大學(xué)英語四級歷年真題及詳解

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Part

Ⅰ

Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellabicycleyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,features,conditionandprice9andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast

120

wordsbutnomorethan

180

words.【審題構(gòu)思】題目要求考生寫一則賣二手自行車的廣告。廣告內(nèi)容包括自行車的品牌、特點、情況和價格以及自己的聯(lián)系方式。題目要求的這些信息必須涵蓋在作文中，考生可以適當(dāng)增加一些內(nèi)容，如自己的個人信息、賣二手自行車的原因等?！緟⒖挤段摹縐sedbicycleonsale(1)

AusedCanyonbikeisonsale!

(2)

Thoughused,it’sstillafastandreliableroadbike,foritiswellmaintained,perfectforanystandardofriders(beginnerrightthroughtocompetitiveclubcyclists)withsuitableseatandstrongtires.(3)

Thebikewasboughttwoyearsagofor1000yuan,anditisnowsoldatonly388yuan

(soitisarealbargain!Besides,thepriceisnegotiable)!(4)

Iwantthisbiketobesoldasquicklyaspossible,forIamaseniorstudentwhoisabouttograduateandleavethecampusinthenearfuture.

(5)

Pleasefeelfreetocontactmeifyouareinterestedinthisbike.

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutmoredetailsofthebike,pleasecontactmea【行文點評】(1)開門見山，介紹自行車品牌。(2)讓步狀語從句，且though引導(dǎo)的從句因為與主句主語相同，省略了主語和be動詞。(3)使用了被動語態(tài)。(4)介紹了自己的個人信息和出售二手自行車的原因。(5)使用了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。feelfreetodosth.隨意，盡管。Part

Ⅱ

ListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1

A)Theself-drivingsystemwasfaulty.B)Thecarwasmovingatafastspeed.C)Themaninthecarwasabsent-minded.D)Thetestdrivermadeawrongjudgment.2

A)Theyhavegenerallydonequitewell.B)Theyhavecausedseveralseverecrashes.C)Theyhaveposedathreattootherdrivers.D)Theyhavedonebetterthanconventionalcars.【答案與解析】1

D

錄音中提到，測試人員認(rèn)為公交車會減速或停下，以便讓自動駕駛汽車并入車流因此并沒有轉(zhuǎn)換到人工駕駛模式。所以測試人員判斷失誤是導(dǎo)致事故發(fā)生的原因。2

A

錄音末尾提到“Thecompany’sself-drivingcarshavedonewelloveramillionmilesacrossvariousstatesintheUS,anduntilnowhaveonlyreportedminoraccidents.”，谷歌的自動駕駛汽車在美國各州超過100萬英里的行駛里程中運行良好，目前也只是出現(xiàn)過小事故?！句浺粼摹縊neofGoogle’sself-drivingcarscrashedintoabusinCalifornialastmonth.Therewerenoinjuries.ItisnotthefirsttimeoneofGoogle’sfamedself-drivingcarshasbeeninvolvedinacrash,butitmaybethefirsttimeithascausedone.OnFebruary14ththeself-drivingcar,travelingat2mph,pulledoutinfrontofapublicbusgoing15mph.[1]ThemanintheGooglevehiclereportedthatheassumedthebuswouldslowdowntoletthecarout,andsohedidnotswitchtothemanualmode.

Inastatement,Googlesaid,“Wedearlybearsomeresponsibility,becauseifourcarhadn’tmoved,therewouldn’thavebeenacrash.[1]

Thatsaid,ourtestdriverbelievedthebuswasgoingtosloworstoptoallowustomergeintothetraffic,

andthattherewouldbesufficientspacetodothat.”[2]

Thecompany’sself-drivingcarshavedonewelloveramillionmilesacrossvariousstatesintheUS,anduntilnowhaveonlyreportedminoraccidents.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1

AccordingtoGoogle,whatwasthecauseoftheaccident?2

HowhaveGoogle’sself-drivingcarsperformedsofar?

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3

A)Heisaqueenbeespecialist.B)Heworksatanationalpark.C)Heremovedthebeesfromtheboot.D)Hedrovethebeesawayfromhiscar.4

A)Theyweremakingalotofnoise.B)Theywerelookingafterthequeen.C)Theyweredancinginauniqueway.D)Theywerelookingforanewboxtolivein.【答案與解析】3

B

錄音中提到“TomMoses,whoworksatanearbynationalpark...”表明Tom是在附近的國家公園工作。4

A

錄音中提到“Theywereveryclosetogetherandtherewasalotofnoiseandmovement.”表明那群蜜蜂聚集在一起，發(fā)出很多噪音，飛來飛去?！句浺粼摹縏housandsofbeesleftatownafterlandingonthebackofacarwhentheirqueengotstuckinitsboot.[3]

TomMoses,whoworksatanearbynationalpark,

noticeda“brownpatch”onthebackofthecaraftertheownerparkedittodosomeshopping.Whenhelookedcloser,herealizeditwasahugegroupofbees.Mosessaid,“I’veneverseenthatmanybeesinonespot.Itwasveryunusual.[4]

Theywereveryclosetogetherandtherewasalotofnoiseandmovement.

Itwasinterestingtoseesuchastrangesight,buttherewerealotofpeoplearoundandIwasabitworriedaboutthebeesandthepeoplestoppingtolook.Ithoughtthatsomeonemightdosomethingstupid.”Mosescalledtwolocalbeespecialistswhohelpedremovethebeesbyattractingthemintoabox.Mosesspentthreehourslookingafterthebeesandwasstungfivetimes.Hesaid,“mystingsareabitpainfulbutTmpleaseditallworkedoutandIcouldhelp.Peopleneedtorealizethatbeesarevaluableandtheyshouldbelookedafter.”Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3

WhatdowelearnaboutTomMoses?4

Whatdoweknowaboutthebeesonthebackofthecar?

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5

A)Thelatesttestonarareanimalspecies.B)Thefindingoftwonewspeciesoffrog.C)Thesecondtriptoasmallremoteisland.D)Thediscoveryofanewspeciesofsnake.6

A)Hefellfromatallpalmtreebyaccident.B)Asnakecrawledontohisheadinhissleep.C)Hediscoveredararefrogonadesertedisland.D)Apoisonoussnakeattackedhimonhisfieldtrip.7

A)Fromitsorigin.B)Fromitslength.C)Fromitscolour.D)Fromitsgenes.【答案與解析】5

D

錄音中提到，科學(xué)家在巴哈馬群島某個偏遠小島上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的蛇類，之后報道了科學(xué)家對這一新物種的研究過程。由此可知，新聞的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于一種新物種蛇的發(fā)現(xiàn)。6

B

錄音中提到“Oneofthecreaturesmadeadramaticappearancebymovingontotheheadoftheteamleaderasheslept.”，有條蛇爬到了正在睡覺的科學(xué)團隊隊長的頭上。7

C

錄音中提到“ThesnakehasbeennamedSilverBoabecauseitismetal-coloredandthefirstspecimenfoundwasclimbingasilverpalmtree.”，科學(xué)家把新物種的蛇命名為銀蟒，主要是因為它們的顏色類似金屬。【錄音原文】[5]

AnewspeciesofsnakehasbeendiscoveredonaremoteislandintheBahamas.

Scientistsidentified20oftheone-meter-longsnakesduringtwotripstotheCaribbeanislands.ThesecondtripwasmadeinOctoberlastyear.[6]

Oneofthecreaturesmadeadramaticappearancebymovingontotheheadoftheteamleaderasheslept.

[7]

ThesnakehasbeennamedSilverBoabecauseitismetal-coloredandthefirstspecimenfoundwasclimbingasilverpalmtree.

TheteamwasledbyDr.GrahamReynoldsfromHarvardUniversity.Thescientistconfirmedthesnakewasapreviouslyunknownspeciesafterconductingageneticanalysisoftissuesamples.Commentingonthefind,snakeexpertRobertHenderson,fromtheMilwaukeeMuseumofNaturalHistory,said,“Worldwide,newspeciesoffrogsarebeingdiscoveredanddescribedquiteregularly.Newspeciesofsnakes,however,aremuchrarer.”Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5

Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?6

Whatdowelearnaboutthescientificteamleader?7

Howdidthenewlydiscoveredcreaturegetitsname?

SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8

A)Theairportisalongwayfromthehotel.B)Hisflightisleavinginlessthan2hours.C)Hehastocheckalotofluggage.D)Thesecuritychecktakestime.9

A)Incash.B)Bycreditcard.C)Withhissmartphone.D)Withatraveler’scheck.10

A)Lookafterhisluggage.B)Findaporterforhim.C)Givehimareceipt.D)Confirmhisflight.11

A)Postingacommentonthehotel’swebpage.B)Stayinginthesamehotelnexttimehecomes.C)SigningupformembershipofSheratonHotel.D)Loadingherluggageontotheairportshuttle.【答案與解析】8

B

對話中，男士說自己要去機場，因航班離起飛時間不足兩小時，于是詢問女士快速到達機場的方法。9

B

對話中，女士詢問男士如何支付酒吧賬單，男士說用信用卡。10

C

男士說他需要收據(jù)這樣的話才能給公司報銷，所以男士需要女士出具收據(jù)。11

A

對話末尾，女士對男士說可以不可以方便時在酒店的網(wǎng)站上寫評論，這就是女士讓男士幫的忙?！句浺粼摹縒:

Didyouenjoyyourstaywithus,Mr.Brown?M:Yes,verymuch.Ihadawonderfultimehere.[8]NowI’mgoingtotheairport.Myflightleavesinlessthantwohours,socouldyoutellmewhat’sthequickestwaytogetthere?W:

Well,wecancallataxiforyou.Wealsohaveafreeairportshuttleservice.M:

Thatsoundsgreat.Butwilltheshuttlegetmetotheairportintime?W:

Yes,itshould.Thenextshuttleleavesin15minutes,andittakessome25minutestogettotheairport.M:

Fantastic!I’lljustwaitinthelobby.Willyoupleaseletmeknowwhenit’sleaving?W:

Ofcourse,sir.M:

NowIwouldliketosettlemymini-barbill.Howmuchisthat?W:

Let’ssee.Itcomesto$37.50.Howwouldyouliketopayforit?M:[9]

I’llpaywithmycreditcard.Thanks.

[10]

ButI’llneedareceiptsoIcanchargeittomycompany.W:

Absolutely!Hereyouare,sir.Ifyoulike,youcanleaveyourbagswiththeporterandhecanloadthemontotheshuttleforyouwhenitarrives.M:

Thatwouldbegreat.Thankyou.W:[11]

Wouldyouliketoleaveacommentonourwebpagewhenyouhavetime?M:

Sure.IhadareallygoodstayhereandI’dliketorecommendyourhoteltomyfriendsandcolleagues.W:

That’sverykindofyou.ThankyouagainforstayingatSheratonHotel.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8

Whydoesthemanaskaboutthequickestwaytotheairport?9

Howisthemangoingtopayhisbill?10

Whatdidthemanaskthewomantodo?11

Whatfavordoesthewomanaskoftheman?

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12

A)Hebecomestearfulinwind.B)Heistheonlyboyinhisfamily.C)Heishisteacher’sfavoritestudent.D)Hehasstoppedmakingterriblefaces.13

A)Warnhimofdangerbymakingupastory.B)Givehimsomecherrystonestoplaywith.C)Dosomethingfunnytoamusehim.D)Tellhimtoplayinherbackyard.14

A)Theycouldknockpeopleunconscious.B)Theycouldflyagainstastrongwind.C)Theycouldsometimesterrifyadults.D)Theycouldbreakpeople’slegs.15

A)Onewouldhavecurlyhairiftheyatetoomuchstalebread.B)Onewouldgotoprisoniftheyputastamponupsidedown.C)Onewouldhavetoshavetheirheadtoremoveabatintheirhair.D)Onewouldgetaspotontheirtongueiftheytoldaliedeliberately.【答案與解析】12

D

對話開頭說到，Ben不再做鬼臉了，因為老師嚇唬他說做鬼臉的時候風(fēng)一吹臉就會僵住不能動。13

A

男士說小孩子很容易相信大人的話，并舉例說Mary阿姨過去常說如果誤吞了櫻桃核，櫻桃樹就會從嘴里長出來。對話末尾更是說到“Butthat’showsomeparentstrytokeeptheirkidsfromdoingthewrongthingsorgettingintotrouble.”一些家長說那些嚇唬人的話，是為了防止孩子做錯事或惹上麻煩。14

D

對話中女士說到“Theonethatusedtogetmewasthatswanscouldbreakyourlegwithablowofthewing.”天鵝一扇動翅膀就會傷害到人的腿。15

C

對話末尾，男士說曾經(jīng)和妻子去露營，妻子一直擔(dān)心蝙蝠會飛到她的頭發(fā)里，是因為妻子的祖母曾對妻子說蝙蝠如果鉆進頭發(fā)，只能剃光頭驅(qū)趕?！句浺粼摹縈:[12]

Youknow,Ben’sgivenupmakingthoseterriblefacesheusedtomake.

Theotherday,hecamehomefromschoolalmostintears.Histeachersaidifhewentonlikethat,hisfacewouldgetstuckwhenthewindschanged.W:

Andhebelievedher?M:Yeah,heisonlyalittleboy.Don’tyourememberallthosethingsweusedtobelievewhenwewerelittle?[13]

IremembermyauntMaryusedtosayifyouswallowacherrystone,atreewillgrowoutofyourmouth.

AndI’mstillterrifiedtoday,sortofsubconsciously,youknow,ifIswallowonebymistake.W:Yeah,Isupposeyou’reright.[14]

Theonethatusedtogetmewasthatswanscouldbreakyourlegwithablowofthewing.M:

Theycan,can’tthey?Ialwaysthoughttheycould.W:

No,theyarenotthatstrong.Butthereisanotheroneevenmoreterrifying.Thatisifyouputapostagestamponupsidedown,you’llgotoprison.M:No,neverheardofthat,butmygrandmotherwasaterrorforthatkindofthing.Forexample,shewouldsayyou’llgetaspotonyourtongueifyoutellalie.Ifyoueatstalebread,yourhairwillcurl.Andhereisonemore.[15]

WewentonacampingtriponceinItalyandmywifespentthewholetimeworryingaboutbatsgettingintoherhair.

Shesaidhergrandmotherreckonedyouhadtoshaveyourheadtogetitout.Mywifewasreallyterrified.W:

Silly,isn’tit?Butthat’showsomeparentstrytokeeptheirkidsfromdoingthewrongthingsorgettingintotrouble.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12

WhatdoesthemansayaboutBen?13

WhatdidauntMarryusedtodowhenthemanwasachild?14

Whatdoesthewomanbelieveswanscoulddo?15

Whatdidthegrandmotheroftheman’swifesay?

SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16

A)Everythingseemedtobechanging.B)Peoplewereformalanddisciplined.C)Peoplewereexcitedtogotravelingoverseas.D)ThingsfromtheVictorianeracamebackalive.17

A)WatchingTVathome.B)Meetingpeople.C)Drinkingcoffee.D)Tryingnewfoods.18

A)Hewasinterestedinstylishdresses.B)Hewasabletomakealotofmoney.C)Hewasayoungstudentinthe1960s.D)Hewasamanfullofimagination.【答案與解析】16

A

錄音開頭說到“我”想回到20世紀(jì)60年代，因為當(dāng)時才20多歲，一切都變成新的了，表明很多東西都變了。17

B

錄音中提到，我們總是在外面與人見面，我們對交往的興趣比對吃喝的興趣更濃厚。所以那個時候與人在外面見面是十分流行的事。18

C

錄音中提到，“我”當(dāng)時是個學(xué)生，經(jīng)常在家里閑坐著?！句浺粼摹縄fIcouldgobackinhistoryandlivewhenIliked,Iwouldn’tgobackveryfar.[16]

Infact,I’dliketoreliveaperiodI’vealreadylived—the1960s.Iwasinmytwentiesandeverythingwasbeingrenewed.

PeoplewerecomingoutofaformalandalmostVictorianattitude,andyoureallyfeltanythingwaspossible.[17]

Meetingpeoplewasthething,andyouwenttocoffeebarswhereyoumetfriendsandspenttheevening.Thecinema,thetheater...allthatwasveryexcitingwithnewthingscomingout.Infact,weseemedtobeoutallthetime.

[18]

Idon’treallyrememberworking—ofcourseIwasastudent—orsittingaroundathomeverymuch.

Thatjustwasn’twherethescenewas,eveneating.Itwasthefirsttimeordinarypeoplestartedgoingouttoeat.Wewerebeginningtobeadventurousaboutfood,but[17]

weweremoreinterestedinmeetingpeoplethanineatingordrinking.

Anddress,yes,thatwastherevolution.Imeangirlswentaroundinreallyshortskirtsandworeflowersintheirhair.Andmenwereinjeans,andcouldweartheirhairlongtoo.Itwasawonderfulperiod.Itwaslikelivinginanageyoucouldneverhaveimagined,andthatneverhascomeback.Wedidn’thavemuchmoneybutitdidn’tmatter,andtherewasplentyofopportunitytodowhateveryoufeltlikedoing.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16

Whydoesthespeakersayhewouldliketorelivethe1960s?17

Whatdoesthespeakersaywasthemostpopularthingtodoatthattime?18

Whatdowelearnaboutthespeaker?

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19

A)Theyavoidlookingatthem.B)Theyrunawayimmediately.C)Theyshowangerontheirfaces.D)Theymakethreateningsounds.20

A)Itturnstoitsownerforhelp.B)Itturnsawaytoavoidconflict.C)Itlooksawayandgetsangrytoo.D)Itfocusesitseyesontheirmouths.21

A)Byobservingtheirfacialfeaturescarefully.B)Byfocusingonaparticularbodymovement.C)Bytakingintheirfacialexpressionsasawhole.D)Byinterpretingdifferentemotionsindifferentways.【答案與解析】19

A

錄音開頭說到“Dogs,man’sbestfriends,haveaclearstrategyfordealingwithangryowners—theylookaway.”如果主人生氣，狗會把目光移開。研究也表明，狗會避免與生氣的人類的眼神交流。20

D

錄音中提到“Whendogslookedattheexpressionsofangrydogs,theireyesrestedmoreonthemouth.”說明實驗對象（狗）看到狗生氣的表情時，它們就看著對方的嘴巴。21

C

錄音末尾提到，研究者們說狗通過整體地看人臉來判斷人的情緒，而不是只聚焦在人臉部的某一器官上。【錄音原文】[19]

Dogs,man’sbestfriends,haveaclearstrategyfordealingwithangryowners—theylookaway.Newresearchshowsthatdogslimittheireyecontactwithangryhumans.

Thescientistssuggestthismaybeanattempttocalmhumansdown.Thisbehaviormayhaveevolvedasdogsgraduallylearnedtheycouldbenefitfromavoidingconflictswithhumans.Toconductthetests,theUniversityofHelsinkiresearcherstrained31dogstorestinfrontofavideoscreen.Facialphotosofdogsandhumansweredisplayedonthescreenfor1.5seconds.Theyshowedthreatening,pleasantandneutralexpressions.Nearbycamerastrackedthedogs’eyemovements.Dogsinthestudylookedmostattheeyesofhumansandotherdogstosensetheiremotions.[20]

Whendogslookedattheexpressionsofangrydogs,theireyesrestedmoreonthemouth,perhapstointerpretthethreateningexpressions.

Andwhenlookingatangryhumans,theytendedtoturnawaytheirgaze.Dogsmayhavelearnedtodetectthreatsignsfromhumansandrespondbytryingtomakepeace,accordingtoresearcherSanniSomppi.Avoidingconflictsmayhavehelpeddogsdevelopbetterbondswithhumans.[21]

Theresearchersalsonotethatdogsscanfacesasawholetosensehowpeoplearcfeelingsinsteadoffocusingonagivenfeature.Theysuggestthisindicatesthatdogsaren’tsensingemotionsfromasinglefeature,butpiecingtogetherinformationfromallfacialfeaturesjustashumansdo.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19

Whatdodogsdowhentheyarefacedwithangryhumans?20

Whatdoesadogdowhenitseestheexpressionsofangrydogs?21

Howdoesadogsensepeople’sfeelings?

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22

A)Theyhavetolookforfoodandshelterunderground.B)Theytakelittlenoticeofthechangesintemperature.C)Theyresorttodifferentmeanstosurvivethebittercold.D)Theyhavedifficultyadaptingtothechangedenvironment.23

A)Theyhavetheirweightreducedtotheminimum.B)Theyconsumeenergystoredbeforethelongsleep.C)Theycanmaintaintheirheartbeatatthenormalrate.D)Theycankeeptheirbodytemperaturewarmandstable.24

A)Bystayinginhidingplacesandeatingverylittle.B)Byseekingfoodandshelterinpeople’shouses.C)Bygrowingthickerhairtostaywarm.D)Bystoringenoughfoodbeforehand.25

A)Tostaysafe.B)Tosaveenergy.C)Tokeepcompany.D)Toprotecttheyoung.【答案與解析】22

C

錄音中提到“Therearethreemainwaysthatanimalssurvivethecoldinwinter:sleep,adaptormigrate.”也就是說動物以三種方法度過寒冷的冬天：冬眠、適應(yīng)與遷徙。后面便詳細(xì)地說明了這三種方法。23

B

錄音中提到在冬天來臨之前，冬眠的動物會吃額外的食物來變胖，這樣可以在它們冬眠的時候給予它們能量。由此可知，冬眠的動物在冬眠時消耗的是冬眠前儲存的能量。24

D

錄音中提到老鼠這樣以適應(yīng)環(huán)境的動物在冬天之前會收集額外的食物并把食物藏起來，冬天到來后，它們再去藏食物的地方去吃這些食物。所以老鼠是提前在冬天到來之前儲存好食物。25

A

錄音結(jié)尾提到，為了安全一些鳥兒成群遷徙。【錄音原文】Winterinmanyplacesisverycold.Thereislotsofsnowaroundandthegroundfreezeswhichcanmakelifedifficultforanimals.Peopleincoldplacesliveinwarmhousesandhavelearnedtoadapt.Whatdoanimalsdo?[22]

Therearethreemainwaysthatanimalssurvivethecoldinwinter:sleep,adaptormigrate.

Someanimalssuchasbears,frogsandsnakes,sleepallwinter.Theysleepverydeeply,andneedlittleornofood.Whilesleeping,theirbodytemperaturedropsandtheirheartbeatslowsdown.[23]

Toprepareforthisbeforewinter,theseanimalseatextrafoodtobecomefatwhichgivesthemtheenergytheyneedwhiletheysleep.

Otheranimalsadapt,forexamplebystayingactiveinwinter.[24]

Itisoftenhardforthemtofindfood,sosomeanimalssuchasmicecollectextrafoodtobeforewinterandhideit.Whenwintercomes,theyreturntothehidingplacestoeatthefood.

Someanimalsgrowthickerfur,orliveintreeholesorundergroundtostaywarm.Somebirdsmigratebyflyingtoawarmerplaceforthewinter,wheretheycanfindmorefood.Someflyverylongdistances,includingonekindofbirdthatfliesfromtheremotenorthoftheworldallthewaytothedistantsouth.[25]

Somebirdsflyingroupsforsafety,whileothersflyalone.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22

Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutanimalsinwinter?23

Whatdowelearnaboutanimalsthatsleepthroughwinter?24

Howdoanimalslikemiceadapttotheseverewinter?25

Whydosomebirdsflyingroupswhenmigrating,accordingtothespeaker?Part

Ⅲ

ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops(啤酒花),forexample,whichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area(26)_____recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasfirstmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda(27)_____ingredientinresidue(殘留物)from5000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhilediggingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompotsandvessels.Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers(28)_____theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient“beer-makingtools,”andtheearliest(29)_____evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To(30)_____thattheory,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried(31)_____insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikebarley(大麥),andabout10%werebitsofroots,(32)_____lily,whichwouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:thecropwasdomesticatedinWesternEurasiaanddidn’tbecomea(33)_____foodincentralChinauntilabout2,000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theyindicatebarleymayhave(34)_____intheregionnotasfood,butas(35)_____materialforbeerbrewing.A)arrivedB)consumingC)directD)exclusivelyE)includingF)informG)rawH)reachedI)relativelyJ)remainsK)resourcesL)stapleM)surprisingN)suggestO)test【答案與解析】26

I

句意：啤酒花這種給許多現(xiàn)代啤酒增添了一絲苦味的東西其實是在相對近的時間才加到啤酒中的。后一句提到了9世紀(jì)啤酒花第一次被提及可以用于啤酒釀造。這個“近”是相對的概念，故答案為relatively“相對而言、比較起來”。27

M

句意：今天，研究人員在有著5000年歷史的啤酒釀造設(shè)備的殘留物中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種驚人的成分。空格前面為不定冠詞“a”，后面是名詞“ingredient”，空格處需填修飾“ingredient”的形容詞。后文說到大麥的發(fā)現(xiàn)是“unexpectedfind”。所以此處應(yīng)該填表達驚訝的形容詞，故選surprising。28

N

句意：這些容器的不同形狀表明它們是用來釀造、過濾和儲存啤酒的。本句缺動詞，suggest“表明，顯示”，符合句意。29

C

句意：那些容器或許是古代的“釀酒工具”，是中國啤酒釀造最早的直接證據(jù)?？崭袂盀樾稳菰~最高級，空格后為名詞“evidence”，空格仍需填入形容詞修飾“evidence”。directevidence“直接證據(jù)”。30

O

句意：為了證實這一理論，研究小組檢測了容器內(nèi)黃色、干燥的殘留物。由空格前的“to”和空格后的“that”，可以判定空格處缺動詞原形，根據(jù)空格后的“theory”，選test“驗證”。31

J

句意：研究小組檢測了容器內(nèi)黃色、干燥的殘留物。由空格前的“dried”可以判定空格處缺名詞，根據(jù)語義，選remains“剩余物/沉淀物”。32

E

句意：科學(xué)家說其中約80%大部分谷粒來自像大麥這樣的谷類作物，另有約10%為小塊的根部，其中包括百合的根部，這會讓啤酒更甜。從語義上判斷，此處指的是“包括”。本句已有謂語，此處需填非謂語形式，再加上“bitsofroots”與“l(fā)ily”是主動關(guān)系，故此處填including。33

L

句意：據(jù)研究人員所述，這種作物在西歐亞大陸被培育出來，大約2000年前才成為中國中部地區(qū)的主食。由空格前的“a”和空格后的“food”，可以判定空格處缺形容詞，根據(jù)語義，選staple。staplefood“主食”。34

A

句意：根據(jù)這一時間估算，他們認(rèn)為大麥抵達該地區(qū)時可能并非作為食物，而是用作啤酒釀造的原料。根據(jù)句意，選arrived。35

G

句意：根據(jù)這一時間估算，他們認(rèn)為大麥抵達該地區(qū)時可能并非作為食物，而是用作啤酒釀造的原料。rawmaterial“原材料”。【全文翻譯】釀造啤酒的方法隨時間而改變。例如啤酒花這種給許多現(xiàn)代啤酒增添了一絲苦味的東西其實是在相對近的時間才加到這種飲品中去的。關(guān)于9世紀(jì)啤酒釀造的參考材料中首次提到這一點。今天，研究人員在有著5,000年歷史的啤酒釀造設(shè)備的殘留物中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種驚人的成分。在挖掘位于中國中部平原地區(qū)一處遺址的兩個坑點時，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了罐子和其他容器的碎片。這些容器的不同形狀表明它們是用來釀造、過濾和儲存啤酒的。研究人員在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》中這樣寫道，它們或許是古代的“釀酒工具”，是中國啤酒釀造最早的直接證據(jù)。為了證實這一理論，研究小組檢測了容器內(nèi)黃色、干燥的殘留物?？茖W(xué)家說其中約80%的大部分谷粒來自像大麥這樣的谷類作物，另有約10%為小塊的根部，其中包括百合的根部，這會讓啤酒更甜。大麥?zhǔn)莻€出乎意料的發(fā)現(xiàn)：據(jù)研究人員所述，這種作物在西歐亞大陸被培育出來，大約2000年前才成為中國中部地區(qū)的主食。根據(jù)這一時間估算，他們認(rèn)為大麥抵達該地區(qū)時可能并非作為食物，而是用作啤酒釀造的原料。

SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBlessingandCurseofthePeopleWhoNeverForgetAhandfulofpeoplecanrecallalmosteverydayoftheirlivesinenormousdetail—andafteryearsofresearch,neuroscientistsarefinallybeginningtounderstandhowtheydoit.A)Formostofus,memoryisamessofblurredandfadedpicturesofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclingontoourpast,eventhesaddestmomentscanbewashedawaywithtime.B)AskNimaVeisehwhathewasdoingforanydayinthepast15years,however,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork.“Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping,”heexplains.C)Veisehcanevenputadateonwhenthosetapesstartedrecording:15December2000,whenhemethisfirstgirlfriendathisbestfriend’s16thbirthdayparty.Hehadalwayshadagoodmemory,butthethrillofyoungloveseemstohaveshiftedagearinhismind:fromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinghiswholelifeindetail.“Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat.”D)Needlesstosay,peoplelikeVeisehareofgreatinteresttoneuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)專家)hopingtounderstandthewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople’sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity.E)‘Highlysuperiorautobiographicalmemory’(orHSAMforshort),firstcametolightintheearly2000s,withayoungwomannamedJillPrice.EmailingtheneuroscientistandmemoryresearcherJimMcGaughoneday,sheclaimedthatshecouldrecalleverydayofherlifesincetheageof12.Couldhehelpexplainherexperiences?F)McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.G)Itdidn’ttakelongformagazinesanddocumentaryfilm-make