初中英語定語從句合萼狀語從句

從句學習定語從句與狀語從句定語從句Idon’tlikelazypeople.我不喜歡不守信用的人Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.兩個重要的概念先行詞關系詞AttributiveClause（定語從句）概念在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句.被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定語從句先行詞引導詞引導詞關系代詞:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose關系副詞:where﹑when﹑why關系詞在定語從句充當?shù)某煞?關系詞用作從句的主語簡單句變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句Thewomanisafamousdancerandshelivesnextdoor.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdancer.2簡單句合并為一個含有定語從句的句子Ilikeguysandtheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.關系詞用作從句中動詞的賓語i’reallyliketofindafriendandIcantrusthimcompletely.I’dreallyliketofindafriend…Icantrustcompletely.更多例句他是我見過的最好的法語老師HeisthebestgrammarteacherwhoIhaveeverseen.It’shardtohaveafriendwhoyoucantrustcompletely.Heisthestudentwhotheteacherlikestopraiseforhishardwork.關系詞用作從句中介詞的賓語I’mtalkingaboutfriendandyoucansharealmosteverythingwiththem.I’mtalkingaboutfriendwhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.Who充當介詞的賓語我這里說的朋友，是指那些你幾乎可以把一切與之分享的人。注意：定語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象作賓語的關系詞可以省去1I’dreallyliketofindafriend()Icantrustcompletely.2I’mtalkingaboutfriends()youcansharealmosteverythingwith.3IhopeIneverhaveaboss()Ican’ttalktoaboutmyproblems.注意：在從句中作主語的關系詞無法省去。比如：不能說Ilikeguys()haveagoodsenseofhumor.關系代詞與先行詞的搭配關系關系代詞：關系副詞：Whom,which,that,whose,when,where,why1先行詞指人,用關系代詞：whowhom2表示人或物的所有關系，用whose3先行詞指物，用關系代詞which4that可以指代人，也可以指代物。關系詞先行詞所指關系詞在句中作用關系代詞that人/物主、賓、表which物主、賓、who人主、賓whom人賓whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、賓、表關系副詞when時間時間狀語where地點地點狀語why原因原因狀語

關系詞的作用：

1、連接作用把主句和從句連接起來

2、替代作用

在從句中代替在它前面 的先行詞

3、成分作用

在從句中充當一個成分例

1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主語)例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(賓語,可省略)例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主語)例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(賓語,可省略)Titanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.which/that__________Beijingisthecityhasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.____thecity/getthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGameswhich/thatYeXinisanursediedinthefightagainstSARS.

anurse/dieinthefightagainstSARSwho/that1.Thegirl_______issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt__________Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel__________youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_______brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/thatwho/whom限制性與非限制性定語從句限制性:不用逗號隔開對一個名詞提供必要的信息，一說明定語從句所修飾的先行詞的身份和性質。Idon’tlikepeople.Idon’tlikepeoplewhoareneverontime.Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirwords.Therearetwofactors.Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Heisamanwhoisofvaluetothepeople.判斷下面句子1Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.2somepeoplethinkthatitisanancientChinesecustomwhichshouldbepreserved.非限制性定語從句---用逗號隔開非限制定語從句用來提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是對先行詞作進一步的解釋，補充或說明。如果去掉定語從句，整個主句的意義一樣很明確，不會引起誤解和歧義。分類學習一專有名詞如果定語從句修飾一個專有名詞，一般要用逗號分隔先行詞與定語從句。Mymother,whois50thisyear,liveswithmenow.Iaskedmymother,whois80,whethershe’deverseensnowinIraqbefore,andheranswerwasno.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofchina,hasdevelopedintoaninternationalcity.Hawaii,whichconsistsofeightprincipalislands,isafavoritevacationspot.二類指名詞普通名詞作為先行詞的情況，普通名詞若是用來表示類指，即表示的是同一類事物，而非具體的某一個事物，此時，用非限制性從句。Anelephant,whichistheearth’slargestlandmammal,hasfewnaturalenemiesotherthanhumanbeings.Oneoftheelephantswhichwesawatthezoohadonlyonetusk.(象牙)用或不用逗號，句義有差別在英文中，還有一類句子，用限制性或非非限制性定語從句都可以，但強調的意義不一樣，即句義不同，試比較。Hehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.Thefoodwhichwasn’tinthefridgeallwentoff.Thefood,whichwasn’tinthefridge,allwentoff.Thecabdriverswhoknewaboutthetrafficjamtookanotherroad.Thecabdrivers,whoknewaboutthetrafficjam,tookanotherroad.非限制性定語從句的翻譯注意：現(xiàn)制定定語從句一般翻譯成定語的形式……的，而非限定定語從句往往會譯成各種狀語形式。1Thefood,whichwasn’tinthefridge,allwentoff.(譯成原因狀語從句)食物都壞了,因為沒有放在冰箱里.2TheAmbassadorgaveadinnertothescientists,withwhomheespeciallywishedtotalk.（譯成原因狀語從句）大使宴請了那些科學家,因為他特別想與他們交談一下.3Thepeopleweredesperateforwork,anywork,whichcouldsupporttheirfamily.（譯成條件狀語從句）人們急于找到工作，什么工作都行,只要能養(yǎng)家糊口.4Themillionairehadanotherhousebuilt,whichhedidn’tneedatall.(譯成讓步狀語從句)那位百萬富翁又建了一幢房子,盡管他并不需要.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)分關鍵點：that引導的定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別。二者在結構上有相似性，都是名詞+that從句，這里的名詞都稱作先行詞。1從結構上區(qū)分：that是否作成分。2從意義上區(qū)分：that引導的從句的意義不同。1從結構上區(qū)分：that是否做成分That在定語從句中要充當成分，比如作從句的主語或賓語；而that在同位語從句中不作任何成分，僅起連詞的作用。也就是說：定語從句的結構是“名詞+that+不完整的句子，”同位語從句的結構是名詞+that+完整的陳述句例句分析:判斷下列句子分別是什么從句。11）Therumorthathespreadeverywhereturnedouttobeuntrue.2）TherumorthatTomwasathiefturnedouttobeuntrue.21）Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.2)Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.2從意義上區(qū)分：that引導的從句的意義不同。定語從句相當于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾，描述和限制的作用；同位語從句相當于一個名詞，對其前面名詞餓內容的具體表達，二者是同位關系。11)Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.2)ThenewsthatLincolnwasmurderedatatheateristrue.21)Thefactthatyoupointoutmademeinterested.2)Thefactthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.思維訓練請判斷下列句子是定語從句還是同位語從句。Heturneddowntheproposalthatsheofferedatthemeeting.Heturneddowntheproposalthatsheshouldbesentabroadtostudy.狀語從句練習狀語從句種類時間狀語從句地點狀語從句原因狀語從句目的狀語從句結果狀語從句條件狀語從句讓步狀語從句比較狀語從句原因狀語從句練習常見連詞Because,for,as,since當中because能用強調詞only,just,perhaps等修飾.例句學習1我的哥們都不喜歡我,是因為我長相英俊又事業(yè)又成.Myclosefriendsdon’tlikemebecauseIamhandsomeandsuccessful.2可能因為現(xiàn)在的大多數(shù)跨國婚姻都是基于真愛,所以夫婦倆都很努力地克服雙方的差異.Perhapsbecausemostoftoday’scross-culturalmarriageoccurbecauseoftheirtruelove,thesecouplesmakegreatefforts/workhardtoovercometheirdifferences.原因狀語從句練習3我們明天沒有課,為什么不出去野餐呢?4你是學英語專業(yè)的,我猜想你能幫我解決這個句子.Sincewedon’thaveclassestomorrow,whynotgooutforapicnic?SinceyouareanEnglishmajor,Iguessyoucanhelpmewiththesentence.原因狀語從句練習連詞as與since的用法差不多,所引出的理由在說話人看來已經很明顯,或已為聽話人所熟悉而不需要because加以強調.1由于周一是法定假日,所有的政府機關都將休息.Nationalholiday/governmentofficesAsMondayisanationalholiday,allgovernmentofficeswillbeclosed.連詞for表示推斷的理由,是對前面分句的內容加以解釋或說明.昨晚下雨了,因為今天早上地都濕了.Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.連詞總結比較而言:as和for引導的主,從句,二者處于平等位置.Because引導的從句顯得比主句重要,強調原因.since引導的從句顯得次要,而主句重要,以說明將要做什么事.用介詞表示因果關系常見的介詞有:Becauseof,dueto,owingto介詞后面不能接從句Wehadanaccidentbecausehewascareless.Wehadanaccidentduetohiscarelessness.Owingtohiscarelessnesswehadanaccident.思維訓練1____youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.2____thecoldweather,wedicidednottogoout.3Itwas___hewassoyoungthathecould’tdoit.目的狀語從句常用的從句連接詞sothat,inorderthat,that,另外,在目的狀語從句中常含有情態(tài)動詞,比如may/might或could/can等.1我關掉了電視,好讓我的室友安靜地學習.IturnedofftheTVinorderthatmyroommatescouldstudyinpeaceandquite.2小的時候,我常常睡覺時候帶著手電筒上床,這樣我就可以偷看連環(huán)畫冊而不被父母發(fā)現(xiàn).WhenIwasachild,IwouldtakeaflashlighttobedwithmesothatIcouldreadcomicbookswithoutmyparents‘knowingaboutit.結果狀語從句常見連接詞:so…that,such…that1我們學校食堂的飯菜質量真差,練蒼蠅都飛到那里去減肥.Thefoodinourschoolcante