人教版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性Unit1ScienceandScientists單元水平測(cè)試

第一單元水平測(cè)試時(shí)間：120分鐘滿分：150分英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題分，滿分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。Text1M：It'ssobeautiful!It'swhiteallover.W：Yes.Let'sgoandmakeasnowmanwhenitstopssnowing.1．What'stheweatherlikenow?A．Fine. B．Rainy.C．Snowy.答案：CText2M：Lucy,goanddoyourhomeworknow.W：OK,Dad.ButcanIfinishthisbookfirst?Thereareafewpagesleft.2．WhatisLucydoing?A．Readingabook. B．Doinghomework.C．Writingastory.答案：AText3W：It'salready3：25now.Let'sgoinside.M：Therearestillfiveminutesleftbeforethemoviebegins.Lilywillbehereanyminutenow.W：Idon'twanttomissthebeginning.I'llgofirst.3．Whendoesthemoviebegin?A．At3：25. B．At3：30.C．At3：35.答案：BText4W：Couldyoupassmeanapple?M：Sorry,butthereareonlytwopearsandonebananaleft.4．Whatdoesthewomanwanttoeat?A．Anapple. B．Abanana.C．Apear.答案：AText5W：Whereisyourfather?M：Hewasinhisstudyjustnow.Buthehasgonetothegarage.5．Whereistheman'sfatherprobablynow?A．Inhisstudy. B．Inthegarage.C．Inhisroom.答案：B第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題分，滿分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。Text6W：DoIneedtowearspecialbootsforhorse-ridinglessons?M：Yes,everyonedoes.Youmustalsowearahat.Wehavesomegoodonesattheridingschool,sodon'tworryaboutthat.W：Oh,good.Myfatherboughtmeahatlastweek,butit'snotcomfortable.M：Andit'salsoagoodideatowearsomegloves.W：That'sOK.I'vegotsomegloves.Mysisterhadsomeboots,buttheydon'tfitme.I'llhavetogototheshopsandgetsome.CanIwearmyjeans?M：Jeansarefine.6．Whywon'tthewomanwearherownhat?A．Itisuncomfortable. B．Itdoesn'tfither. C．Itisold.答案：A7．Whatwillthewomando?A．Tryonhersister'sgloves.B．Buyapairofboots. C．Changeherjeans.答案：B聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。Text7W：Excuseme.Canyoutellmeifthereisagasstationaroundhere?M：Yeah.Thereareafew.Theclosestoneisonlyacoupleofblocksaway,butit'salittleexpensive.Thecheapestoneisabouttwomilesfromhere.W：Well,IthinkIshouldjustgofortheclosestone!M：OK.Justgostraightuntilyouseethefirsttrafficlightsupthere.Takealeftturn,andgodownoneblock.You'llseethegasstationnearapostoffice.W：OK.Ishouldbeabletomakeit.8．Howfarisitfromheretothecheapestgasstation?A．Abouttwomiles. B．Aboutfivemiles.C．Acoupleofblocksaway.答案：A9．Whichonewillthewomangotofinally?A．Thecheapestone. B．Theclosestone.C．Themoreexpensiveone.答案：B10．Whereshouldthewomantakealeftturn?A．Atthegasstation. B．Atthepostoffice.C．Atthefirsttrafficlights.答案：C聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。Text8W：Henry,areyoureadyforthebeach?M：Yes,Kelly!HereIam!W：Henry,Icanhardlyseeyou.Youlooklikeyou'rewearingthesheetofaking-sizebed.M：Ineedtoprotectmyskin.I'mallergictothesun.W：Wecouldhavegonetoaswimmingpool!M：No!Idon'tevenliketoswim!IjustwanttotakealongwalkwhileIhearthewavesandsmellthesaltintheair.W：Howcanyousmellanythingwhenyou'vecoveredyourentireface?M：Let'sjustgetinthecar.Weonlyhaveonedayoff.Idon'twanttowasteasecond.W：Didn'tyouhearthenewmanager?Wehavetwodaysoff.M：What?Oh,great!Twodaysbythesea!W：Tomorrow'ssupposedtorain.I'mgoingtostayhome.M：Suityourself.Rainorshine,I'mgoingbacktothebeach.W：Ryanisusingmycartomorrow.Ican'tgiveyouanotherride.M：I'llbikethere.W：Ineverknewyoulikedthebeachsomuch.M：It'snotgenerallysomethingItalkaboutattheoffice.I'mjusttoobusy.W：Ineverknewyouweresosensitivetothesuneither.M：That'swhyIhavecurtainsinmyoffice.11．WhatwillHenrydoatthebeach?A．Goswimming. B．Gowalking.C．Gobiking.答案：B12．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Colleagues. B．Classmates.C．Managerandcustomer.答案：A13．Whywon'tKellygotothebeachtomorrow?A．Itwillrain.B．Shehastowork.C．Sheissensitivetothesun.答案：A聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。Text9M：Thereisabrilliantdrawingandwritingcompetitioninthismagazine,Anna.W：Whatdoyouhavetodraw,Greg?M：Amonster...somethingstrangethatlivesonthemoonorsomething.W：Sodoyouhavetowriteaboutthemonstertoo?M：Yes.Themonster'sageisn'timportant,butyouhavetochooseanameforit.W：Andshoulditbebig?M：Youdon'thavetowriteabouthowbigitis...W：OK.M：Butyoudohavetosaywhatspecialthingsitcando.W：OK.Howmanywordscanyouwrite?M：Youhavetowritemorethan50butlessthan150.W：Aren'tyoutoooldtodrawmonsters.Greg?You'refourteen!M：Iknow!Butthecompetitionisfor13-to-15-year-olds.W：OK.Whowillchoosethewinner?Acartoonartist?M：No,awriter...andthere'llbeaphotographofthewinnerinthemagazine.W：Wow!What'sthefirstprize?Notcinematicketsagain.M：It'smuchbetterthanthat—$50tospendinSuperStore.W：Oh!That'suseful.Ineedpencils,pensandanewschoolbag.PerhapsI'llenterthecompetition,too!14．Whatdoesthemanthinkisimportantaboutthemonster?A．Itsage. B．Itssize.C．Itsname.答案：C15．Howoldistheman?A．13yearsold. B．14yearsold.C．15yearsold.答案：B16．Whowillchoosethewinner?A．Acartoonartist. B．Awriter.C．Aphotographer.答案：B17．Whatisthefirstprize?A．Cinematickets. B．Anewschoolbag.C．$50tospendinSuperStore.答案：C聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。Text10FemaleScientistsWhoHaveChangedtheWorldTherearestillhundredsofrelatively-unknownwomenwhohavechangedtheworldwiththeirresearchthroughouthistory.TieraGuinnThis21-year-oldscientisthasn'tyetgraduatedfromcollege,butTieraGuinn'salreadydoingrocketscience.TheMITseniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.She'sanaerospacemajorwithhighcreditpointswhoalsoworksasaRocketStructuralDesignandAnalysisEngineerfortheSpaceLaunchSystemthataerospacecompanyBoeingisbuildingfortheUS.ElizabethBlackwellElizabethBlackwell,whowasborninBristol,Englandin1821,wasthefirstwomantograduatefrommedicalschoolintheUnitedStates,becameanactivistforpoorAmericanwomen'shealth,andwentontofoundamedicalschoolforwomeninEngland.JaneGoodallThemostfamousprimatescientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.AndGoodallwasn'tjustworkinginalab;sheclimbedtreesandimitatedthebehaviorofchimpsinTanzaniatogaintheirtrustandstudythemintheirnaturalhabitat.18．WhatisTieraGuinn'sgreatestachievement?A．Sheenteredthebestuniversityoftheworld.B．Shehasbeenlearningthenewestrocketscience.C．Shehashelpedbuildabigandpowerfulrocket.答案：C19．WhatisElizabethBlackwellfamousforinhistory?A．Shewasthefirstwomanwiththeadvancededucation.B．Shewasapioneerofthewomen'shealthintheUSandtheUK.C．Shefoundedthefirstwomen'sschoolintheUnitedKingdom.答案：B20．Whomadeagreatcontributiontotheanimal-protectionmovement?A．TieraGuinn. B．JaneGoodall.C．ElizabethBlackwell.答案：B第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMuchoftoday'sscienceofphysicsisbasedonNewton'sdiscoveryofthethreelawsofmotionandhistheoryofgravity.Newtonsaid,“IfIsawfurtherthanothermen,itwasbecauseIstoodontheshouldersofgiants.”O(jiān)newasthegreatItalianscientist,Galileo.AnotherwasthePolishscientistNicholasCopernicus,whohadbegunascientificrevolution.Itledtoacompletelynewunderstandingofhowtheuniverseworked.GalileocontinuedandexpandedtheworkofCopernicus.Newtonbuiltontheideasofthesetwoscientistsandothers.Hefoundandprovedtheanswersforwhichtheysearched.IssacNewtonwasborninWoolsthorpe,England,onDecember25th,1642.Hewasbornearlyandnooneexpectedhimtosurvive.Heliveduntilhewas84.Hisfatherdiedbeforehewasborn.Hismothermarriedagain.Helivedwithhisgrandmaonthefamilyfarm.Asaboy,helikedtomakethings.Healsodecidedtofindadifferentwaytomeasurethespeedofthewind.Onawindyday,hemeasuredhowfarhecouldjumpwiththewindathisback.Thenhemeasuredhowfarhecouldjumpwiththewindinhisface.Fromthedifferencebetweenthetwojumps,hemadehisownmeasureofthestrengthofthewind.Strangely,Newtonbecameamuchbetterstudentafteraboykickedhiminthestomach.Theboywasoneofthebestofthestudentsintheschool.Newtondecidedtogetevenwithhimbygettinghighermarksthantheboykickinghim.Newtonbecamethetopstudentattheschoolverysoon.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了有關(guān)牛頓三大理論來(lái)源及對(duì)牛頓的簡(jiǎn)介。1．Asaboy,whatwasNewtonlike?A．Hewastooweaktosurvive.B．Hewasdeterminedtostudymath.C．Helikedtofindoutnewwaystosolveproblems.D．Hetendedtostudymathonthefamilyfarm.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“Asaboy,helikedtomakethings.Healsodecidedtofindadifferentwaytomeasurethespeedofthewind.”可以看出牛頓小時(shí)候喜歡找出解決問(wèn)題的新方法。故選C。2．WecanknowfromthetextthatthetheoriesofNewton,Galileo,andCopernicusfocuson.A．howtheuniverseworksB．thethreelawsofmotionC．a(chǎn)scientificrevolutionD．thetheoryofgravity答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四、五、六句“AnotherwasthePolishscientistNicholasCopernicus,whohadbegunascientificrevolution.Itledtoacompletelynewunderstandingofhowtheuniverseworked.GalileocontinuedandexpandedtheworkofCopernicus.”可知，牛頓、伽利略和哥白尼的理論關(guān)注的是宇宙如何運(yùn)作。故選A。3．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Oneofthehistory'sgreatestscientistsB．IssacNewton—History'sgreatestscientistC．Oneoftheworld'sgreatestscientists,IssacNewtonD．IssacNewtonandhislaws答案：C標(biāo)題判斷題。閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了世界上最偉大的科學(xué)家之一——牛頓。故選C。BJamesGross,apsychologyprofessoratStanfordUniversity,hasa13-year-olddaughterwholovesmathandscience.“Ithasn'toccurredtoheryetthat'sunusual，”hesays.“ButIknowinthenextcoupleofyears,itwill.”She'salreadybeingpulledoutofclasstodoadvancedthingswithacoupleofotherkids,whoareguys.Andassomeonewhostudieshumanemotionforaprocession,Grosssays,“Iknowastimegoeson,shewillfeelincreasinglylonelyasagirlwho'sinterestedinmathandscience,andbeatriskofnarrowingherchoicesinlifebeforefindingouthowfarshecouldhavegone.”Gross'concernclearlyshowswhathasbeenatouchysubjectintheworldofscienceforalongtime:Whyaretherestillsofewwomeninscience,andhowmightthataffectwhatwelearnfromresearch?Womennowmakeuphalfthenationalworkforce,earnmorecollegeandgraduatedegreesthanmen,andbysomeestimatesrepresentthelargestsingleeconomicforceintheworld.Yetthegendergapinsciencepersists,toagreaterdegreethaninotherprofessions,particularlyinhigh-end,math-intensivefieldssuchascomputerscienceandengineering.AccordingtoUSCensusBureaustatistics,womeninfieldscommonlyreferredtoasSTEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics)madeup7percentofthatworkforcein1970,afigurethathadjumpedto23percentby1990.Buttheriseessentiallystoppedthere.Twodecadeslater,in2011,womenmadeup26percentofthescienceworkforce.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)科學(xué)界一直存在的一個(gè)敏感話題：為什么科學(xué)界的女性仍然如此之少，而這又會(huì)如何影響我們從研究中獲得的知識(shí)呢？4．AccordingtoJamesGross,inthenearfuturehisdaughtermay.A．becomeagreatscientistB．feellonelyandhavefewerchoicesC．bepulledoutofclasswithsomeguysD．learnmathandsciencebetterandbetter答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Iknowastimegoeson,shewillfeelincreasinglylonelyasagirlwho'sinterestedinmathandscience,andbeatriskofnarrowingherchoicesinlifebeforefindingouthowfarshecouldhavegone.”可知，隨著時(shí)間的推移，作為一個(gè)對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)感興趣的女孩，她會(huì)感到越來(lái)越孤獨(dú)，有可能會(huì)限制她在生活中的選擇。故選B。5．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A．womenareclevererthanmenincollegeB．menrepresentthelargestsingleeconomicforceC．womenmakeupmorethan50%ofthenationalworkforceD．thenumberofwomengraduatingfromcollegeislargerthanthatofmen答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Womennowmakeuphalfthenationalworkforce,earnmorecollegeandgraduatedegreesthanmen”可知，現(xiàn)在女性占全國(guó)勞動(dòng)力的一半，比男性獲得更多的大學(xué)和研究生學(xué)位，由此可推斷出大學(xué)畢業(yè)的女性比男性的數(shù)量多，故選D。6．Howdoestheauthordevelopthelastparagraph?A．Byprovidingexamples.B．Bymakingcomments.C．Byfollowingtimeorder.D．Byexplainingtheprocess.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Accordingto...madeup7percent...in1970,...jumpedto23percentby1990...Twodecadeslater,in2011,womenmadeup26percent...”可知，1970年女性構(gòu)成這個(gè)領(lǐng)域勞動(dòng)力的7%,1990年攀升到23%,2011年占據(jù)了26%。由此可知作者是以時(shí)間為順序來(lái)展開(kāi)最后一段的，故選C。7．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyItIsImportanttoGetMoreWomenIntoScienceB．JamesGross,ConfusionAboutHisdaughterC．SituationofWomenintheWholeCountryD．FutureofWomenintheWorkforce答案：A標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知本文主要講述了長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)科學(xué)界一直存在的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象：科學(xué)界的女性較少。分析文章可知大學(xué)畢業(yè)的女性多于男性，但在高端的數(shù)學(xué)密集領(lǐng)域非常少。這更說(shuō)明這一領(lǐng)域需要更多的女性。分析選項(xiàng)中可知A項(xiàng)符合題意，故選A。C(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclass-roomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers，”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests，”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal？’Basically,it's‘I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.＋9mm]篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了美國(guó)一所中學(xué)與NASA合作的聯(lián)合科研項(xiàng)目，解決國(guó)際空間站中的細(xì)菌問(wèn)題。8．WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A．Theyarehardtogetridof.B．Theyleadtoairpollution.C．Theyappearindifferentforms.D．Theydamagetheinstruments.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，來(lái)自我們身體的微生物在太空站的表面增長(zhǎng)得很快，宇航員每周得花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間清理它們，由此斷定太空站里的細(xì)菌很難清除，故答案為A。9．WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A．Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B．Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.C．Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D．Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，HUNCH項(xiàng)目的目的是把學(xué)校教育與航天技術(shù)聯(lián)系在一起，故答案為D。10．WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A．Checktheirproduct. B．Guideprojectdesigns.C．Adjustworkschedules. D．Gradetheirhomework.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，NASA工程師親自檢查那些高中學(xué)生的產(chǎn)品，故答案為A。11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB．Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC．Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD．HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform答案：B標(biāo)題判斷題。本文主要介紹了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目：把高中的教室教學(xué)與太空的研究聯(lián)系起來(lái)，使學(xué)生們得到NASA工程師們的指導(dǎo)。因此在選標(biāo)題時(shí)既要有太空，還要有學(xué)生，選項(xiàng)B將其完美地結(jié)合了起來(lái)，故答案為B。D(2020·廣西柳州市高三上學(xué)期摸底考試)DrNancyRoman,bornin1925,whowascelebratedasapioneerforfemalescientistsandhadadvancedthelaunchoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope,diedonDec.25,2018.WhenNancyRomanaskedforpermissiontotakeasecondalgebra(代數(shù))courseinhighschool,ateacherdemandedtoknow“whatladywouldtakemathematicsinsteadofLatin”.Incollege,aprofessoradmittedthatheoftentriedtopreventwomenfrommajoringinphysicsbutNancystucktoit.AndafterreceivingDoctor'sdegreeinastronomy,shefoundaprofessionalhomeatNASA(美國(guó)宇航局).In1959,DrRomanbecamethefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters,arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders.DrRomanspentmuchofhercareerhelpingdevelop,fundandpromotetechnologythatwouldhelpscientistsseemoreclearlybeyondEarth'satmosphere.Buthermostwell-knownworkwasperhapsleadingtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope,thefirstmajortelescopetobesentintospaceforthepurposeofgatheringphotographsanddatafromtheuniverse.Shewas,therefore,namedas“themotherofHubble”.“Shemadeitpossibletogettheearlytelescopeupintospacetolearnwhatneededtobelearned，”saidsciencehistorianBobZimmerman,“andherhard-nosednaturehelpedgetthetelescopebuilt.”Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired,butwhenitdid,itsphotographsoftheuniversethrilledtheworld.“Iamglad，”sheoncetoldScience,“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了美國(guó)天文學(xué)家NancyRoman(南?！ち_曼)傳奇的一生。文章旨在告訴我們堅(jiān)持自己的夢(mèng)想，你一定會(huì)成為你想成為的那個(gè)人！12．Whatcanweconcludefromtheteacher'sreactiontoNancyRoman'sapplicationfortakingasecondalgebracourse?A．Theteacherdoubtedit.B．Theteacherdidn'tcareaboutit.C．Theteacheraccepteditatonce.D．Theteacherwasstronglyagainstit.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知在中學(xué)時(shí)當(dāng)NancyRoman請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)再參加代數(shù)課程時(shí)，一位老師要求知道“哪個(gè)女士會(huì)選擇數(shù)學(xué)而不是拉丁語(yǔ)？”可推知老師持懷疑的態(tài)度，故選A。13．WhatwasthemostfamousachievementofNancyRoman'swork?A．ShewasoneofthefoundersofNASA.B．Sheprovedtheblackholereallyexisted.C．Shewasthefirstfemaleastronomerintheworld.D．SheledtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也許是帶領(lǐng)設(shè)計(jì)哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡，這是第一個(gè)被送入太空的大型望遠(yuǎn)鏡，目的是從宇宙中收集照片和數(shù)據(jù)?！笨芍xD。14．WhendidDrNancyRomanprobablyretire?A．In1969. B．In1979.C．In1990. D．In2000.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired”(這種望遠(yuǎn)鏡直到1990年才發(fā)射升空，在Roman博士退休后的十多年)可推知選B。15．WhatcanwelearnfromDrNancyRoman'swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Shewasveryproudofwhatshehaddoneforthecountry.B．Shethoughthighlyofthepeoplewhohadn'tbelievedher.C．Shewasdelightedtohavebecomeanastronomerinspiteoftheprejudiceonher.D．Shehadhard-nosednatureandnevercaredaboutotherpeople'sopinions.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”(我不在乎那些告訴我不能成為天文學(xué)家的人。)可推知選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifsomeonetellsyoutorememberaphonenumberoraddress,itfeelslikeaneasytaskatfirst.Yourepeatthenumberstoyourself,eitheraloudorinyourmind.Butafterjustafewsecondsyoumightfindyourselfstartingtodoubtyourownmemory.16Thus,itwilltrytothrowawayinformationthatseemsoldorirrelevant.Therearewaysofhelpingourmindsretain(記住)information,however,andinthisactivityyouwillexplorewaysthatweloseandkeepmemories.Short-term,orworkingmemory,isawayofdescribingmostpeople'sabilitiestostoreasmallamountofinformationforabriefperiodoftimeinareadilyaccessibleform.17Peopledon'thavetostopandthinktoremembersomethinginshorttermmemory.18Suchtechniquesincludevisualizing(觀察)theinformationinasurprisingwayorlinkingpiecesofinformationtogethersothatoneremindsyouoftheother.Inthecaseofvisualizinginformation,thiscouldbeassimpleasrememberingyouparkedyourcaronthefifthfloorintheDsectionbypicturingfivedogssittinginyourcar!19Ifyouneedtopurchasecereal(谷物),milk,fruit,cheeseandeggs,youcouldimaginethecerealinabowl,withmilkpouringoveritandpiecesoffruitontop.Thenimaginecrackinganeggovereverything,andit'sfullofmeltedcheese!Thesemayseemsimpleorevensilly.20Inthisactivityyou'lltesttherecallofafewfriendsorfamilymembers,andlearnafewtricksforimprovingmemory!A．Therearemanytechniquesforimprovingmemory.B．Ourbrainisalwaysseekingnewandusefulinformation.C．Short-termmemoryhasashortdurationbutisquicklyandeasilyaccessed.D．Inaddition,linkinginformationcouldhelpyourememberyourgrocerylist.E．Retainingthatinformationoverlongerperiodsoftimebecomesdifficultyet.F．Yourshort-termmemoryhasalimitedamountofspacetostoreinformation.G．However,theyareprovedtobegoodwaysforimprovingmemorybyscientists.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一個(gè)關(guān)于記憶的科學(xué)項(xiàng)目。16．B根據(jù)空后“Thus,itwilltrytothrowawayinformationthatseemsoldorirrelevant.”(因此，它將試圖丟棄那些看起來(lái)過(guò)時(shí)或無(wú)關(guān)緊要的信息。)可知，我們的大腦總是在尋找新的、有用的信息。故選B。17．C根據(jù)空后“Peopledon'thavetostopandthinktoremembersomethinginshorttermmemory.”(人們不需要停下來(lái)，想在短期記憶中記住一些東西。)可知，短期記憶的持續(xù)時(shí)間很短，但很快就能被訪問(wèn)。故選C。18．A根據(jù)空后“Suchtechniquesincludevisualizing(觀察)theinformationinasurprisingwayorlinkingpiecesofinformationtogethersothatoneremindsyouoftheother.”(這些技術(shù)包括以一種令人驚訝的方式可視化信息或?qū)⑿畔㈡溄釉谝黄?，目的是讓你想起了另一個(gè)。)可知，有許多提高記憶的技術(shù)。故選A。19．D根據(jù)空后“Ifyouneedtopurchasecereal(谷物)milk,fruit,cheeseandeggs,youcouldimaginethecerealinabowl,withmilkpouringoveritandpiecesoffruitontop.”(如果你需要購(gòu)買谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和雞蛋，你可以想象一個(gè)碗里的谷物，牛奶倒在上面，上面有水果。)可知，此外，鏈接信息可以幫助你記住你的購(gòu)物清單。故選D。20．G根據(jù)空前“Thenimaginecrackinganeggovereverything,andit'sfullofmeltedcheese!Thesemayseemsimpleorevensilly.”(這些看起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單，甚至有些愚蠢。)可知下句應(yīng)該是與上句轉(zhuǎn)折的內(nèi)容，G項(xiàng)“然而，事實(shí)證明，它們是科學(xué)家提高記憶力的好方法?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選G。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Doyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientist?Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull21ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhicharenot22onobviousfacts,andthereforerefusestoacceptauthorityastheonlyreasonfortruth.Healwayschecksideas23andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto24asfarbackasthetimeofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford,wholivedbetweentheyears1214and1292.Hewasprobablythefirstinthemiddleagesto25thatwemustlearnsciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself26manyimportanttruths.Galileo(15641642),however,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly,France,Germany,andEngland,27begantoshowhowmanyimportant28couldbediscoveredbyobservationbydegrees.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmorerapidlytowardstheearththansmallones,29Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothe30oftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo31stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo's32ofgoingdirecttonature,andprovingour33andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathasledtoallthediscoveriesofmodernscience.What34thosepeoplegoodscientists?FromtheexampleofGalileo,weknowitclearlythatsuccessfulscientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave35betterresults.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)科學(xué)家應(yīng)該是一個(gè)很好的觀察者，不能盲目相信他人，應(yīng)該通過(guò)觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)獲得正確的觀點(diǎn)和理論。21． B．timeC．speed D．use答案：D結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指充分利用他所觀察的事實(shí)。此處makefulluseof意為“充分利用”，符合題意，故選D。22． B．basedC．insisted D．centered答案：B根據(jù)上文“Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhich”以及下文“onobviousfacts”可知，這里指的是以明顯的事實(shí)為依據(jù)。此處bebasedon意為“以……為基礎(chǔ)”，故選B。23． B．carefullyC．quickly D．secretly答案：B根據(jù)上文“Healwayschecksideas”以及下文“andmakesexperimentstoprovethem”可知，此處表示仔細(xì)地核實(shí)想法，故選B。24． B．keepC．look D．come答案：A根據(jù)下文“theyears1214and1292”可知，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起可以追溯到很早的時(shí)期。此處dateback是一個(gè)固定詞組，意為“追溯到”，故選A。25． B．suspectC．suggest D．conclude答案：C根據(jù)下文“wemustlearnsciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself26manyimportanttruths”可知，此處是他所建議的事情，故選C。26． B．a(chǎn)nnouncedC．handled D．discovered答案：D根據(jù)上文“experimentingonthethingsaroundus”以及下文“manyimportanttruths”可知，此處指的是他本人發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多重要的真理，故選D。27． B．whenC．that D．where答案：A根據(jù)上文“wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly”可知，此處是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是men，所以用who來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故選A。28． B．problemsC．truths D．subjects答案：C根據(jù)下文“couldbediscoveredbyobservation”可知，很多真理可以通過(guò)觀察得到發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選C。29． B．becauseC．when D．if答案：B根據(jù)下文“Aristotle(亞里士多德)saidso”可知，此處指的是因?yàn)閬喞锸慷嗟率沁@樣說(shuō)的，故選B。30． B．footC．top D．ceiling答案：C根據(jù)下文“oftheLeaningTowerofPisa”可知，此處指的是伽利略跑到了比薩斜塔的塔頂，故選C。31． B．smallC．equal D．unequal答案：D根據(jù)上文“l(fā)etfalltwo”以及下文“stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong”可知，此處表示使用了兩個(gè)不同重量的石頭，故選D。32． B．skillC．theory D．discovery答案：Aspirit“精神”；skill“技巧，技能”；theory“理論”；discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。這是伽利略探索自然的精神，故選A。33． B．opinionsC．world D．a(chǎn)bility答案：B根據(jù)下文“andtheoriesbyexperiment”中的theories(理論)相照應(yīng)。此處是指通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)和理論，故選B。34． B．preventsC．considers D．makes答案：D根據(jù)下文的“...successfulscientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave35betterresults”可知，此處是說(shuō)“是什么使這些人成為優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家？”故選D。35． B．rejectedC．produced D．challenged答案：C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處是指我們清楚地知道，成功的科學(xué)家是那些依據(jù)其觀測(cè)結(jié)果得出更好的結(jié)論的科學(xué)家。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousscientist.Whenhe36(ask)whyhewasabletosucceed,hegavetheanswer.Itallcamefromanexperiencewith37motherwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.“IwastryingtogetabottleofmilkfromthefridgewhenIlostthebottleanditfell,spilling(溢出)themilkalloverthefloor—aseaofmilk!Igot38(frighten)andIdidn'tknowwhattodo！”hesaid.Insteadof39(punish)him,hismotheraskedhimtoplayinthemilkforawhile.Thenshesaid,“Youknow,wefailedinhowto40(successful)carryabigmilkbottlewithtwotiny41(hand)justnow.Let'sgooutintheyardandfillthebottle42watertoseeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryit.”Thisfamousscientistthenremarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthathe43(know)hedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes44wereactuallyopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew.Eveniftheexperiment“doesn'twork”，weusuallylearnsomething45(value)fromit.36．0．4．45.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章分享了一位著名科學(xué)家成功的一個(gè)小故事。36．wasasked考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他被問(wèn)到為什么他能夠成功的時(shí)候，他給出了