2023年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)全真預(yù)測(cè)試題四及答案解析

之12之12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)全真預(yù)測(cè)試題四及答案解析12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)全真預(yù)測(cè)試題四及答案解析

一、選詞填空題

第1題：Itseemsyoualwaysforget—yourreadingglasseswhenyouarerushingtowork,yourcoatwhenyouaregoingtothecleaners,yourcreditcardwhenyouareshopping...

Suchabsent-mindednessmaybe1toyou;nowBritishandGermanscientistsaredevelopingmemoryglassesthatrecordeverythingthe2sees.

Theglassescanplaybackmemorieslatertohelpthewearerrememberthingstheyhaveforgottensuchaswheretheylefttheirkeys.Andtheglassesalso3theuserto"label"itemssothatinformationcanbeusedlateron.Thewearercouldwalkaroundanofficeorafactoryidentifyingcertain4bypointingatthem.Objectsindicatedarethengivena5labelonascreeninsidetheglassesthattheuserthenfillsin.

Itcouldbeusedin6plantsbymechanicslookingtoidentifymachinepartsorbyelectricianswiringa7device.

Aspokesmanfortheprojectsaid:"Acarmechanicfor8couldfindataglancewhereapartonacertaincarmodelissothatitcanbeidentifiedandrepaired.Forthemotoristthesystemcould9accidentblackspotsordangersontheroad."

Inothercasestheglassescouldbewornbypeoplegoingonaguidedtour,10pointsofinterestorbypeoplelookingatpanoramaswhereallthesitescouldbeidentified.

[A]allow

[B]instance

[C]blank

[D]industrial

[E]frustrating

[F]items

[G]indicating

[H]highlight[I]user

[J]complicated

[K]white

[L]annoying

[M]successful

[N]articles

[O]simple

【參照答案】：略

二、閱讀理解

第2題：WhatmakesAmericansspendnearlyhalftheirfooddollarsonmealsawayfromhome?TheanswerslieinthewayAmericanslivetoday.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthetwentiethcentury,cannedandotherconveniencefoodsfreedthefamilycookfromfull-timedutyatthekitchenrange.

Then,inthe1940s,workinthewartimedefenseplantstookmorewomenoutofthehomethateverbefore,settingthepatternoftheworkingwifeandmother.Unlessfamilymemberspitchinwithfoodpreparation,womenarenotfullyliberatedfromthatchore.

It'seasiertopickupabucketoffriedchickenonthewayhomefromworkortakethefamilyoutforpizzasorburgersthantostartopeningcansorheatingupfrozendinnersafteralong,hardday.Alsonowadays,therisingdivorceratemeansthattherearemoresingleworkingparentswithchildrentofeed.Andmanyyoungadultsandelderlypeople,aswellasunmarriedanddivorcedmaturepeople,livealoneratherthanasapartofafamilyunitanddon'twanttobothercookingforone.Fastfoodisappealingbecauseitisfast,itdoesn'trequireanydressingup,itoffersa"fun"breakinthedailyroutine,andtheoutlayofmoneyseemssmall.Itcanbeeateninthecar-sometimespickedupatadrive-inwindowwithoutevengettingout-orontherun.Evenifitisbroughthometoeat,therewillneverbeanydirtydishestowashbecauseofthehandydisposablewrappings.Children,especially,lovefastfoodbecauseit'sfingerfood,nostrugglingwithknivesandforks,noannoyinginstructionsfromadultsabouttablemanners.

1.Americansenjoyfastfoodmainlybecause________.

[A]itcanbeeateninthecar

[B]itismuchmoretastythanhome-madefood

[C]oneonlyuseshisfingerswhileeatingit

[D]itistime-savingandconvenient

2.Itcanbeinferredthatchildren________.

[A]wanttohavefreedomattable

[B]washdishesaftereachmeal

[C]arenotgoodatusingforksandkniveswhileeating

[D]takeeatingtimeasafunbreak

3.ManyAmericansareeatingoutandnotcookingathomenowadaysbecause________.

[A]theywanttomakeachangeaftereatingthesamefoodforyearsathome

[B]thefoodmadeoutsidehometastesbetterthanfoodcookedathome

[C]manyofthemlivealoneordon'tliketakingtroubletocook

[D]Americanwomenrefusetocookathomeduetowomen'sliberationmovement

4.Accordingtothetext,adrive-inwindowisa________.

[A]carwindowfromwhichyoucanseethedriver

[B]windowintherestaurantfromwhichyougetyourmealinthecar

[C]placewhereyoucheckthemechanicconditionofyourcar

[D]entrancewhereyoureturntheusedplatesaftereating

5.Theexpression"pitchinwith"(Line2,Para.2)probablymeans________.

[A]complain

[B]enjoy

[C]help

[D]deny

1小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：D

2小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

3小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

4小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

5小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

【參照解析】：無

第3題：InfraGardisagrass-rootsefforttorespondtotheneedforcooperationandcollaborationincounteringthethreatofcybercrimeandterrorismtoprivatebusinessesandthegovernment.BytheendofSeptember,therewillbeInfraGardchaptersinall50states,Callowaysaid.WithadvicefromtheFBI,eachlocalchapterwillberunbyaboardofdirectorsthatincludesmembersofprivateindustry,theacademiccommunityandpublicagencies.Bands,utilities,andotherbusinessesandgovernmentagencieswilluseasecureWebsitetoshareinformationaboutattemptstohackintotheircomputernetworks.Memberscanjointhesystemfree.Akeyfeatureofthesystemisatwo-prongedmethodofreportingattacks.

A"sanitized"descriptionofahackingattemptorotherincident-onethatdoesn'trevealthenameorinformationaboutthevictim-canbesharedwiththeothermemberstospottrends.ThenamoredetaileddescriptionalsocanbesenttotheFBI'scomputercrimesunittointerfereiftherearegroundsforaninvestigation.Cybercrimehasjumpedinrecentyearsacrossthenation,particularlyinhotbedsoffinancialcommerceandtechnologylikeCharlotte."Tenyearsago,allyouneededtoprotectyourselfwasasafe,afenceandsecurityofficers,"saidChrisSwecker,whoisinchargeoftheFBI'sCharlotteoffice."Nowanybusinesswithamodemissubjecttoattack."FBIagentsinvestigatecomputerhackingthatdisruptedpopularWebsitesincludingA,CNNandYahoo!

severalNorthCarolinavictimshavebeenidentifiedthisyear.TheinvestigationhasalsoidentifiedcomputersystemsinNorthCarolinausedbyhackerstocommitsuchattacks.Prosecutionsofhackershavebeenhamperedbythereluctanceofcompaniestoreportsecurityintrusionsforfearofbadpublicityandlostbusiness.Meanwhile,toomanycorporationshavemadeittooeasyforcriminalsbysacrificingsecurityforspeedandaccessibility.JackWiles,whowillleadthelocalInfraGardchapter'sboard,saidarecentreportestimated97percentofallcybercrimegoesundetected.Wiles,acomputersecurityexpert,hasafirewallonhispersonalcomputertopreventhackersfromgettingintohisfiles."Igetatleastonereportadaythatsomebodywastryingtogetintomycomputer,"hesaid,"theNetisawonderfulplace,butit'salsoadangerousone."

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknow________.

[A]InfraGardisaprotectivemeasureagainstcybercrime

[B]InfraGardisameasureofcooperationandcollaboration

[C]therewillbe50InfraGardchaptersinallstates

[D]privatebusinessandthegovernmentarenowcommittingcybercrime

2.EachlocalchapterofInfraGardwillberunbythefollowingEXCEPT________.

[A]academiccommunities

[B]publicagencies

[C]FBI

[D]privateindustry

3.Bysaying"toomanycorporations...speedandaccessibility"(Lines3～4,Para.3),theauthormeans________.

[A]toomanycorporationstakenonoticeofthesecurityproblemofcomputers

[B]criminalsaresacrificingsecurityforspeedandaccessibility

[C]it'sveryeasytosacrificesecurityforspeedandaccessibility

[D]manycompaniessufferfromcomputerhackingbecausetheyvaluespeedandaccessibilitymorethansecurity

4.AllthefollowingarereasonsfortheriseincybercrimeEXCEPT________.

[A]victimswon'treportintrusionsbyhackers

[B]victimshavenofirewalls

[C]theuseofmodemisincreasing

[D]companiesdon'tpayenoughattentiontosecurity

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.

[A]notallhackingattemptsareworthyofinvestigation

[B]informationofthevictimsisinaccessible

[C]InfraGardchapterswillbeineffectbytheendofSeptember

[D]Awasoftendisruptedbyhacking

1小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

2小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

3小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：D

4小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

5小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：A

【參照解析】：無

三、完型填空

第4題：Today,mostcountriesintheworldhavecanals.Manycountrieshavebuiltcanalsnearthecoast,andparallel1thecoast.Eveninthetwentiethcentury,goodscanbemovedmorecheaplybyboatthanbyanyother2oftransport.These3makeitpossibleforboatstotravel4portsalongthecoastwithoutbeing5tothedangersoftheopen.Somecanals,suchastheSuezandthePanama,saveshipsweeksoftimebymakingtheir6athousandmilesshorter.Othercanalspermitboatstoreachcitiesthatarenot7onthecoast;stillothercanals8landswherethereistoomuchwater,helpto9fieldswherethereisnotenoughwater,and10waterpowerforfactoriesandmills.Thesizeofacanal11onthekindofboatsgoingthroughit.Thecanalmustbewideenoughtopermittwoofthelargestboatsusingitto12eachothereasily.Itmustbedeepenoughtoleaveabouttwofeetofwater13thekeelofthelargestboatusingthecanal.WhentheplanetMarswasfirst14throughatelescope,peoplesawthattherounddiskoftheplanetwascrises-crossedbya15ofstrangeblue-greenlines.Thesewerecalled"canals"16theylookedthesameascanalsonearth17areviewedfromanairplane.However,scientistsarenow18thattheMartianphenomenaarereallynotcanals.Thephotographs19fromspace-shipshavehelpedusto20thetruthabouttheMartian"canals".

1.[A]off[B]with[C]to[D]by

2.[A]way[B]means[C]method[D]approach

3.[A]waterways[B]waterfronts[C]channels[D]paths

4.[A]among[B]between[C]in[D]to

5.[A]revealed[B]exposed[C]opened[D]shown

6.[A]trip[B]journey[C]voyage[D]route

7.[A]lain[B]stationed[C]set[D]located

8.[A]escape[B]drain[C]dry[D]leak

9.[A]water[B]wet[C]soak[D]irrigate

10.[A]furnish[B]afford[C]offer[D]give

11.[A]focuses[B]bases[C]depends[D]takes

12.[A]cross[B]pass[C]move[D]advance

13.[A]down[B]beneath[C]below[D]off

14.[A]studied[B]researched[C]surveyed[D]observed

15.[A]plenty[B]number[C]deal[D]supply

16.[A]although[B]because[C]so[D]if

17.[A]that[B]where[C]when[D]as

18.[A]exact[B]definite[C]certain[D]decisive

19.[A]held[B]taken[C]got[D]developed

20.[A]find[B]expose[C]uncover[D]discover

1小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

2小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

3小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：A

4小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

5小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

6小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

7小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：D

8小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

9小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：D

10小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：A

11小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

12小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

13小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

14小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：D

15小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

16小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

17小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：A

18小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：C

19小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：B

20小題>、【對(duì)旳答案】：D

【參照解析】：無

四、閱讀理解

第5題：Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

ToSaveTrees,FightingOneAlienInsectwithOthers

Rustyrheasighswistfullyashetalksaboutthebeautyandpeaceofstandingamidagrove(小樹林)ofdeepgreenhemlocksinAppalachia,someofthemupto160feet(50meters)tallandmorethan500yearsold.

"Thisisaveryspecialtree,"saidRhea,anentomologistfortheU.S.ForestService'sForestHealthProtectionprograminAsheville,NorthCarolina,"Iwasbroughtuphere,andIdon'twanttoseeanotherspeciesgobythewayside."

Theevergreentrees,ahallmarkofsouthernAppalachia'snationalparks,areunderattackbyaninvasiveinse4ctbarelyvisibletotheeyebutpotentenoughtofellthegiantsoftheeasternUnitedStates'old-growthforests.

AlreadythetinybugfromJapan,knownasthehemlockwoollyadelgid(HWA),haskilledupwardof95percentofthehemlocksinVirginia'sShenandoahNationalPark.Nowtheyaremakingtheirwaythroughthehalf-million-plus-acre(200,000-plus-hectare)GreatSmokyMountainsNationalParkinNorthCarolinaandTennessee.

Thehemlocksshadestreams,keepingwatertemperaturesjustrightforbrooktrout(鮭魚)andotherfish.Theyalsohousebirdssuchastheblack-throatedgreenwarbler,solitaryvireo,andnortherngoshawk,allthreeofwhichmainlyshelterinstandsofhemlocktrees.

Becauseoftheinsect'sbroadimpactontheentireecosystemofsouthernAppalachia,HWAstandstocausewiderdamagethantheAmericanchestnutblight(枯萎病)oftheearly1900s.ThatfungusfromEuropekilledofftheoncedominantchestnuttreesfromthenortheastUnitedStatestothesouthernAppalachianMountains.

Inaddition,aspeciesrelatedtoHWA,thebalsamwoollyadelgid,hasalreadykilledabout90percentofthematureFraserfirtreesintheSmokies.

ActingQuickly

HWAarrivedintheU.S.PacificNorthwestvianurseryplantsfromJapanin1924.By1951thetinyinvaderhadbeenfoundinVirginia.Sincethentheinsecthasspreadtomorethan15U.S.states.

ThekeytokillingtheHWAistocatchitearlyandactquickly.It'salreadywellestablishedintheGreatSmokyMountains,whereRheaandothersaretryingtostemthespreadofthebugs.

HWAmultiplyquickly:Alloftheinsectsarefemalesthatreproduceasexually(無性地),layingseveralhundredeggsayear.Whentheygettothenymph,orcrawler,stage,theyaredormantfromaboutJuneuntilOctober,afterwhichtheyemergeandestablishthemselvesontrees.

Windsandbirdsandotheranimalsspreadthecrawlersthroughtheforest.

HWAcrawlersfeedonthenewgrowthofhemlocksbypiercingthetwigsthatholdthebranches,suckingthesap,andinjectingtoxicsaliva.Theneedlesturnfromadeepgreentoagrayishgreenandeventuallydie,deprivingthetreeofnutritionfromphotosynthesis.

Aninfectedtreeusuallydieswithinfiveyearsofinitialattack.Infectionissignaledbyeitherawhite,cottonlikematerialthatappearsalongatree'stwigsorbythe"baldness"ofatree'supperbranches.

PlansofAttack

InthePacificNorthwestthehemlocksseemtobetolerantofthecreatures'feeding,andinthecoldnortheast,wintersseemtokeepthematbay.Butinthewarmsoutheast,withweatherapproximatingthatoftheinsects'nativeAsianhomes,theythrive.

Chemicalsprays-suchasinsecticidalsoapsandhorticulturaloilsaswellastrunkorsoilinjections-havehelpedtokillsomeoftheHWAinfestations.

Butsprayingmustberepeatedeverysixmonths,andinjectionsareexpensiveandlastonlytwoyearsatmost.Thesemethodscan'tbeusedconvenientlyorsafelyinremoteareasornearthestreamswherehemlocksgrowthickly.

Longterm,thebestwaytocontrolthepestsappearstobereleasingotherinsectsthatfeedexclusivelyonHWA.ScientistshavestudiedHWAinJapanandChinaandidentifiedthreesuchspecies.Oneofthem,theSasajiscymnustsugae(St)beetle,wasreleasedinareasofGreatSmokyMountainsNationalParkin.

Studyingwhatcontrolsaspeciesinitsnativehabitat-includingclimate,predators,andhostresistance-providedcluesaboutwhichinsectstouseagainstHWA,saidKristineJohnson.BasedinGatlinburg,Tennessee,JohnsonisasupervisoryforesterforGreatSmokyMountainsNationalPark.

"Biologicalcontrolistheonlylong-termhopetosavethetreesinthebackcountry(窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤),"shesaid."Wehave800squaremiles(2,100squarekilometers)ofcontiguouswilderness.Wevaluethenativeforest,andit'sentirelyworthdefending."

RiskyBusiness

Releasingonespeciesofnon-nativebugtokillanothercouldberiskybusiness,potentiallycreatinganothertypeofinfestation.ButscientistsfirstquarantinedandstudiedtheHWA-killerinsects.

TheybelievetheStbeetlesarethebestanswertotheHWAproblemandthattheywon'tcausesidedamage.Thistinyblackfemalebeetle,thesizeofapoppyseed,isalreadyspreadingintheGreatSmokyMountains.

ButthebeetleandotherHWA-killerinsectsareseasonal,soitwilltakeseveraldifferentonesoperatingyear-roundtokeepHWAincheck,Rheasaid.Hedoesn'tbelieveHWAwillbecompletelyeradicated(根除)butwillinsteadbekeptinbalancebythepredatorinsects."We'retryingtoinsertabalanceinasystemthat'soutofbalance,"hesaid.

EachStbeetlecanlay200to300eggs,saidErnestBernard,professorofentomologyattheUniversityofTennesseeinKnoxville.

Bernard'slaboratoryisoneofseveralthatarebreedingthebeetles.

"Eachbeetleeatshundredsofbabyadelgidsayear,"hesaid.Andabout120,000ofthebeetleshavebeenreleasedinthepastcoupleyearsintheSmokies,butitisstilltooearlytomeasuretheirimpact.

Onegoodsign,Bernardsaid,isthatsomebeetlelarvae(幼蟲)havebeenfoundinareaswheretheywerenotreleased,indicatingthattheHWAkillersmaybereproducingandspreading.

1.Thepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofaninvasiveinsect,HWA.

2.HemlockisahallmarkofsouthernAppalachia'snationalparks.

3.Theinvasiveinsect,knownasthehemlockwoollyadelgid(HWA),isfromJapan.

4.ThekeytokillingtheHWAistocatchitearlyandactquickly.

5.Aninfectedtreeusuallydiesimmediately.

6.TheHemlockintheU.S.willbesavedfromHWAsoon.

7.Thelongterm,bestwaytocontrolthepestsHWAisspraying.

8.Since1951theHWAhasspreadtomorethan________.

9.Releasingonespeciesofnon-nativebugtokillanothercouldcreate________.

10.Itwilltakeseveraldifferentinsectsoperatingyear-roundto________.

1小題>【參照答案】：Y

2小題>【參照答案】：Y

3小題>【參照答案】：N

4小題>【參照答案】：N

5小題>【參照答案】：Y

6小題>【參照答案】：Y

7小題>【參照答案】：NG

8小題>【參照答案】：15U.S.states

9小題>【參照答案】：anothertypeofinfestation

10小題>【參照答案】：keepHWAincheck

五、翻譯

第6題：Itistimethewholesocietybegantotakeactionto________________________(使我們旳環(huán)境免于消滅).

【參照答案】：saveourenvironmentfromdestruction

第7題：Ifwe