高中語法 過去完成時(shí)

Unit3AmazingpeopleGrammarandusage主講人：翟苗苗

2010年3月30日perfecttense（完成時(shí)）presentperfecttense（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）pastperfecttense（過去完成時(shí)）futureperfecttense（將來完成時(shí)）presentperfecttense:form:

have/hasdonemainusage過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果。（just,already）過去的動作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)。（for,since）e.g.Ihaveboughtapen.

（結(jié)果：Ihaveapennow.)

Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.(結(jié)果：Theystilllivehere.)Howlonghavetheybeenmarried?(結(jié)果：Theyarecouplesnow.)Comparethepresentperfecttensewiththepasttense.1.兩者都表示過去的動作，但過去完成時(shí)表示的是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，過去時(shí)只表示有過去有這一動作。Helockedthedoor.他鎖過門。（現(xiàn)在門是開是關(guān)不清楚）Hehaslockedthedoor.他把門鎖上了。（門現(xiàn)在仍鎖著）Whoturnedonthelight?誰開的燈？（強(qiáng)調(diào)開燈的動作，不管現(xiàn)在燈是開是關(guān)）Whohasturnedonthelight?誰把燈打開的？（著眼開燈的結(jié)果，即現(xiàn)在燈還是亮著）2.兩者都表示過去開始并延續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示該動作仍在繼續(xù)，而一般過去時(shí)則說明該動作已結(jié)束。HehaslivedinWuhufortenyears.他已在蕪湖住了十年了。（現(xiàn)在仍住那里）HelivedinWuhufortenyears.他在蕪湖住過十年。（現(xiàn)在不在蕪湖住了）Notes:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可和具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語如：justnow,yesterday,aminuteago,lastyear等連用。但可與just,recently,never,always,often等連用。pastperfecttense（過去完成時(shí)）過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。構(gòu)成：had+done將來現(xiàn)在過去某時(shí)過去的過去過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)IhadstudiedEnglishbeforeIcame

here.2.He

hadjustfinished

hisworkwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.3.Theycame

earlierthanwehadexpected.4.SoonIrealized

thatIhadmadeamistake.5.Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Whendoweusethepastperfecttense?1.Weusethepastperfecttensewhenwewanttotalkaboutsomethingthathappenedatan

evenearliertimeinthepast.e.g.Uponenteringthetomb,Carter’sluckypetbird,whichhadledhimtotheplace,

waseatenbyasnake.Ireturned

thebookthatIhadborrowed.Heshowedmethepoemsthathehadwritten.Shehadgonetobedby9o’clocklastnight.

He

learned

Frenchallbyhimselfbytheageof16.Thefilmhad

already

begunwhenwegottothecinema.2.Wecanalsousethepastperfecttensein

reportedspeechtoreferanactionthathadalreadyhappenedatthetimeofspeaking.‘Weemptiedthetombofeverythingitcontained,’saidCarter.Cartersaidthattheyhademptiedthetombofeverythingitcontained.Notes:

間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

Tinasaid,“Iusuallygetupatsix.”Tinasaidsheusuallygotupatsix.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過去時(shí)。Tinasaidthat,“I

havereadthatbook.”Tinasaidthatshehadreadthatbook.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。Tomsaid,“I

wenttoBeijingamonthago”.Tom

saidthathehadgonetoBeijingamonthbefore.Thedoctorasked,“what

didyoueat”?Thedoctoraskedwhathehadeaten.一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。3.Theuseofthepastperfecttensesimplyindicatesthatanactioncomesbefore

anotherpastaction.

IhaddonemyhomeworkthismorningbeforeIwenttothemuseum.He

hadalreadyfinished

hisworkbefore

ninethismorning.4.Weoftenusethepastperfecttensewithtimeexpressionssuchaswhen,after,before,

assoonas,until,since,by,for,andalready.

ThenafewmonthsafterCarterhadopened

thetomb,LordCarnarvonfellillwithafeveranddied.HowardCarterhadreceivedmoneyfromLordCarnarvon

beforehemadehismostamazingdiscovery.Had

hegone

homewhenyouarrived?Bythetimehewassix,theboyhadlearned300words.Shesaidshehadmademanyfriendssinceshecamehere.一般過去時(shí)表示過去時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài)。過去完成時(shí)表示的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在一般過去時(shí)表示的動作或狀態(tài)之前，即它表示的是“過去的過去”。IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較：Bythetimehewastwelve,Edison_____tomakealivingbyhimself.A.wouldbeginB.hasbegunC.hadbegunD.wasbegun2.Thatdinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe_______________.A.wouldhaveB.havehadC.hadneverhadD.hadeverhad3.She_____Robertforayear.A.married

C.hasbeenmarriedwithB.marriedwith

D.hasbeenmarriedtoCDDDotheexercisesonpage49.AmeliaEarhartwasbornon24thJuly1897.Shehadanexcitingchildhood.BeforeshemovedtoDesMoines,she⑴_____

already_____

herfirstaeroplane.She⑵

_____homeagain,backtoChicago,sixyearslater.SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWarandbecameinterestedinflying.She⑶_____

already_____

flyinglessonsbeforesheboughtherfirstplane.Thenherinterestinflyingreallybegantogrow.In1929,sheorganizedanairraceforwomen.Ayearearlier,she⑷_____

thefirstwomanairpassengertoflyacrosstheAtlantic

hadseenmovedhadtakenhadbecomeShemarriedGeorgePutnamin1931.They⑸_____threeyearsbeforewhenheinterviewedherinNewYork.In1932,shebecamethefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheAtlantic.By2ndJune1937,she⑹_____herround-the-worldflight.TheflightwentinJune.ShereachedNewGuineaonthe29th.She⑺

_____flyingnearlyam