofdevelopingorganizationalskillsandhasworkedwithalllevelsofmanagement,includingourCEO.

Oneofhismajorcontributionstoourbankinvolvedourcreditapplicationprocess.

Johnfeltthereweretoomanystepsinapplyingforaloanwithourbank.

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Hisinnovationsavestimeandfrustrationforthecustomerandalsosavesthebankmoney.

Johnhasprovenanabilitytoworkwellwithhispeers.

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Alongwithbeinganactivecorporatecitizen,Johngivesfreelyofhistimetothecommunity.

HeisamemberofseveralcivicgroupsincludingHabitatforHumanity,UnitedWayandYoungLeadershipCouncil(YLC).

JohnmostrecentlychairedthemembershipcommitteeforYLC.

Underhisdirection,newmembershipinYLCincreased15%!Asyoucansee,Ithinkveryhighlyofthisyoungmanandrecommendhimwithoutreservation.

Pleasedonothesitatetocontactmewithanyquestions.Sincerely,FrederickB.Alexius,Jr.VPLoanApproval(225)5555555ext.12■課本寫(xiě)作范文：DearNicolausCopernicus,Ia