高考英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法

Wordformationindependenceindependence(前綴）（后綴）(詞根)Words1.Basicwords(基本詞）2.Shorteningwords（縮略詞）3.Combiningwords（合成詞）4.Blendingwords（拼綴詞）5.Shiftingwords（轉(zhuǎn)類詞）1.Derivation（派生）2.Composition(合成）1.prefixes(前綴）2.suffixes（后綴）1.合成名詞2.合成形容詞3.合成動(dòng)詞4.合成副詞5.合成代詞(1)轉(zhuǎn)化:同一個(gè)單詞由一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類water水(名)---water澆水(動(dòng))(2)派生：通過(guò)給一個(gè)單詞加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)單詞前綴：happy---unhappy后綴：happy---happinessinter--之間的，相互的

internationaltele–遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)距離

telephone,telegraph,televisionco—共同，合作

coworker,cooperatesuper—超級(jí)

supermarket,superstar,superman前綴：trans—跨越，移

transfusion,transplant,transportsub—下面的

subwaybio—生命，生物

biology,bioengineering,biophysicse–電子的

e-mail,e-school前綴意義例詞a-n./v在……上；向……；在……狀態(tài)中asleep,alone,ahead,afraid,alive,aloud,aside,awake,etc.dis-v.否定，除去，分開disappear,dislike,disagree,discover,disappoint,etc.in-,il-,im-,ir-+adj.不，非incorrect,impolite,impossible,illegal,irregular,etc.mis-v.誤mistake,misunderstand,mislead,misread,etc.re-v.重復(fù)，再rewrite,retell,reunite,rebuild,remarry,etc.non-+n./adj.非。無(wú)。不non-stop,non-smoker,non-smoking,etc.un-adj不unwell,unsafe,unable,unhealthy,unknown,unfair,er-+n./adj.在……內(nèi)，相互，……之間international,inter-factory,etc.en-n.adj.置于……之中，使之……enjoy,encourage,enlarge,enable,etc.micro-n.微，小microcomputer,etc.mini-n.小，少minibus,miniskirt,etc.后綴派生詞

名詞v.–er/or表人或用具farmer,baker,visitor,cooker,cutter,etc.n.-ese某國(guó)，某地人chinese,Japanese,Portugese,etc.n.-ian某國(guó)，某地人；某種職業(yè)或地位的人musician,Egyptian,Asian,Russian,etc.n.-ist某種主義或職業(yè)者artist,scientist,communist,etc.v.-ment行為或其狀態(tài)government,movement,achievement,etc.adj.-ness性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)illness,sadness,carelessness,etc.v.-tion行為，狀態(tài)invention,liberation,organization,etc.v./adj.-ance/ence抽象；行為。性質(zhì)。狀態(tài)importance,appearance,absence,existence,difference,performance,presence,etc.n.-th性質(zhì)，情況depth,length,width,etc.n.-ful（滿的）量handful,spoonful,mouthful,etc.adj.-ability抽象；性質(zhì)。狀態(tài)possibility,disability,etc.形容詞n.–al屬于……的physical,national,political,etc.n.-an屬于某地方的American,African,Italian,etc.n.-ern方向及性質(zhì)southern,northern,eastern,western,etc.n.–ful/less（沒(méi)）有……的helpful,useful,hopeful,harmful,careless,homeless,hopeless,etc.n.-ble具有……性質(zhì)的reasonable,terrible,changeable,etc.n.-ish如……的foolish,English,Spanish,selfish,etc.v.-ive有……傾向的active,expensive,attractive,etc.n.-y多……的cloudy,windy,dirty,snowy,stormy,etc.n.-en由……制成的golden,wooden,woolen.etc.n.-ous有（性質(zhì)）的famous,dangerous,poisonous,etc.-fy…….化beautify,satisfy,terrify,etc.-ize使成為……apologize,realize,recognize,etc.-en使變成……thicken,deepen,widen,etc.-ly狀態(tài)，程度badly,truly,angrily,perfectly,etc.-ward(s)向……towards,forward,outward,upwards,etc.后綴：--lyextremely,friendly--edmanned(3)合成與縮寫high+technology---hi-techbroad+band---broadbandbreak+through---breakthroughChineseSpaceAgency---CSA（中國(guó)航天局）information+technology---IT(信息技術(shù)）showcase展示outstanding杰出的breakthrough突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn)anstrengthenBTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTULbythewayberightbackfacetofaceIseeIseeyou.我找你．AreyouOK?thankstalktoyoulaterGuessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords1.Manycountriesimportmostoftheoiltheyuse.2.Hestudiedbiophysicsatcollege.3.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowto

cooperatewithothers.4.Allyourluggagewillbetransportedtothedestinationbytrain.5.Mycousinhasanexcellentvoice.Herdreamistobecomeasuperstar.

進(jìn)口

生命物理

合作

運(yùn)輸明星trans--graphtele-super-co-vis-bio-sub--port-carryseebelowlifetogether/withmorethanusualfaracrosswritingMatchtheprefixorsuffixwiththe