Unit3 Discovering useful structures 課件【知識(shí)精講+拓展訓(xùn)練】高中英語人教版（2019）必修第三冊

Ellipsis省略Unit3DiscoveringUsefulStructuresTeachingobjectivesAfterthisclass,youwillbeableto,1.understandwhatisEllipsisanditsgrammaticalrules.2.masterthefunctionsofEllipsis.3.applyEllipsistoshortensentencesandsolvepracticalexercises.PartOneLead-inStep1:Whatgrammaticalphenomenonisit?Youmustfastensafetybelt.Youcannotsmokehere.Youcannottakephotoshere.Youcannotfishhere.EllipsisPartTwoPresentationWhatisellipsis?Inlinguistics，ellipsismeansleavingout

wordsratherthanrepeatingthemunnecessarily.1.Lookatthefollowingsentences,whichoneisbetter?why?Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’tcometoschooltoseemethenextday.Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’t.ThefunctionofellipsisBurnsarecalledfirstdegreeburns,seconddegreeburnsorthirddegreeburns,dependingonwhichlayersoftheskinareburned.Burnsarecalledfirst,secondorthirddegreeburns,dependingonwhichlayersoftheskinareburned.Theseaffectboththetoplayeroftheskinandthesecondlayeroftheskin.Theseaffectboththetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.1.toavoidtherepetitionTakecare.Youtakecareofyourself.Justdoit.Let’sjustdoit.5.Thebestornothing.6.Wewanttobethebestorwewantnothing.7.Toerrishuman;toforgivedivine.8.Toerrishumannature;toforgiveisdivine.tostressthekeyinformationtomaketheexpressionsconciseandvivid.一、簡單句中的省略1.省略主語祈使句中主語通常省略(You)shutup.Soundslikeagoodidea.Shutup.(It)soundslikeagoodidea.2.省略主謂或主謂語的一部分Gotanyink?3.省略賓語Thisway,please.（Youcome)thisway,please.（Haveyou)gotanyink?--DoyouknowMissGao?--Idon’tknow(her).4.省略表語--Areyouthirsty？--Yes,Iam.Yes,Iam(thirsty).Tompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisteacher.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.二、并列句中的省略2.若主語不同，省略后面謂語部分相同的系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。1.若主語或賓語相同，省略共同的主語或賓語。3.若主語與謂語動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.4.若主語不同，但主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分相同，則省略主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分。Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn’t(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid).三、復(fù)合句中的省略1.賓語從句中的省略1）在which,when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，常省略與主句相同的部分，僅保留一個(gè)連詞。Shecan’tcome,butIdon’tknowwhy(shecan’tcome).Shewillgotopairs,butIdon’tknowwhen(shewillgotoPairs).2）在兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語從句中，引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)賓語從句的連詞that可以省略，其余的不能省略。Thegirlstoldhim(that)theywereonatraintripacrossCanadaandthattheyhadonlyonedayinMontreal.3）在某些形容詞或過去分詞（如sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied)后所接的賓語從句中，連詞that可省略。Myparentswereverypleased(that)Ihadpassedtheexam.Iamsure(that)hewillregrettogooverthisbook.2.定語從句中的省略①Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.②Heistheman(whom)theyassumetobeextremelyrich.⑴在限制性定語從句中，作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞which,that,whom可以省略。（但whom,which緊跟在介詞后時(shí)不能省略）。③ThefirminwhichDickworkedhasgonebankrupt.④Thewayhespeakstousisreallyannoying.(inwhich)(that)(/)⑵修飾way的關(guān)系詞that/inwhich可以省略。3.狀語從句中的省略1）在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方式、條件等狀語從句中，如果謂語部分有be動(dòng)詞，主語又和主句主語一致，常把從句中的主語和動(dòng)詞be省略。When(hewas)askedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.When(hewas)stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.2)在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件狀語從句中常省略

itis。常見的有whereverpossible，wherenecessary，wherepossible，ifnecessary等。Whenever(itis)possiblehewillcometomyhelp.If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.四、其他省略情況1.動(dòng)詞不定式的省略。①Youcan’tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe’snotreadytoanswerthequestion.(

)⑴當(dāng)不定式在形容詞afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作狀語時(shí)，to后的內(nèi)容常省略。⑵使役動(dòng)詞，如make,let,have等和感官動(dòng)詞，如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式須省略to，但若這些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則to不省略。①WeoftenhearhersinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.②SheisoftenheardtosinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

⑶并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符號(hào)to。但若兩個(gè)不定式之間表示對比關(guān)系時(shí)，則不能省略to。①Helikestoswimmorethan(to)skate.②Hebelievesitimportanttostudyratherthantomakefriends.⑷當(dāng)不定式在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語時(shí)，?？墒÷?。常見的動(dòng)詞有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。--Willyougowithme?--Well,I’dliketo(gowithyou).2.使用so,not等時(shí)的省略。在英語中，可以用so,not或其他方式來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子。--Canyoufinishyourworktoday?--

(我認(rèn)為能。)--

(我認(rèn)為不能。)Ithinkso.Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot3.介詞的省略。一些與動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常?？梢允÷?。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:①havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth②bebusy(in)doingsth③spendsometime(in)doingsth④stop/preventsb(from)doingsth⑤Thereisnosense/point(in)doingsthPracticePartthreeI單句語法填空1.(2020.新高考III卷D篇)Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhile_________(grow)uponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.2.Hehadawonderfultimewhen

(travel)withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.3.Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif____