高中英語時態(tài)語態(tài)講解

時態(tài)語態(tài)2021/3/91一般現(xiàn)在時：表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，也可用于陳述真理、客觀事實(shí)。WhenIwasyoung,ourteachersoftentoldusthatknowledgeispower.2.Heoftencomeslate.3.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsdowninthewest.4.Practicemakesperfect.2021/3/92一般過去時：是與“現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系的時態(tài)”，只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事實(shí)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系；語境中的過去式常表示“剛才,曾經(jīng)”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣”。表示對過去某時或某時期的動作或狀態(tài)，或過去習(xí)慣的動作。Yourphonenumberagain?Ididn’tquitecatchit.Hewrotemanyplayswhenhewasatcollege.3.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.---Butshepromised.2021/3/93進(jìn)行體：它具有暫時性、持續(xù)性、未完成性的特點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：表示此刻或現(xiàn)階段進(jìn)行的動作。過去進(jìn)行時：用來表示過去特定的某一時刻正在發(fā)生或過去某一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的事情。2021/3/94進(jìn)行體：①一個長動作作為背景，被一個短動作打斷，長動作往往用進(jìn)行體，短動作用一般體。如：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.ThereportersaidthattheUFOwastravelingfromeasttowestwhenhesawit.②表示動作的未完性、暫時性。如：Idon’treallyworkhere;Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.Selectingamobilephoneforapersonaluseisnoteasytaskbecausetechnologyischangingsorapidly.2021/3/95③表示計(jì)劃、安排要做的事。如：I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.Iam

takingmymum.—WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?—Ihadjustfinishedmyworkandwasstartingtotakeashower.

④表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)時發(fā)展中的或正在進(jìn)行的情況。IfirstmetLisa3yearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthetime.—Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!—Oh,I’mterriblysorry,Iwasn’tnoticing.

2021/3/96⑤進(jìn)行時態(tài)與constantly,always,forever連用，帶有感情色彩（如感嘆、驚訝、厭煩等）。I’m

alwayshearingstrangethingsabouthim.Heisalwaysleavingthingsabout.2021/3/97下列幾類動詞不用進(jìn)行時時態(tài)感知或感覺的動詞：hear,see,seem,smell,sound,look,feel等。表示心理或情感的動詞：like,love,hate,prefer,wish等。表示狀態(tài)存在的動詞：be,exist,remain,stay,等。表示占有或存屬關(guān)系動詞：have,own,belong,contain等。表示思考、理解等心理活動的動詞：believe,doubt,forget,know,remember,understand等。2021/3/98現(xiàn)在完成時：表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的影響或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果。以現(xiàn)在時間為參照點(diǎn)。Eg.Hehasservedinthearmyfor5years.Heservedinthearmyfrom1952to1954.現(xiàn)在完成時常用的狀語有already,yet,never,beforelately,recently,inthelast/pastfewdays/years(在過去的這幾天/年里)，sincethen,uptonow,sofar,upontonow等2021/3/991.Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he____usmuchimpression.A.hadn'tleftB.didn'tleaveC.doesn'tleaveD.hasn'tleft2.I

inLondonformanyyears，butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived3.He_____footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.

A.wasplaying

B.played

C.hasplayed

D.hadplayed2021/3/910過去完成時：表示過去的過去，應(yīng)有一個過去的時間做參點(diǎn)。Eg.Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecame

back.Shehasbeenillforaweek.（現(xiàn)在仍在生?。┳ⅲ涸赽efore或after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。Afterhelefttheroom,athiefcamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitrained.2021/3/9111.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness

. A．hasgrown B．isgrowing C．grew D．hadgrown2.Mymindwasn’tonwhathewassaying,soI’mafraidI______halfofit. A.wasmissing B.hadmissed C.willmiss D.missed2021/3/912注：表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose,want等，其過去完成時表示過去未增實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。如：IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.2021/3/913現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：表示動作過去發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。Eg.TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.TheCCTVhasbeenbroadcasting

Englishprogrammeseversince1977.2021/3/914過去完成進(jìn)行時：表示一個動作在過去某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到另一個過去時刻，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。Eg.Becausehehadnotbeendoinghisworkwell,hewasfired.2021/3/915將來時：表示即將發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。1.一般現(xiàn)在時表將來的用法常用于談?wù)摃r間表、節(jié)目單或日程表上所安排好的事情，只限于少數(shù)動詞如begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,

stop,

return,open,close等。Theconcertbeginsat7:00andendsat9:00.Thetrainstartsat9inthemorning.2021/3/9162.在if,unless,evenif引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，在when,before,until(till),assoonas,themoment,once引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，如果主句是將來時（往往出現(xiàn)will/shall/can/must），從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。（即“主將從現(xiàn)”）如：①I’llgowithyouassoonasIfinishmywork.②Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactory

closes.2021/3/9173.進(jìn)行時將來：表示計(jì)劃、安排要做的事。如：I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.Iam

takingmymum.—WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?—Ihadjustfinishedmyworkandwasstartingtotakeashower.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane________.A.takesoffB.istakingoffC.hastakenoffD.tookoff2021/3/9184.betodosth.①表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事WhenareyoutoleavefortwodaystoNewYork?Sheistogetmarriednextmonth.注：was/weretodosth.表示“命中注定要發(fā)生的事”;was/weretohavedone則表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃。Weweretohavetoldyou,butyouwerenotin.2021/3/9194.betodosth.②表示“指令”，相當(dāng)于should,oughtto,must,haveto。例如：Youaretoreporttothepolice.你應(yīng)該報(bào)警。Thebooksinthisroomarenottobetakenoutside.(Thebooksinthisroommustn’tbetakenoutside.)這個室內(nèi)的書籍不得帶出室外。③表示“想，打算”，相當(dāng)于intend,want。例如：Ifwearetobetherebeforeten,we’llhavetogonow.2021/3/9204.betodosth.④用于第一人稱疑問句，表示征求對方意見。如：Whatarewetodonext?⑤在與be連用的結(jié)構(gòu)中，see,find,congratulate的不定式被動式有特殊的用法。Thenewsistobefoundintheeveningpaper.Heisnowheretobeseen.Youaretobecongratulated.應(yīng)當(dāng)向您表示祝賀。

2021/3/9215.will/shall

will的特殊用法：可以用于表示事先未考慮過，即說話時臨時想到的。Eg.---you’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.Iwillgoandturnitoff.2021/3/9226.begoingtodosth.

表示意圖、打算或有跡象發(fā)生某事；但begoingto

不能用于條件狀語從句的主句中。Eg.Theyaregoingtogetmarriedsoon.Lookatthedarkclouds;it’s

goingtorain.Ifitisfine,we’re

goingtogofishing.()注：was/weregoingtodosth.表示過去將來或表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法。---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---Iwasgoingto,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.2021/3/9237.beabouttodosth.when…=beonthepointofdoingsth.when…“即將做某事這時…”Eg.Hewasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.2021/3/924將來進(jìn)行時：表示將來某一時刻正在發(fā)生的動作；也可表示按計(jì)劃去做某事。1.Shewon’tbeabletocomenextweek,becauseshe___herselfinMountTaithen.enjoysB.willbeenjoyingC.isenjoyingD.willhaveenjoying2.---DidyouwritetoPeterlastmonth?---No,butI___himthisJune.A.willbeseenB.willbeseeingC.willhavebeenseeingD.willhaveseen2021/3/925將來完成時：表示將來某一時刻已經(jīng)完成的動作Bythetimehefinishesthepart-timejob,he___muchworkexperience.willgainB.willhavegainedC.hasgainedD.hadgained2021/3/926約定俗成的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：①(This)It

is/was

thefirsttimethat…h(huán)avedone/had

done…ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.②Itwas/hadbeen+一段時間+since…h(huán)addone…Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.(試比較：Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since…did…)2021/3/927約定俗成的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：③beabouttodo/beonthepointofdoingsth…when…意為“即將……（這時）突然……”Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.④be(was/were)+doing…when…

意為“正在干……（這時）突然……”。如TheywerereadingwhenTomshoutedinpain.⑤Hardly/Nosoonerhad…done…when/than…did…

表示“剛剛……就……”。Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.2021/3/928約定俗成的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：⑥Itwill

be/was+一段時間+before…do/did...如：Itwon’tbelongbeforehesucceeds.Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.2021/3/929被動語態(tài)：常用的九種被動語態(tài)形式1、am/is/aredone（一般現(xiàn)在時）2、was/weredone（一般過去時）3、will/shallbedone（一般將來時）4、wouldbedone（過去將來時）5、am/is/arebeingdone（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時）6、was/werebeingdone（過去進(jìn)行時）7、has/havebeendone（現(xiàn)在完成時）8、hadbeendone（過去完成時）9、情態(tài)動詞bedone（情態(tài)動詞）2021/3/930被動語態(tài)：Thatoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.

Thedoctorhasbeensentfor.

Timemustbemadegooduseof.

Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible.Badhabitshavebeendoneawaywith.

注：…beseen/heard/noticed/felt/watched/observed/made/hadtodosth.Tomwasmadetorecitethosedullpoems.2021/3/931被動語態(tài)：“get+過去分詞”也可以表示被動，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化，如：Shegotmarriedlastweek.Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled.2021/3/932主動形式表被動意義：1．系動詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,remain,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Ithasgonebad.2．表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動的動詞。如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.2021/3/933主動形式表被動意義：3．表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞。如read,write,iron,cut,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。這類動詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常用一個修飾語。如：Thiscoatdrieseasily.這種外衣容易干。Nyloncleanseasily.尼龍容易洗干凈。Thedoorwon’tlock.這門鎖不上。Yourspeechreadswell.你的演說講得好。Thismaterialhas