江蘇省海安中學(xué)2023屆高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題+Word版含答案

2023屆高三階段檢測(四)英語試卷第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.It’samusing. B.It’sexciting. C.It’sdisappointing.2.HowwillSusanspendmostofhertimeinFrance?A.Travelingaround.B.Studyingataschool.C.Lookingafterheraunt.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Goingout.B.Orderingdrinks.C.Preparingforaparty.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inaclassroom. B.Inalibrary. C.Inabookstore.5.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.GoontheInternet. B.Makeaphonecall. C.Takeatraintrip.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Aninformationoffice. B.Apolicestation. C.Ashoerepairshop.7.WhatistheTownGuideaccordingtotheman?A.Abrochure. B.Anewspaper. C.Amap.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthemansayabouttherestaurant?A.It’sthebiggestonearound.B.Itoffersmanytastydishes.C.It’sfamousforitsseafood.9.Whatwillthewomanprobablyorder?A.Friedfish. B.Roastchicken. C.Beefsteak.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WherewillMr.Whitebeat11o’clock?A.Attheoffice. B.Attheairport. C.Attherestaurant.11.WhatwillMr.Whiteprobablydoatoneintheafternoon?A.Receiveaguest. B.Haveameeting. C.Readareport.12.WhenwillMissWilsonseeMr.White?A.Atlunchtime.B.Lateintheafternoon.C.Thenextmorning.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhyisBillgoingtoGermany?A.Toworkonaproject. B.TostudyGerman. C.Tostartanewcompany.14.WhatdidthewomandislikeaboutGermany?A.Theweather. B.Thefood. C.Theschools.15.WhatdoesBillhopetodoabouthisfamily?A.BringthemtoGermany.B.LeavetheminEngland.C.Visittheminafewmonths.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fellow-travelers. B.Colleagues. C.Classmates.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhendiditrainlasttimeinJuárez?A.Threedaysago. B.Amonthago. C.Ayearago.18.WhatseasonisitnowinJuárez?A.Spring. B.Summer. C.Autumn.19.Whataretheelderlyadvisedtodo?A.Takeawalkintheafternoon.B.Keeptheirhomescool.C.Drinkplentyofwater.20.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Hostingaradioprogram. B.Conductingaseminar.C.Forecastingtheweather.第二部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）21.Evidenceshowsthatlackofpunishmentseemstogiveyoungsters_______tobreakthelaw.A.affectionB.privilege C.distinction D.license22.Jamesis_______carefulthanhispartner.Itseemsthatneitherofthemisequaltothejobthatcallsforgreatcare.A.notmore B.nomore C.notless D.noless23.Ladiesandgentlemen,we______atHaianStation.Pleasegetreadytogetoffthetrain.A.arearriving B.aretoarrive C.aregoingtoarrive D.willarrive24.At______hethinksistheappropriatemoment,hewilltellthemall______hehassufferedtheseyears.A.when;that B.when;what C.what;what D.what;which25.—HasISIS,themostshamefulterroristgroup,alreadybeenwipedofftheearth?—Iguessnot,butIthinkitoughtto_______.A.bedone B.havebeen C./ D.have26.Allrights______,nooneisallowedtocopyorusethispaperforothercommercialpurposes.preserved B.received C.deserved D.reserved27.TheEducationMinistryproposedguidelinestodecreasetheamountofthehomeworkgiventostudentseachday,______wellabovewhattheycanendure.A.whoseburden B.theirburden C.forwhomtheburdenD.forwhoseburden28.Watchout!_______caughtsmokinghereshallbefined. A.Whoever B.Whomever C.Anyone D.Nomatterwho29.Inthefilm,theactorthrewhimselfoffthehorseasif______todeath.A.shotB.shootingC.tobeshot D.havingshot30.—WhatdoyouthinkofSusan?—YouknowIhaveseenmanyfineplayers,butsheis______else. A.nobody B.someone C.nothing D.something31.Itissogoodahabittoinstructchildrentolaythings_______theybelongwhentheyareyoung.A.towhich B.where C.inwhich D.that32.—Whydidn’tyoupickyourlittlesonupwhenhefelloffthetoycar?—He_______otherwise_______todependonhimself.A.wouldn’t…h(huán)avelearnedB.didn’t…learnC.hadn’t…learnedD.hasn’t…learned33.—WhyisPetersoupset?—AsfarasIknow,hewasjustnow______bytheotherboysbecauseofhissize. A.pickedon B.spiedon C.takenon D.countedon34.—______youneedanyhelp,feelfreetocontactme.—Thankyouforyourkindness. A.May B.Will C.Shall D.Should35.—MustIstayathomegoingoverlessonsevenatweekend?—Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly,butdon't______thistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.

pullyourweight B.sealyourfate C.pushyourluck D.breakyourback第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題：每小題1分，滿分20分）請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Lastyear,IheardabouttheHimalayasandthemeltingoftheicebecauseofclimatechange.Idecidedtodoa__36__swimunderneathMt.Everest,thehighestmountainonthisearth.WhenwegotuptothesmalllakeunderneaththesummitofMt.Everest,Ipreparedmyselfin__37__ways.IputonmyiPod,listenedtosomemusic,gotmyselfas__38__aspossibleandthenI__39__myselfintothatwater.Iswamas__40__asIcouldforthefirsthundredmeters.AfterwardsI__41__thehugeproblemonmyhands.Myfingerswere__42__thesizeofsausagesbecause—youknow,we'remadepartiallyofwater—whenwaterfreezesit__43__.Ithencouldbarelybreathe,beganto__44__andeventhrewupinthewater.Itallhappenedsoquickly.Idon'tknowwhy,butIwent__45__.Luckily,thewaterwasquiteshallow,andIwasabletopushmyself__46__thebottomofthelake.I'vehearditsaidthatdrowningisthemost__47__deathyoucanhave.Ihavenever,everheardsuchnonsense.Inourcamp,I__48__aboutwhathadgonewrongthereonMt.Everestwithmycrew.Myteamjustgaveittome__49__.“Lewis,youneedtohaveacomplete__50__ifyouwantto__51__it.Wewantyoutotakesometimetorestthinkingaboutthingsinsteadofswimmingfastandremember,nevereverswimwithaggression.Everysinglethingyou'velearnedinthepast23yearsofswimming,youmust__52__.Andalsotheeverysinglethingyoulearnedwhenyouwere__53__intheBritisharmy,aboutspeedandaggression.Thisisthetimetoswimwithreal__54__.”Ican'ttellhowgoodand__55__IfeltwhenIswamtotheothersidetwodayslater.ButIlearnedavery,veryimportantlessonthereonMt.Everest:justbecausesomethingworkedinthepastsowell,itdoesn'tmeanit'sgoingtoworkinthefuture.36.A.passionate B.creative C.symbolic D.fascinating37.A.different B.usual C.common D.simple38.A.aggressive B.optimistic C.protective D.energetic39.A.put B.tried C.walked D.threw40.A.carefully B.quickly C.slowly D.deeply41.A.realized B.touched C.solved D.caused42.A.hardly B.exactly C.mostly D.likely43.A.freezes B.swells C.expands D.squeezes44.A.choke B.weep C.swallow D.drink45.A.underwater B.floating C.ahead D.slower46.A.towards B.off C.at D.from47.A.peaceful B.helpful C.merciful D.regretful48.A.debated B.talked C.worried D.complained49.A.fast B.direct C.straight D.forward50.A.learning B.understanding C.preparation D.shift51.A.use B.take C.make D.keep52.A.remember B.insist C.exploit D.forget53.A.swimming B.serving C.training D.fighting54.A.respect B.intelligence C.imagination D.ambition55.A.awful B.skillful C.painful D.thankful第三部分閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ALisbontoSintraOverviewSintrais25kmtothewestofLisbon.WestronglydiscouragedrivingtoSintra,asthenarrowhillroadsarenotdesignedfortheheavytouristtrafficandthereisvirtuallynocarparkingoncethere.TherearebusservicestoSintra,butthejourneytimesarelongerthanbytrainandthelocationsofthebusstationsarenotasconvenientasthetrainstations.ThetrainstoSintraareoperatedbythenationaltraincompanyofPortugal.TherearetworailroutesbetweenLisbontoSintra,bothequallyusefulfortourists.Theseservicesare：1)RossioStationtoSintra2)OrientestationtoSintra,viaAreeiro,Entrecampos,andSeteRiosstationsTheRossioserviceistheonetypicallyusedbymostvisitors,asitdepartsfromthehistoriccentreofLisbon.ThetraindepartingfromOrientestationisgenerallyusedbythosevisitorstravellingonwardtoSintra,asthisrouteisclosertotheairport,themainbusstationsandtrainstation.AstheLisbontoSintrarailwayisanurbanroute,ticketsandseatscannotbepre-booked,butthereisnorealneedasthereisusuallyplentyoffreeseats.DuetothepopularityofSintratherecanbelongqueuesatRossiostationfortickets,ouradviceisalwaysstartatriptoSintraasearlyinthedayaspossible.AllofLisbon'strainstationsareconsideredasbeinginthesamefarezone,sonomatterthedepartingstationthefaretoSintrawillalwaysbethesame.AsinglefromLisbontoSintrapassesthroughfourfarezonesandcosts2.15/1.10(adult/child).Therearenoreductionsforareturnticket,andthereturnfarewillbethepriceoftwosingles.56.TovisitSintra,travelersareadvisedto________．A.gotherebytrainforsafetyreasonscausedbynarrowhillroadsB.setoutearlyiftakingRossiorouteforfearoflongtickettimeC.bookticketsbeforehandinordertosecureaseatonthetrainD.takeabusthereasthereisalackofcarparkingforself-drivers57.IftwoparentswithachildstartfromLisbonairportforaday'svisittoSintraandthencomebackbytrain,theywill________．A.taketheOrienterouteandpay16.2forthefareB.taketheRossiorouteandpay10.8forthefareC.taketheOrienterouteandpay10.8forthefareD.taketheRossiorouteandpay16.2forthefareBIt’snotanurbanlegend:crimeratesdoinfactinthesummerintheU.S.Astudyfoundthat,withtheexceptionofrobberyandautotheft,ratesofallviolentandpropertycrimesarehigherduringthesummerthanduringothermonths.Thestudyexamineddatacollectedduring8years,whichincludedviolentandpropertycrimesthatdidnotresultindeath,bothreportedandnotreportedtothepolice.Thedatashowthat,thoughthenationalcrimeratedroppedby70percentduringrecentyears,seasonalspikesinsummerremain.Insomecasesthosespikesare12percenthigherthanratesduringseasonsinwhichthelowsoccur.Thephenomenonconfusesmanycriminologists,andtheywonderwhy.Somereasonthatincreasedtemperatures,whichdrivemanyoutofdoorsandleavewindowsopenintheirhomes,raisetheamountoftimewhenhomesareleftempty.Otherspointtotheeffectofstudentsonsummervacationwhoareotherwiseoccupiedwithschoolingduringotherseason,whilesomearguethatsufferingheat-induceddiscomfortsimplymakespeoplemoreaggressiveandlikelytoactout.Althoughtheseelementspossesscertainpersuasivepower,theirrationalityiscalledintoquestionwhencasesinwinterareputonthemap.Whyaren’ttheratesinwinterfallingifheatrelatedfactorsaretoblameforthesummerspike?Contrarily,themattershouldbeviewedfromsocialandeconomicanglesratherthanonsolarterms.Numerousstudieshaveshownthatratesofcriminalbehavioramongyoungadultsdropwhentheircommunitiesprovidethemwithotherwaystospendtheirtimeandearnmoney.ThiswasfoundtobetrueinLosAngeles,wheregangactivitywasreducedwhencommunitycentersforteenswerethrivingandactive.Andgenerallyspeaking,theconnectionbetweeneconomicinequalityandcrimeisrobustlydocumentedfortheU.S.Andwhysummerseesaworsesituation?It’sprobablybecauseit’sevenharderforyoungstertolandjobsthatprovideforlifenecessities.Soifofficialswanttoaddressthesummerspikeincrime,theymayactdifferentlyinsteadofaimingstraightatcrimes.Simplyupgradingsecurityandseverelypunishingoffencesalmostproducevoideffects.Instead,beopentovariousoptionsandtheywillfindthatdevelopmentofjobhuntingagenciesorcommunityprofessionaltrainingcentersareaccompanyingthedropofcrimeratewithoutseasonalexceptions.Afterall,breadalwayscomesfirstforeveryone.58.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeyreasonfortheseasonalspikeofcrimerates?A.Increasedtemperaturelefthouseseasierforattacks.B.People’seconomicneedsarenotsatisfiedbythesociety.C.Youngstersfindithardtoreleaseenergiesatschool.D.Thehotenvironmentmakespeoplemorelikelytobeangered.59.Whatcanbedonetofightseasonalriseofcrimes?A.Takemeasuretoencourageyouthemployment.B.Enhancethesafetymechanismduringthesummer.C.Frightenwould-becriminalsthroughharshpunishments.D.Lengthentheschooltimetoholdstudentsinschoolduringsummer.60.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Solartermsareresponsibleforthesummercrimespike.B.Crimeratesinsummerfallby58percentintheU.SC.CriminalactivitiesfallinLosAngelesbecauseofpositivecommunityprograms.D.Thecrimesratesinwinterarelowduetolowmobilityintheseason.CHoldyoursmartphone,smileatthefrontcamera,andclick!Yougetaselfie.Thereisnodoubtthatthisphotoisyours.Butifamonkeytakesaselfie,doesthecameraownerhavetherighttodecidehowtouseit?Recently,thisquestionhascausedaproblembetweenWikimediaFoundation,anon-profitorganization,andBritishwildlifephotographerDavidJ.Slater.In2023,SlaterwasvisitingaparkinIndonesiawhenamacaque(獼猴)gotholdofoneofhiscameras.“Theywerequitenaughty,jumpingallovermyequipment,”SlatertoldTheTelegraph,“anditlookedliketheywerealreadyposingforthecamerawhenonehitthebutton.”Theresultwashundredsofmonkeyselfies.Thebestofimageswasafemalemacaquegrinningtoothilyintothelens.Thisweek,thegrinningmonkeyselfiereturnedtothenewswhenWikimediarefusedSlater’srequesttotakethephotosdownfromWikimediaCommons,awebsitethatisrunbytheorganizationandoffersfreeimages.AccordingtoWikimedia,anyonewhodownloadsthemonkeyselfie,oranyofthemillionsofimagesonthesite,cancopyanduseanyworksherefreelyaslongastheyfollowwhattheauthorsays.ThequestionthataroseherewaswhetherSlater,whohadnotheldthecamera,setuptheshot,ofpressedtheshutter(快門),couldbeconsideredthephotographerofthemonkeyselfie.Wikimedia’spositiononthiswasclear:astheworkofanon-humananimal,thisphotohasnohumanauthorwhoownsthecopyright.Onlyauthorsofcreativeworks,likeapieceofwritingorasong,owncopyrights.Intermsofphotos,UScopyrightlawsayswhoeverpushesthebuttononthecameraownsthecopyrighttotheimageproduced,whichmeansthatiftouristsaskyoutotakeaphotoofthem,andyouhappentohittheshutterbuttonattheexactmomentthatJustinBieber,aCanadiansinger,madefacesbehindthem,you,asthephotographer,wouldhavethephoto’scopyrightandsellit.Thetourists,whoownthecameraonwhichthephotowastakenandaskedyoutotakethephotodon’tgettherighttouseitwithoutyouallowingthemto.Allthishasbeencomplicatedbytheappearanceofsurveillance(監(jiān)控)cameras,smartphones,andlargescalephotographyprojectsforwhichassistantsoftenpresstheshutterbuttontoproduceworkswhosecopyrightsbelongtotheirboss.Slaterseemstobethinkingalongtheselines.Hesaysthatbuyingthecameras,spendingthousandsofpoundstotransporthimselftoIndonesia,andallowingthemonkeysto“steal”hiscamerasmakehimtheauthoroftheimage,regardlessofwhopushedthebutton.“Inlaw,ifIhaveanassistantthenIstillownthecopyright,hetoldthe“Today”Show.“Ibelieveinthiscase,themonkeywasmyassistant.”Butifoneistobelievehisowntellingofthemonkeystealinghiscamera,Slaterdidn’taskthemonkeystotaketheselfiesandfinallytookthecameraaway.Ifthatseemsunfair,thinkaboutthis.Ifapersonleftherlaptopinacafe,andapoetpickeditup,openedupaword-processingprogram,andtypedoutapoemwhichturnedouttobethebestpoemofthisgeneration,couldsheaskformuchmorethanherlaptopback?61.Themonkeyselfie,takenin2023,returnedtothespotlightbecause.A.SlaterallowedpeopletodownloadthephotoforfreeB.SlaterallowedWikimediaCommonstodownloadthephotofreeofchargeC.WikimediaCommonsrefusedtopaySlateranymoneyforthephotoonthewebsiteD.WikimediaCommonsrefusedtotakethephotodownfromthewebsitedespiteSlater’srequest62.AccordingtoUScopyrightlaw,whomightWikimediathinkownedthecopyrightofmonkeyphoto?A.Slater. B.Wikimedia. C.Themonkey. D.Noone.63.TheauthormentionedJustinBieberandsomespecialcasestoshowthat.A.whoeverpressedthebuttonwouldhavethephoto’scopyrightinanycasesB.onlythefamoussingerwouldhavethecopyrighttohavetheimageproducedC.onlytheownerofthecamerawouldhavethecopyrightofthephotoevenifhedidn’ttakeitD.whoeverpushedthebuttonwouldhavethecopyrightbutinsomespecialcasesthingsweredifferent64.Fromthelastparagraphweknowthattheauthor.A.supportsWikimedia B.doesn’tshowhisattitudeatallC.showsgreatsympathytoSlater D.agreeswithneitherWikimedianorSlaterDMythwasborninchildhoodofhumanbeing.Itisaproductofancientimaginations,whichcanconquernature,dominatenatureandmakethepowerofnaturehaveitsownimage.Itisaculturalphenomenonincivilizedsociety.ChinaandGreecearebirthplacesofOrientandWesterncivilizations.PrimeMinisterConstantineCaramanlisofGreeceoncepointedout:“ThecivilizationofChinabroughtlighttotheFarEastandthewholeofAsia,asGreecethought，thecornerstoneofEuropeancivilization,broughtlighttotheWest.”However，forsomereasons，therearemanydifferencesbetweenChineseandGreekmyth，whichshowtheirownuniquenationalspiritsandmoralprinciples.TheancestorsofChinesenationlivedonlandbeforeonemillionandsevenhundredthousandyears.Afterlonguncivilizedtimes,ancientChinesegraduallycreatedcivilization.Inprehistory,ancientChineselivedandstruggled.Mostancestors'achievementsoftribeshavebeenpasseddownorally.Thisisoldmyth.Accordingtosomearchaeologicalmaterials,singlemyth,whichhasthemeaningoftotem(圖騰),hadappearedintheLatePalaeolithicAge.Asthementalbelief,totemistheholiestandthemostbeautifulsymbolinancienttribes'mind.Itistheiraestheticconception(審美觀).Onthecontrary,thehistoryofGreeceisshorter,andGreekmythproducedlaterthanChinesemyth.ItproducedinabouteleventhcenturyBC,anditwasfarfromtheageoftotemworship.ThatwastheAgeofHeroes.Humanwisdomhadbeenmoreandmoreimportantandtotemworshiphadtendedtodisappear.SoancientGreeksthoughtthathumanbeingwasthemostbeautifulintheworld.Theygavetheirdeities(神靈)themostbeautifulimages.Thoseareimagesofhumanbeings.ChinaliesinanisolatedpocketinEastAsia,surroundedbyimpassablemountains,deserts,seasandvalleys.Thisenvironmentdevelopsacontinentalculturewherepeopleareonlylookinginward,afarmingculturecentersonsoil,discouraginganyadventuroussee-faringpeople.Inaddition,ChinesemythproducedintheYellowRiverandtheYangtzeRiverValley.Inbothzones,thevolumeofrainisabundantalltheyearround.Becausethesoilisfertileandtheresourcesarerich,bothareasaresuitableforagriculture.Itbecamethetypicalcontinentalagriculture.Theywouldnotliketotaketheirownlivestostrugglewithterrifyingwaves,butwouldratherworkhardingentleland.JusttheancientChinesewholivedinthiscontinentcreatedthisuniquemyth,ancientChinesemyth.ContrarytoChina,Greeceisapoorcountry,barrenanddry.UnliketherichrivervalleysYellowRiverandYangtzeRiver,itsriversaretoosmalltobenavigable,andtheydryupintheheatofthemostlyrainlesssummers.TheGreeklandscapeisdominatedbyhighmountains,whichoccupyaboutthreequartersoftheland.AsrichlandwaslimitedinGreece,tosurvive,ancientGreekshadtolookoutward.SeaisthegreatestGreeknaturalresource.ItplaysacentralroleinthelifeofGreeks.TheChineseseasdon'tlooknavigable,buttheGreekseaslooklikeswimmingpools.TheChinesesailor,ifhehappenstobebold,sailsfordayswithoutanylandinsight.Infact,hecaneasilygetdrownedbeforehehasachancetogetanywhere.TheGreeksailor,whoisalwaysfortunate,canspotislandsinalldirectionsoncleardays.Withthesestepping-stones,hecanreachanypartoftheMediterraneantotrade,tostay,toconquerandtocolonize.Theyliketolearnadvancedtechniqueandculturesfromothercountries.ThisprovidedlivingspaceforindependenceofGreekmyth.Franklyspeaking,marinecivilizationcreatedthegreatGreekmyth.65.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandGreekmyth.B.Thedefinitionofmythsandwhytheycameintoexistence.C.ThereasonsforthedifferencesbetweenChineseandGreekmyth.D.ThefactorsresultinginChinesemythbeingmoreadvancedthanGreekmyth.66.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthoraccordingtowhathewritesinthispassage?A.Hehasastrongaffectionforhiscountry'scivilizations.B.Heholdsapositiveattitudetowardsthestudyofmyth.C.HeagreeswithConstanitineintermsofGreekMyth.D.Hepresentshismainpointofviewinanobjectivetone.67.Whatcanweinferfromthe3rdparagraph?A.Chinesemythcameintobeing1.7millionyearsearlierthanGreekmyth.B.TheappearanceoftotemmarkedthebirthofChinesecivilization.C.DeitiesinGreekmytharewiserandmorebeautifulthanChineseones.D.Thetimewhenthemythproducedhasgreatinfluenceonitsimages.68.Theauthorwritesthe4thand5thparagraphsmainlyto________．A.displaythegeographicaldifferencesbetweenChinaandGreeceB.comparetheagriculturecivilizationandthemarinecivilizationC.showhowenvironmentcausesthedifferencesofthetwomythsD.revealwhyChinesearemoreconservativethanwesternpeople69.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“marine”inthelastsentencemostprobablymean?A.ofadvancedlevel B.oforrelatingtotheseaC.independentofanything D.willingtomakeadventures70.ThedifferencesmainlytalkedaboutinthepassagebetweenChineseandGreekmythsare________.a.aestheticconceptionb.survivingskillsc.independentspiritsd.adventurousspiritse.formingprocessA.ace B.bcd C.ade D.abd第二卷（非選擇題，共35分）第四部分任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題0.5分，滿分5分）請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。Peopletendtoblametheexternalforcewhenbadthingshappenandgivethemselvescreditwhengoodthingsoccur.Forexample,ifyoupassedanexam,theself-servingwouldleadyoutobelievethatitwasbecauseyoustudiedhard.Ifyoufailed,ontheotherhand,youmightbelieveitwasbecausetheteacherdidnotexplainthesubjectcorrectly,theclassroomwastoowarmoryourroommatekeptyouupallnightbeforetheexam.Socialpsychologistsdescribethisphenomenonasself-servingbias(自利性偏差).Anumberoffactorshavebeenshowntoinfluencetheself-servingbias.Generally,olderadultsmaketheinternalattribution,thatis,creditthemselveswiththeirsuccess.Menaremorelikelytomaketheexternalattribution,meaningtheytendtoblametheoutsideforcefortheirfailure.Oftenwhenapersonissad,thiskindofbiasmaybeopposite:theywillattributepositiveresultstotheoutsidehelporevenluck,andblamethemselveswhenbadthingshappen.ExpertssuggestthatwhilethisbiasisquitewidespreadinthewesterncultureincludingtheU.S.andCanada,ittendstobemuchlessfrequentintheeasterncultureincludingChinaandJapan.Why?IndividualistculturessuchastheU.S.placegreaterstressonthepersonalachievementandself-respect,soprotectingtheselffromfeelingsoffailureismoreimportant.Collectivistcultures,ontheotherhand,aremorelikelytoattributethepersonalsuccesstoluckandfailuretothelackoftalent.However,therearesomesituationswheretheself-servingbiashappenslessoften.Someresearchhasfoundthatpeopleincloserelationships,whethertheromanticrelationshiporfriendship,tendtobemoremodest.Yourfriendsoryourpartner,inotherwords,wouldremindyouwhenabadsituationmightbepartlybecauseofyourowndoing.Althoughthebiascanmeanavoidingthepersonalresponsibilityforone’saction,inmanycases,itisadefensemechanismthatprotectsaperson’sself-respect.Byattributingpositiveeventstopersonalcharacteristics,peoplegetanincreaseinconfidence.Byblamingtheoutsideforceforfailure,peoplemakethemselvesbelievetheydon’tneedtoberesponsibleforthefailureandthusprotecttheirself-respect.Anotheradvantageofthisbiasisthatitleadspeopletopersevereeveninthefaceofdifficultsituations.Anunemployedworkermayfeelmoremotivatedtokeeplookingforworkifheattributeshisunemploymenttoaweakeconomy,forexample,ratherthansomepersonalfailure.Anathletemightfeelmoremotivatedtoperformwellifhebelievesthathisfailureduringapreviouseventistheresultofbadweatherratherthanalackofskill.Self-servingbiasTheconceptoftheself-servingbias?Theself-servingbiasmirrorsacommonphenomenonthatpeoplealwaysattributetheirsuccesstothe(71)▲reasonswhilefailuretotheobjectiveones.Factors(72)▲theself-servingbias?Theself-servingbiasislinkedto(73)▲andgender.?Theself-servingbiasisalsoconnectedwithone’s(74)▲.Forexample,anunhappypersontendstoblamehimselfwhenbadthingshappen.?Different(75)▲backgrounds,whetherindividualistorcollectivist,alsohavemuchtodowiththeself-servingbias.F