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GROUP7Historyandregion傈僳族最早生活在四川、云南交界的金沙江流域一帶,后逐步遷到滇西怒江地區(qū)定居下來(lái)。傈僳族是云南特有民族,主要聚居在云南省怒江傈僳族自治州和維西傈僳族自治縣Lisuclanfirstliveinsichuan,yunnanborderjinshajiangriverarea,aftermovingtowesternyunnannujiangriverareagraduallysettlingdown.LisuclanisuniqueinyunnannationalandmainlylivedinyunnanprovincenujianglisuclanautonomousprefectureandweixilisuclanLanguage
TheLiSuminorityusetheLiSuLanguage.Beforeliberation,theLiSupeopletieknotsandcarvewoodtonotethings.Since1949,thepartyandthegovernmenthavehelpedtheLiSupeopleproducednewcharactersandwritinglanguage.Alsothenewspapersandmanykindsofbooks.CultureTobaccocultureSportscultureClothingcultureWinecultureMusiccultureChewingtobacco(嚼煙葉)
TheLiSumenandwomenhaschewingtobaccocustom.Whenguestscome,theyshouldbesendtobaccorespectfully.Peopletofindapartnerusuallythrowtheirtobaccocase.Fromthis,wecaninferthat,tobaccoissoessentialtoLiSupeople.Whenchewingtobaccos,putthemintoyourmouthfirstly.Then,addsomeHydratedlime(熟石灰)andsomeblackjellysubstance(黑色膠狀物)madeofsomeBetelnutroots(檳榔根),Plumbarks(李子樹(shù)皮),andChestnutleaves(栗子樹(shù)葉).Finally,chewingthemixtureslowly.Afteralittlewhile,yourmouthlookslikehavingbeenappliedlipstick(像被涂了口紅).Nowadays,agreatmanyofwomenthinkthatchewingisawaneofelegance(有失大雅),sotheyaregraduallygivingupsmoking.SportscultureCrossbow(射弩):Crossbowistheirfavoritesport.AndthereisaninterestingactivityaboutCrossbow.Clothingculture:
TheLisupeoplecanbedividedinto3groupsaccordingtothecolorsoftheirlinendress(麻布衣服).ThesethreegroupsarethewhiteLisu,theblackLisuandthecolorfulLisu.Headdress(頭飾):itsnameis俄勒.Eleiscomposedofcoral(珊瑚),shell(貝殼)andcopperbeads(銅珠子).Shellrepresentsthemoon,theothersrepresentstars.SoElerepresentsamyriadofstarssurroundthemoon(眾星捧月).ThereisalegendwhichisassociatedwithEle.Longlongago,therewasaseveredroughtyear.Manypeoplediedofstarvation.Apairofloverslivedinabeautifulmountainarea.Theyoungwomansawthatthehide(獸皮)wornonthemanwastooragged.Soshemadeuphermindstomakealinendressforhim.Roughlinenhurtwoman’shandsandwindblewherhairintohereyes.Themansawthis,sohedeterminedtomakeabeautifulheaddresswhichrepresentsthemoonandstarstoprotectwoman’seyes.AttheMidAutumnFestival,theychangedtheirpresentsandlovedeachotherforever.
Uptonow,ithasbecomeacustom.Wineculture:
Astheirancestorslivedbyhuntinginmountainarea,winebecametheirnecessity.Inthewineculture,themostinterestingthingisdrinking“Tongxinwine”(同心酒).Twopeopleholdthesamewinebowlandhookeachother’sshouldertodrinkwinetogether.Ifsomeonedrink“Tongxinwine”withyou,hemeansthatheregardsyouashisfriendandhebelievesinyou.Sothereisnogenderrestriction(性別限制)indrinking“Tongxinwine”.Musicculture:
TheLisupeoplehavesuchaproverb:Iffoodisnotsaltyenoughitwon’tbedelicious;Ifsongisnotsung,heartwon’tbecomfortable(鹽不吃飯不香,歌不唱心不爽).Thatistosay,songisasimportantassalt.Theirsongisquitegood,especiallythechorus(合唱).“擺時(shí)”“優(yōu)葉”“木刮”aretheirthreefamoustunes.Festival
TheSwordPoleFestivalisheldonthe8thdayofthesecondlunarmonth.Toexpresstheirgratitudetotheirhero,theLisupeopleperformtwoceremoniesknownas"ascendingthepoleofswords"(上刀山)and"divingintotheseaofflames."(下火海)whichareonSwordPoleFestival.SwordPoleFestival(刀桿節(jié))
Inkickingoffthisfestival,anumberofbraveLisumenperformasymbolicactknownas"divingintotheseaofflames"bysteppingbarefootonapileofburningcharcoal(木炭).Thentheyclimbupaladderwith36rungsmadeofsharpenedswordsofwhichtheblades(刀刃)areturnedupward.Thepeopleperformingthisactmaybeinjuredbuteveryoneseemstohavefun.Thesementhatclimbtheseladdersarecalled"Nipas."Atthetopoftheladder,the"Nipa"performssomeextremelydifficultacrobaticfeats(雜技)toexpelevil.沙灘埋情人Everyyear,onJanuary4oflunarcalendar.Withthehelpoftheircompanions,theyoungmenandwomendigaholetoburytheirlover,andpretendtobeverysad,crying,singingfuneralso
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