三相異步電動機的制動控制線路-教學課件

案例：電動機自由停車的時間較長，隨慣性大小而不同，而某些生產機械要求迅速、準確地停車，如鏜床、車床的主電動機需快速停車；起重機為使重物停位準確及現(xiàn)場安全要求，也必須采用快速、可靠的制動方式制動：機械制動和電氣制動電氣制動：在電動機轉子上加一個與轉向相反的制動電磁轉矩，使電動機轉速迅速下降，或穩(wěn)定在另一轉速反接制動能耗制動常用三相異步電動機制動限制電路一、機械制動當電動機的定子繞組斷電后，利用機械裝置使電動機立刻停轉。機械制動電磁抱閘制動器MZD1系列溝通單相制動電磁鐵TJ2系列閘瓦制動器1－線圈2－銜鐵3－鐵心4－彈簧5－閘輪6－杠桿7－閘瓦8－軸電磁抱閘制動器結構示意圖電磁抱閘制動器工作原理示意圖1－彈簧2－銜鐵3－線圈4－鐵心5－閘輪6－閘瓦7－杠桿電源電磁抱閘斷電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMFRSB2SB1KMYBQSKMFRM3～電磁抱閘斷電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMSB2SB1KMYBQSKM合上電源開關QSFRFRM3～電磁抱閘斷電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMSB2SB1KMYBQSKM按下SB2KM線圈得電FRFRM3～電磁抱閘斷電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMSB2SB1KMYBQSKMKM1自鎖觸頭閉合,自鎖，松開SB2電磁抱閘線圈YB得電，使抱閘的閘瓦與閘輪分開KM1主觸頭閉合,電動機起動運行FRFRM3～電磁抱閘斷電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KMSB2SB1KMYBQSKM停:按SB1，接觸器KM失電釋放電磁抱閘線圈YB也失電，在彈簧的作用下，閘瓦與閘輪緊緊抱住FRFRM3～電磁抱閘通電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1FU2KM1FRSB1SB2KM1YBQSKM1FRM3～KM2KM2KM1電路組成分析電磁抱閘通電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1SB1SB2KM1QSKM1KM2KM1合上電源開關QSKM2FRFRM3～FU2YBKM2電磁抱閘通電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1SB1SB2KM1QSKM1KM2KM1按下SB1KM1線圈得電KM2FRFRM3～FU2YBKM2電磁抱閘通電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1SB1SB2KM1QSKM1KM2KM1KM1自鎖觸頭閉合,自鎖，松開SB1KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭斷開，KM1主觸頭閉合電動機起動運行電磁抱閘線圈YB不得電KM2FRFRM3～YBKM2FU2電磁抱閘通電制動限制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1SB1SB2KM1QSKM1KM2KM1KM2停：按下SB2KM1線圈失電釋放KM2線圈得電，KM2主觸頭閉合電磁抱閘線圈YB得電，使閘瓦與閘輪緊緊抱住FRFRM3～YBFU2二、電氣制動電動機產生一個和電動機實際旋轉方向相反的電磁轉矩，使電動機快速停轉。（一）能耗制動電動機切斷溝通電源后，立刻在定子線組的隨意兩相中通入直流電，利用轉子感應電流受靜止磁場的作用以達到制動目的。M3～L1L2L3KM1FRSB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2FRKM1KTKM2VUWQSFU1FU2KTKT單向啟動能耗制動自動限制線路KM2電路組成分析定子繞組直流電通路KM2VKM2L3NV定子繞組直流電通路L1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2QSFU1FU2KTKTKM2合上電源開關QS按下SB1KM1線圈得電單向啟動能耗制動自動限制線路KM2VM3～FRFRVUWL1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2QSFU1FU2KTKTKM2KM1自鎖觸頭閉合KM1主觸頭閉合KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷單向啟動能耗制動自動限制線路KM2VM3～FRFRVUWL1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2KM2VQSFU1FU2KTKTKM2按下SB2KM1線圈失電KM1自鎖觸頭分斷KM1主觸頭分斷KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電KT線圈得電單向啟動能耗制動自動限制線路M3～FRFRVUWL1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2KM2QSFU1FU2KTKTKM2KM2自鎖觸頭閉合KM2主觸頭分斷閉合電動機半波能耗制動KM2聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷KT瞬時閉合觸頭閉合松開SB2單向啟動能耗制動自動限制線路VM3～FRFRVUWL1L2L3KM1SB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2KM1KTKM2KM2VQSFU1FU2KTKTKM2KT延時斷開觸頭延時分斷KM2線圈失電KT線圈失電各觸頭復位單向啟動能耗制動自動限制線路M3～FRFRVUWFU2FRSB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1M3～L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCFRRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動限制線路電路組成分析FU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動限制線路合上電源開關QS按下SB1KM1線圈得電FRM3～FRFU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動限制線路KM1自鎖觸頭閉合KM1主觸頭閉合KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷松開SB1FRM3～FRFU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動限制線路按下SB1KM1線圈失電KM1自鎖觸頭分斷KM1主觸頭分斷KM1聯(lián)鎖觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電KT線圈得電FRM3～FRFU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動限制線路KM2自鎖觸頭閉合KM2主觸頭分斷閉合電動機半波能耗制動KM2聯(lián)鎖觸頭分斷KT瞬時閉合觸頭閉合松開SB1FRM3～FRFU2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2KTKTKTKM2KM2KM1L1L2L3FU1KM1QSFU3VCTCRKM2VUW3KM2有變壓器橋式整流能耗制動限制線路KT延時斷開觸頭延時分斷KM2線圈失電KT線圈失電各觸頭復位FRM3～FR

（二）反接制動１.反接制動原理在停車時，把電動機反接，則其定子旋轉磁場便反向旋轉，在轉子上產生的電磁轉矩亦隨之變?yōu)榉聪颍蔀橹苿愚D矩。反接制動單向啟動反接制動限制M3～L1L2L3FU1FU2KM1KM2FRSB1KM1SB2KM2KM1KM2FRQSＲKM1nKSKM2KS單向啟動反接制動限制L1L2L3FU1FU2KM2SB1KM1SB2QSＲKM1nKSKM2KS合上電源開關QSM3～KM1FRKM2FRKM1KM2單向啟動反接制動限制L1L2L3FU1FU2KM2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2QSＲKM1nKSKM2KS按下SB1KM1線圈得電M3～KM1FRKM2FR單向啟動反接制動限制L1L2L3FU1FU2KM2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2QSＲKM1KSKM2KSnKM1自鎖觸頭閉合,自鎖，松開SB1KM1主觸頭閉合,電動機起動，運行在轉速高到確定值時，KS閉合M3～KM1FRKM2FR單向啟動反接制動限制L1L2L3FU1FU2KM2SB1KM1SB2KM1KM2QSＲKM1KM2KSn停：按下SB2KM1失電釋放KM2線圈得電，KM2主觸頭閉合，電動機串聯(lián)電阻反接，反接制動KM2自鎖觸頭閉合M3～KM1FRKM2FRKS單向啟動反接制動限制L