高考英語句子成分分析課件

成分及句型一、句子成分（一）什么是？構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主語，謂語，表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語。句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語表示動(dòng)作行為的對象同主語BothofuslikeEnglish.表語與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名,副，介詞短語或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.賓語補(bǔ)足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無！主語句子的主體表示句子說的是什么人或什么事，全句述說的對象。常置于句首。Ilikefootball.Theboyneedsapen.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclassTherichshouldhelpthepoor.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣.主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Iwantaticket.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Hehascaughtabadcold.賓語賓語表示及物動(dòng)詞的對象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么”。Hewonthegame.Tomlosthislifeinthebigfire.Hecanspelltheword.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)指物,一個(gè)指人。指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前Hewroteme

aletter.(他給我寫了一封信)有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語Hewrotealettertome.(他給我寫了一封信)表語在系動(dòng)詞之后,說明主語的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任.MynameisMaryHeisastudentThreetimessevenistwentyoneTheweatherhasturnedcoldThemeetingisofgreatimportance.除了be系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞1)表感官的動(dòng)詞:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞:become,get,grow,turn,go3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞:remain,keep,hold,stay,rest定語修飾名詞或代詞,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任TheblackbikeismineGuilinisabeautifulcityChinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprisedHeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整句修飾動(dòng)詞，通常位于動(dòng)詞后Heworkshard修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，位于被修飾的詞之前；Iamverysorry表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前Weoftenhelphim賓語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么Iconsiderthebooktooexpensive.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder英語句型簡單句并列句復(fù)合句簡單句主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語.主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。Youarestudents.Weareintheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends系動(dòng)詞有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的

become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;TreesaregreenOurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsoldThepotatoeswentbadinthefieldsHerjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主語+不及物的動(dòng)詞YouwillgraduatenextyearThecaraccident

happenedyesterday主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語Ilikemyjobverymuch.HegrewsomevegetablesIhaveadreamIlikebasketball主謂雙賓主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語HegavehissisterthepianoHegavethepianotohissister常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy主謂賓賓補(bǔ)主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)WesawthemdancingYoukeptmewaitingforayearLastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

狀

主謂狀Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系狀表Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.主謂賓Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主謂狀

并列句

簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系Youhelphimandhehelpsyou1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,yet,while等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.Heaskedhisfatherwhyhecouldn’thatchchickenswhilehenscould.Althoughthemattersoundsstrange,yetitisreallytrue.

4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so,for等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Heshookhishead,forhethoughtdifferentlyUnlikewatchingTV,readingisahighlyactiveprocess___itrequiresattentionaswellasmoneyandimagination.untilB.butC.unlessD.forSheisAmerican,____sheknowslittleaboutAmericanhistory.

A.soB.yetC.andD.therefore復(fù)合句主句+連詞+從句；或連詞+從句+主句含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句，含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild練習(xí):簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句判斷下列句子是簡單句,并列句還是復(fù)合句：1.Weoftenstudy