第8講 被動語態(tài)

第8講被動語態(tài)

1．語態(tài)的分類英語有主動、被動兩種語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，即“主語做某事”；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即“主語被……”，因此當我們想表示“主語被……”時，要用被動語態(tài)。2．基本結構：be＋PP(1)人稱及時態(tài)等的變化體現(xiàn)在be動詞上，pp永遠不變。各種被動語態(tài)如下：一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)am/is/are＋PP一般過去時的被動語態(tài)was/were＋PP一般將來時的被動語態(tài)am/is/aregoingtobe＋PPwillbe＋PP過去將來時的被動語態(tài)was/weregoingtobe＋PPwouldbe＋PP現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)am/is/arebeing＋PP過去進行時的被動語態(tài)was/werebeing＋PP現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)have/hasbeen＋PP過去完成時的被動語態(tài)had＋been＋PP(2)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋pp3．主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法如下：

Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.→Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.注意：(1)代詞的變化：賓格代詞被提前作主語時要變?yōu)橹鞲?，主格代詞作by的賓語時要變?yōu)橘e格。(2)帶雙賓語的動詞變被動時，一般將間接賓語提前作主語，而將直接賓語留下。也可將直接賓語提前作主語，但要在留下的間接賓語前添上介詞to或for。Fatherboughtmeabookyesterday.→Iwasboughtabookbyfatheryesterday.＝Abookwasboughtformeyesterday.Shelentmefivepounds.→Iwaslentfivepoundsbyher.＝Fivepoundswaslenttomebyher.(make,buy,get,sing,draw,find等用for，其他如show,pass,give,send,lend等用to)(3)動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時，其中的介詞或副詞不能省略。Theoldmustbetakengoodcareof.Thewoman'smistakewaslaughedatbyeveryone.(4)接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞變被動時，其后的不定式一律不能省略to，如make/listento/hear/lookat/watch/see/feel/notice等要變?yōu)閎emade/listenedto/heard/lookedat/watched/seen/felt/noticedtodosth.Thebossmakeshimworkdayandnight.→Heismadetoworkdayandnight.

Someonesawyouentermyroom.→Youwereseentoentermyroom.而接doing作賓語補足語的動詞變被動時，doing留下不變。Isawhimrunningontheplaygroundjustnow.Hewasseenrunningontheplaygroundjustnow.(5)被動語態(tài)中，如不需要說明動作的執(zhí)行者，by＋賓語可省略。4．不用被動語態(tài)的情況(1)不及物動詞或動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，也不能用被動語態(tài)。Hewaslaughedbythelisteners.()Hewaslaughedatbythelisteners.(√)Greatchangeshavebeentakenplacehere.()Greatchangeshavetakenplacehere.(√)(2)連系動詞如get,turn,seem,appear,look,sound，smell，taste,feel等沒有被動語態(tài)，也不能用被動語態(tài)。Thestonefeelscoldandhard.(√)Thestoneisfeltcoldandhard.()(3)有些動詞如write,sell,wash,break,wear,read，burn等用其主動形式表示主語的某種自身特征。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.這種布料耐洗。Paperburnseasily.紙易燃。Shoesofthiskindsellwell.這種鞋子好賣。

()1.—Youboughtanewcar！AnAmericancar?—No.AChinesecar.It______inTaizhou.(2013·臺州)A．makesB．madeC．wasmadeD．willbemade答案：C解析：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。答句中的it指的是“新車”，顯然是后面的謂語動詞make的作用對象，所以要使用被動語態(tài)，而且“這輛車”是已經生產過的，因此是使用過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。所以選擇C答案。()2.Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.(2013·南充)A．speaksB．speakC．isspoken答案：C解析：考查被動語態(tài)用法。當主語是動詞的承受者時應用被動語態(tài)。句意：漢語被最大數(shù)量的人說。故選C。

如用其被動，則意義不同。Hisclothesarewashedwell.他的衣服被洗得很好。(不表自身特征)(4)有些特殊動詞如let,have等沒有被動語態(tài)。Hewaslettogotothepartybyhisparentslastnight.()Hisparentslethimgotothepartylastnight.(√)注意：①get＋pp有時也是一種被動語態(tài)。Allhisbooksgotburntinthefire.②beworth/want/need/require等用doing表被動，而不用beingdone表被動。Thismovieiswellworthseeing.Thebrokenhouseneeds/wantsmending.()4.—WhydidTomgotobedsolateyesterday?—Becausehishomework______ontime.(2013·廣安)A．didn'tfinishB．finishC．wasn'tfinished答案：C解析：本題考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。由問句中yesterday可知應用一般過去時，排除B項；homework與謂語動詞finish存在被動關系，故應用被動語態(tài)結構，選C。()5.Thispairofshoes______hand，andit______verycomfortable.A．ismadewith；isfeltB．aremadefrom；isfeltC．aremadeof；feelsD．ismadeby；feels(2013·黃石)答案：D解析：考查動詞的語態(tài)。句意：“這雙鞋是由手工制成的，它摸起來感覺很舒服。”主語thispairofshoes不能執(zhí)行謂語動詞make，故用被動語態(tài)，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，用ismadeby的被動結構；feel為連系動詞，不能用被動語態(tài)，故選D。()6.ItwasreportedthatnineChinesepeople______inaballooncrash(墜毀)inEgyptonFebruary26，2013.(2013·聊城)A．arekilledB．werekilledC．willkillD．havekilled()3.WiththehelpofthepeoplearoundChina，manybeautifulnewbuildings______hereandthereintheearthquake-hitareainSichuan.A．canseeB．canbeseenC．willsee(2013·涼山)答案：B。解析：考查動詞被動語態(tài)。句子主語buildings和謂語動詞see存在被動關系，主謂語存在被動關系時謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)表達。三個答案中只有B答案是被動語態(tài)形式。Ⅰ.單項選擇。C1.ManybuildingsinLushan______intheearthquakeonApril20th.Itwillsurelybereconstructed(重建)morebeautifully.(2013·內江)A．havedestroyedB．aredestroyedC．weredestroyedD．aredestroyingB2.Alotoftrees______aroundhereeveryyear，andwecanenjoyfresherairnow.(2013·重慶)A．wereplantedB．areplantedC．willplantedD．areplantingC3.—Whodesignedthisgame?—It______byTomin1999.(2013·雅安)A．isdesignedB．designsC．wasdesignedD．designedB4.—Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone?—No.Ionlyknowit______in1876.(2013·成都)A．inventedB．wasinventedC．InventsD5.Flowers______alongtheroadlastyear.(2013·北京)A．plantB．plantedC．areplantedD．wereplanted答案：B.解析：考查動詞被動語態(tài)的用法。arekilled是現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)，werekilled是過去時被動語態(tài)，willkill是一般將來時“將殺死”，havekilled是現(xiàn)在完成時，“已經殺死”。根據(jù)句意“據(jù)報道在2013年2月26日9名中國公民在埃及的一場氣球墜毀事件中遇難?！辈浑y看出這幾個人是被動死亡，根據(jù)時間和主句是過去時可知要用過去時被動語態(tài)，所以選B。()8.Thislisteningmaterial，togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,______well.A．sellsB．sellC．issoldD．aresold(2013·常州)()9.Thesportsmeeting______nextmonth.(2013·益陽)A．willholdB．isgoingtoholdC．willbeheld()10.—Excuseme.I'mlookingforBe

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Yourself.—Sorry.Thebookyouaskfor______out.(2013·河南)A．issellingB．issoldC．wassellingD．willbesold()11.Annie______totheparty.ShehadawonderfultimewithusA．invitesB．isinvitedC．wasinvitedD．hasinvited.(2013·河北)()12.Manyhouses______intheearthquakeofApril20，2013inYa'an.A．isdestroyedB．aredestroyed(2013·玉林)C．wasdestroyedD．weredestroyed()13.HanHan'sbooksarepopular.They______bymanyteenagers.A．isreadB．wasreadC．arereadD．wereread(2013·南寧)()14.Teenagers______allowedtodrive.(2013·衡陽)A．shouldnotbeB．shouldbenotC．notshouldbe()6.Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople'slifealotsinceit______.A．inventsB．inventedC．isinventedD．wasinvented(2013·陜西)()7.OnJune11th，2013，Shenzhou-10carryingthreeastronauts______intospacefromthespacecenterinJiuquan.AlltheChinesepeopleareproudofitssuccessfullaunch.(2013·哈爾濱)A．sentupB．aresentupC．wassentupDCACBCDCAⅡ.用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.Theman_____(fall)offhisbikeandwassent(send)tothenearesthospital.2．Don'tmoveunlessyouare______(tell)to.3.Attheendoflastyear,anewtallbuildingwas______(build)inourschool.4．Hewas_______(beat)blackandbluealloverbyhisfatheryesterday.5．Theywere______(ask)togohomeonfootlastFriday.6．Afterbeingbadlyhurt,shewas______(send)tohospitalintime.7．Allmybooksare_______(keep)onthebookshelves.8.Adecisionwas______(make)yesterdaythattheyallhadtomove

atonce.()15.—Atpresent，oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.—Morechances______tostudentstolearnfromeachother.(2013·宜昌)A．offerB．areofferedC．haveofferedD．areoffering()16.—Iwanttoborrowthebook，butIdon'tknowhowlongitmay______.—Fortwoweeks.(2013·十堰)A．keepB．beborrowedC．borrowD．bekept()17.Manytrees______onthestreetseveryyears.Sotheairisveryfreshnow.(2013·孝感)A．plantB．areplantedC．plantedD．wereplantedBDBkeptmadefelltoldbuiltbeatenaskedsentⅢ.將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。1．Hehelpshismothereveryday.Hismother____________byhimeveryday.2．Heishelpinghismotheratthemoment.Hismother___________________byhimatthismoment.3．Hehashelpedhismotherfortwohourstoday.Hismother_________________byhimfortwohourstoday.4．I'mgladtofindthatpeopleplantedmanytreesinourcitylastyear.I'mgladtofindthatmanytrees______________inourcitylastyear.5．Youshouldreturethesebookstothelibraryontime.Thesebooksshould_____________tothelibraryontime.9．Morethanthreequartersoftheearthis________(cover)bywater.10．WhileIwasonholiday，mycamerawas_______(steal)frommyhotelroom.coveredstolenishelpedisbeinghelpedhasbeenhelpedwereplantedbe

returnedI．單項選擇。(每小題1分，共10分)()1.Allofyourexercisebooksmust______tomyoffice.A．takeB．bringC．beputD．bebrought()2.Ifnoises______fromincreasing,people__shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertableinthefuture.A．arenotkept;willhavetoB．donotkeep;willhavetoC．aren'tkept;havetoD．don'tkeep;haveto()3.—WhydoesLinglinglooksounhappy?—She______byherclassmates.A．islaughedatB．waslaughedC．hasbeenlaughedD．hasbeenlaughedat()4.—Ihaven'theardfromHenryforalongtime.—Whatdoyousuppose______tohim?A．ishappeningB．hashappenedC．hasbeenhappenedD．washappened()5.Anewschool______overthereintwoyears.A．maybuildB．maybebuiltC．isbuiltD．maybebuiltDAABB()6.Today,theforestsalmosthavegone.Peoplemust______downtoomanytrees.A．stoptocutB．stopfromcuttingC．bestoppedtocutD．bestoppedcutting()7.AlectureonChinesehistory______intheschoolhallnextweek.A．isgivenB．hasbeengivenC．willbegivenD．willgive()8.Thenaughtyboyseach______overtheschoolgatelastnight.A．wereseenclimbB．wereseentoclimbC．wasseenclimbD．wasseentoclimb()9.Without______，Iwon'tgotohisparty.A．invitedB．beinginvitedC．havinginvitedD．beinvited()10.WhenIgottotheclassroom,theblackboard______.A．hascleanedB．hadcleanedC．hasbeencleanedD．hadbeencleanedDCBBDⅡ.用所給單詞的適當形式填空。(每小題2分，共20分)1．Themusicwasveryloudand_________________(canhear)fromalongwayaway.2．Something________________(mustdo)toimproveyourEnglish.3．He___________(see)playingfootballintheclass