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學術英語醫(yī)學AcademicEnglishforMedicine第一頁,共64頁。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesDespitetheprogressinmedicine,manydiseasesarestilluntreatableandincurable.Ithasbeengenerallyagreedthatpreventionismorecost-effectivethanthetreatmentofdiseases.Herecomesomefundamentalquestions:Whichplayamoreimportantroleincausinghumandiseases,genesorenvironmentalfactors?Whydopeoplewithgoodinterpersonalrelationshipslivehealthierandlonger?Whatarethemajorstepsindevelopinganewdrug?Inthisunit,wewillprobablyfindtheanswerstothesequestions.第二頁,共64頁。ListeningNote-takingFormsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三頁,共64頁。Listening
Note-takingFormsadvantages&disadvantagescause&effectclassification&definitioncomparison&contrastfacts&figuressequenceofeventsstagesofaprocessquestion&answertwo-columntablesspidergramtreediagram/spidergramtabletabletimelineflowchartheadings¬esUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四頁,共64頁。Listening
SuggestedanswersTask140,00056,300Measurestaken13-648222AfricanAmericansTakeCharge,TaketheTestgainedbisexualmendevelopmentofacomprehensiveHIVpreventionplanfortheunitedstatesUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五頁,共64頁。Listening
SuggestedanswersTask2expandaccesstoHIVincidencesurveillancesystemTargetingprecisioncompellingreasonsspecificinformationUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第六頁,共64頁。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBTextCListeningSpeakingWritingGet
readingforUnit9第七頁,共64頁。Lead-inIssuestobecoveredThecommonandspecialmeansoftreatmentandpreventionofdiseasesThedifferentrolesofgenesandenvironmentincausingdiseasesTherelationshipbetweeninterpersonalrelationshipandhealthThemajorstepsindesigninganddevelopingnewdrugsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第八頁,共64頁。Lead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluMyopiaHepatitisUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第九頁,共64頁。Lead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluvirusesrest,clearfluids,cooldampwashclothtoreducefever,warmblankettocalmchills,coughmedicine,antiviralmedications,usuallynoneedofantibioticsMyopiaprolongedclosework,excessivereadingcorrectivelenses,refractorysurgeryHepatitisviral(HBV,HCV,etc.),bacterial,parasitic,fungalinfectionsalcohol,autoimmune,inheritedantiviralmedicationsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十頁,共64頁。TextACriticalreadingandthinking–Topicsforpresentation–Knowledgeofthesubjectmatter–UsefulexpressionsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十一頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation1.HowwasTerry’slifebeforeshewasdiagnosedwithMS?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十二頁,共64頁。lovedpracticingTaeKwonDoattendedmedicalschool,practicedasaninternalmedicineresidency,becameanacademicgeneralinternistmarriedandgotasonandadaughter第十三頁,共64頁。multiplesclerosis:aseriousdiseaseofthenervoussystem,whichgraduallymakesapersonweaker,andsometimesaffectstheirsightorspeech.TheabbreviationMSisalsoused.多發(fā)性硬化癥第十四頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation2.WhatcausesMS?Howdoestheauthordescribethedevelopmentofhisillness?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十五頁,共64頁。boutIfyouhaveaboutofanillnessorofanunpleasantfeeling,youhaveitforashortperiod.〔疾病或不愉快情緒的〕發(fā)作Hewasrecoveringfromasevereboutofflu.我感到一陣緊張。Iwassufferingfromaboutofnerves.第十六頁,共64頁。relapse這種治療方法通常針對術后復發(fā)風險高的女性。
Thetreatmentisusuallygiventowomenwithahighriskofrelapseaftersurgery.Ifasickpersonrelapses,theirhealthsuddenlygetsworseafterithadbeenimproving.舊病復發(fā);再次發(fā)病In90percentofcasesthepatientwillrelapsewithinsixmonths.90%的病人在6個月內會再次發(fā)病。第十七頁,共64頁。CrossroadsAcrossroadsisaplacewheretworoadsmeetandcrosseachother.十字路口Turnrightatthefirstcrossroads.在第一個十字路口向右轉。Ifyousaythatsomethingisatacrossroads,youmeanthatithasreachedaveryimportantstageinitsdevelopmentwhereitcouldgoonewayoranother.(開展的)關鍵時刻,緊要關頭該公司顯然處于開展的關鍵時刻。Thecompanywasclearlyatacrossroads.第十八頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation3.WhatdidTerrydobeforeheself-experimented?
(7-8para.)BeganhisownstudyoftheliteratureReadingarticlesaboutnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels
Readingarticlesabout
neurodegenerationofall
types—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdiseaseUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十九頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsIhadonlytwooptions:accommodationandacceptanceofdeepeningdisabilitydespiteoptimaltreatment,orincreasedinvolvementinmyownhealthcare.(P55)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsIbeganmyownstudyoftheliterature,readingarticleafterarticleonPubMed,knowingthattheseedsfortoday’sclinicalcarewerelaidyears,sometimesdecadesearlierinthebasicscienceliterature.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十一頁,共64頁。AMagicBulletInmedicine,amagicbulletisadrugortreatmentthatcancureadiseasequicklyandcompletely.靈丹妙藥Amagicbulletisaneasysolutiontoadifficultproblem.妙招許多人都在尋找可以解決這個問題的良方。Alotofpeoplearelookingforsomesortofmagicbulletthatwillsolvethisproblem.第二十二頁,共64頁。Chorea:舞蹈癥第二十三頁,共64頁。Amyotrophic:
肌萎縮的Atrophy:
萎縮Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS)isachronicprogressiveneurodegenerativediseasebytheselectivedeathofmotorneurons.第二十四頁,共64頁。ImmerseHeimmersedhisfeetinwater.他把腳浸在水里。immerseoneselfin專心從事于;埋頭
Shewasimmersedinherwork.她埋頭工作。第二十五頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation4.HowdidTerrycarryouthisself-experimentation?
Whatweretheeffectsrespectively?
A.TakingvariousnutrientsB.Self-experimentationwithneuromuscularelectricalstimulationC.IntensivenutritionD.lookingmoredeeplyatthe
environmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms:Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十六頁,共64頁。…soItranslatedmouse-sizeddosestohumanones…However,althoughmydeclinehadslowed,Iwasstilldeclining.FDA:FoodandDrugAdministration美國食品藥品管理局第二十七頁,共64頁。
Protocol:1.議定書;協(xié)議;KyotoProtocol京都議訂書2.草案科學實驗報告〔或方案〕Studyprotocol研究方案第二十八頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingHetoldmethate-stim(ashecalledit)wasnotanapprovedtreatmentforMS...(P57)…therewasnoguaranteethatmybraincouldtalktothesenewmuscles.Mytherapistimplementedaprogramofe-stimcoupledwithdailyexercise.
Asgoodasthearticlewas,itdidnotlistallofthebuildingblocksneededforoptimalbrainhealth.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十九頁,共64頁。Coupledwith:Overuseofthosedrugs,coupledwithpoordiet,leadstophysicaldegeneration.過量使用那些藥物再加上飲食缺乏營養(yǎng),導致安康狀況惡化。賭博總是與犯罪相聯(lián)絡.Gamblingisalwayscoupledwithcrimes.第三十頁,共64頁。dailyregimen:日劑量假如進一步的工作證實了我們所看到的,我們可以為中風高危病人從理論上推薦日劑量的銀杏(ginkgo),作為防治腦損傷的方法。Iffurtherworkconfirmswhatwe‘veseen,wecouldtheoreticallyrecommendadailyregimenofginkgotopeopleathighriskofstrokeasapreventivemeasureagainstbraindamage.第三十一頁,共64頁。buildingblock:積木,構件;建筑砌塊;根底材料WorkgroupisthebasicbuildingblockofJapaneseorganizations.工作小組是日本組織的根本構造單元.第三十二頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterThemedicalliteraturedidn’thavethatinformation,nor
didtheregistereddieticianswithwhomIconsulted,nordidIseeitinthefoodscienceliterature.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十三頁,共64頁。Mouthful:一口;滿口;Savourtheflavourofeachmouthful,andchewyourfoodwell.細細品味每一口的味道,充分咀嚼。Shetookamouthfulofwater.她喝了一大口水。Handful:少量;一把〔的量〕Ahandfulof:第三十四頁,共64頁。Intervention:干預;介入治療;調停Medicalintervention:醫(yī)療介入;醫(yī)學干預;藥物干預;醫(yī)療干預Adoctormayadvisemedicalinterventioninadditiontochangesinbehaviorasawaytoloseweight.醫(yī)生有可能建議通過藥物干預和行為改變來減肥.第三十五頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation5.Whatarethemostcommonoffendersinfoodallergies?
Whatarethecommonmanifestationsoftoxicload?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十六頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation6.Howhastheself-experimentationchangedtheauthor?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesRecoveryofhisbodyChanginghowhepracticemedicine第三十七頁,共64頁。PromisingSomeoneorsomethingthatispromisingseemslikelytobeverygoodorsuccessful.很有前途的;前景很好的Sheisamongthemostpromisingplayersinheragegroup.她是所在年齡組中最有前途的選手之一。第三十八頁,共64頁。TextA
CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation7.Whatdoesthetitlemean?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesItistimewestopblamingourgenesandfocusonthe70%undertheindividual’scontrol.Thatistherealsolutiontothehealthcarecrisis.第三十九頁,共64頁。TextASuggestedanswersTask1OverviewCriticalreadingandthinking1.D2.literature,nutrients,stimulation,micronutrients,environmentalUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十頁,共64頁。TextATask1/Medicalterminology
EnglishChineseDefinition1treatmentofdiseasethroughtheuseofdrugs2thequalityofexistinginseveraldifferentforms3oforrelatingtoanimmuneresponsebythebodyagainstoneofitsowntissues,cells,ormolecules4epinephrine,ahormonesecretedbytheadrenalmedulla5apolymeroftwoormoredifferentmonomerspharmacotherapy藥物療法多態(tài)性polymorphism自體免疫的autoimmunecopolymer共聚物adrenaline腎上腺素SuggestedanswersLanguagebuilding-up2Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十一頁,共64頁。TextAEnglishChineseDefinition6asubstancethatimprovesthechemicalactivityofanenzyme7asubstancethatdestroysweeds8aspecialistininternalmedicine9anyofvariousdiseasescharacterizedbythickeningorhardening10theactorprocessoftesting,trying,orputtingtotheproofsclerosis硬化〔癥〕coenzyme輔酶herbicide除草劑internist內科醫(yī)生trial試驗Task1/MedicalterminologySuggestedanswers2Languagebuilding-upUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十二頁,共64頁。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageSequenceLanguagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersnextThen,UltimatelyAtfirst,EventuallyNowUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十三頁,共64頁。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersUltimately1Joggingleftmefirst.________,standingforanytimebecamedifficult._______,despitemyuseofthemostcurrentpharmacotherapies,walkingandevensittingwastiring,soIneededatilt-reclinewheelchair.(Para.5)
?2_______,IlookedforrecentarticlestestingnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels._______,realizingIcouldnotaccessthosedrugsunlessIwasinaclinicaltrial,Iturnedtoarticlesconcerningneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdisease.(Para.8) ThenAtfirstEventuallyUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十四頁,共64頁。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersNow3DeterminedtooptimizeeverythingIcouldtohelpmybrainheal,I_______lookedmoredeeplyattheenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms.(Para.15)?4_______Ifocusonteachingmypatientshowtooptimizetheirnutrition,reducetheirtoxicload,andreducetheirriskoffoodallergies.(Para.19) nextUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十五頁,共64頁。TextATask3/FormalEnglishParaphrasethefollowingsentencesfromTextAwithalessformalstyle.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersManythingshavehappenedsincethen.Iwenttoamedicalschool,completedaninternalmedicineresidency,andbecameamotherofasonandadaughter.
2.WhenImanifestedsymptomsofthefootdrop,Iwasdiagnosedwithmultiplesclerosis.
3.Heneverthelessallowedmeatestsession.Itdidhurtseverelyashepreviouslytoldme.
4.Iamagainexperimentingthreeyearsaftermyhealing.TheonlydifferenceisthatthistimeitisanIRB-approvedprotocolinsteadofself-experimentation.
Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十六頁,共64頁。TextCSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十七頁,共64頁。TextC
Task:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseSuggestedanswers通常在第二階段期間或即將完畢時,需要決定是否開場耗資宏大且消耗大量資源的第二階段b期和關鍵性的第三階段臨床試驗,這是藥物研發(fā)的第三個里程碑。在這個階段,顯然不僅要進展全面的醫(yī)學/科學分析,包括對該化合物性能的預判,還要進展全面的財務分析,這些工作是第三個里程碑的一部分。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十八頁,共64頁。SpeakingMakinganArgumentTaskandadditionalactivityUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十九頁,共64頁。Speaking
Makinganargument
1)thesisstatementorclaim2)evidencethatsupportstheclaim.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十頁,共64頁。Speaking
MakinganargumentExpressyouropinionItwouldseemtomethat…AsfarasI’mabletojudge,…Mybelief/interpretationis…FromwhatIunderstand,…AsIunderstandit,…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十一頁,共64頁。Speaking
MakinganargumentProvideevidenceAsevidencedin…Agoodcaseinpointis…
Considerthecaseof..,Anexamplecanbeseen…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十二頁,共64頁。Speaking
TaskWorkinpairstodebatewitheachotheronthefollowingtopicsbypracticingtheexpressionslistedabove.Shouldpatients’self-experimentationforacurebeencouraged?Shouldthetimerequiredforthedevelopmentofanewdrugbeshortened?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十三頁,共64頁。Speaking
AdditionalactivityAsanemergingbranchofscience,SocialNeuroscienceisunfamiliarandmysterioustomanypeople.Formgroupsof4-5tofindrelevantinformationaboutitandgetreadyforapresentationinclass.Thefollowingpromptsmaybehelpfultoyou:thedefinitionofSocialNeurosciencethemechanismthroughwhichbrain-to-brainlinkworkstheapplicationofsocialneurosciencetotreatmentofdiseasestheprospectsofSocialNeuroscienceUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十四頁,共64頁。WritingWritinganintroductionTaskUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十五頁,共64頁。Writing
ResearchPaperProject
CoverageoftheIntroductiontheliteraturereview;thedefinitionoftheproblem;thepurposeofthepresentstudy;thechoiceofmethods;thestatementofprincipalresultsandconclusionsWritinganintroductionUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十六頁,共64頁。Writing
ResearchPaperProject
GeneralguidelinesNottobetoolongNottocontaintoomuchhistoryandtoomanyreferencesGiveapunchAvoidwritingaverboseIntroductionthatwillmakereviewersmoan:“Whocare?〞——DanielW.Byme,1998,p103WritinganintroductionUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十七頁,共64頁。Writing
SuggestedanswersTask1YesYesYesYesYesNoNoUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十八頁,共64頁。Writing
SuggestedanswersTask2SimplepresentandpresentperfectBothherpessimplexvirustype1(HSV-1)andtype2(HSV-2)cancauseprimaryinfectionofthegenitaltract,andHSV-1infectionhasbecomeanincreasinglyfrequentcauseofgenitaldisease.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十九頁,共64頁。Writing
SuggestedanswersTask22
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