高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧

重點(diǎn)講解：命題特點(diǎn)（1）體裁的多樣性（08）A議論文，B說明文，C應(yīng)用文，D記敘文（10）A說明文，B議論文，C應(yīng)用文，D說明文（11）A議論文，B應(yīng)用文，C說明文，D記敘文（2）考點(diǎn)覆蓋全面細(xì)節(jié)題6-7題，推理題4-6題，主旨題1題，猜詞題1題,數(shù)字計(jì)算題1-2題。（一）題材選擇：人文性，時(shí)代性人與人，人與社會(huì)，自我教育

感恩，勵(lì)志，生活態(tài)度，思維方式，價(jià)值取向（二）體裁選擇：四大主流文體議論文，說明文，應(yīng)用文，記敘文（三）篇幅選擇：多練長(zhǎng)文文章長(zhǎng)度：450-600詞（四）限時(shí)訓(xùn)練：保證速度三.難點(diǎn)評(píng)析：?jiǎn)栴}點(diǎn)撥（一）規(guī)范行為，定型方法先閱讀正文，再解答問題

講什么？怎么講？抒發(fā)什么？

抓關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀中不能對(duì)句子中的每一個(gè)詞平均施力，一定要區(qū)別對(duì)待。首先句子的主干部分是閱讀重點(diǎn)，即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，對(duì)于修飾性的部分，如定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)則可根據(jù)題目的需要決定詳略。

留心主題句：如果只顧逐詞逐句閱讀，往往讀完全文卻很茫然，詞都認(rèn)識(shí)，就是不知道文章講什么。而文章段落的主題句則可以幫助我們將中心思想和作者意圖勾勒出來。

適當(dāng)預(yù)測(cè)：大腦的邏輯思維、推理判斷要貫穿于整個(gè)閱讀，使閱讀過程成為連續(xù)的“推測(cè)—驗(yàn)證”的過程。2.先瀏覽問題，再閱讀正文長(zhǎng)文，難文，應(yīng)用文（湖南高考）…Byconviction（信念）shewasasensualist（感覺論者）,butbynatureshewasamoralist（倫理論者）

,andintheworksshepublishedinthe1970sand1980s,itwasthelattersideofherthatcameforward.InIllnessasMetaphor—publishedin1978,aftershesufferedcancer—shearguedagainsttheideathatcancerwassomehowaspecialproblemofdepressedpersonalities（被壓抑的性格）,aconceptthateffectivelyblamedthevictimforthedisease.Infact,re-examiningoldpositionswasherlifelonghabit.…74.AsforSusanSontag’slifelonghabit,she______.A.misunderstoodtheideaofseriousnessB.re-examinedoldpositionsC.arguedforanopennesstopopcultureD.preferredmoralstobeauty問題二高考閱讀理解有哪些解題技巧？重點(diǎn)講解：四種能力難點(diǎn)評(píng)析：兩類難題重點(diǎn)講解：四種能力（一）主旨大意題此類題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。問題如：Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?

主題句在篇首（北京卷D篇）Theevidenceforharmonymaynotbeobviousinsomefamilies.Butitseemsthatfouroutoffiveyoungpeoplenowgetonwiththeirparents,whichistheoppositeofthepopularly-heldimage(印象)ofunhappyteenagerslockedintheirroomafterendlessfamilyquarrels.71.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?NegotiationinfamilyB.EducationinfamilyC.HarmonyinfamilyD.Teenagertroubleinfamily

主題句在篇中（湖南卷A篇）Theone-kilogramWin-Cubesatellite,namedforitshomecityanditsshape,willbeputintoloworbit.Onceinspace,itcanperformforafewmonthsoruptoseveralyears,communicatinginformationthatcouldhelpfindtheearlysignsofearthquakes.

Thereare80similarsatelliteprojectsworldwide,butthisisthefirsthigh-schoolbasedprogramofitskindinCanada.30Manitobahighschoolstudentsarehavingahandindesigningandbuildingthesatellite,incooperationwithaerospace(航空航天的)expertsand10studentsfromtheUniversityofManitoba,andwithsupportfromtwootherorganizations.71.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe

.A.ManitobaSchoolB.Win-CubeProgramC.SpaceCooperationD.SatelliteLaunching

主題句在篇尾（全國(guó)卷IC篇）JustasChrisitehadnoticedchangesinMcKenzie,Ialsodiscoveredsomethingdifferentineachofmychildrenduringouralonetimes.Forexample,Iamalwayssurprisedwhenmydaughter,whoisseldomclosetome,holdsmyhandfrequently.Mystuttering(口吃的)son,Tom,doesn'tstutteronceduringouractivitiessincehedoesn'thavetostruggleforachancetospeak.Andtheotherson,Sam,who’salwaysafollowerwhenaroundotherchildrenshinesasaleaderduringourtimestogether.

The“MommyandMe”timeallowsustobesimplyalongandawaywitheachchild—talking,sharing,andlaughing,whichhasbeenthebiggestgain.Everychilddeservestobeanonlychildatleastonceinawhile.64.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Theexperienceoftheonlychildbeingwithmother.B.Theadvantageofspendingtimewithonechildatatime.C.Thehappylifeoftwofamilies.D.Thebasicneedsofchildren.

回顧全文，概括文章的主題（福建卷D篇）Earnupto$25000ayearasaMedicalTranscriptionist!Noexperienceisneeded.Workthehoursyouchoose.Trainathomeinyoursparetime.Themedicaljobneedsskilledtranscriptionists.Soifyoucantype,orarewillingtolearn,wecantrainyoutoworkathomedoingmedicaltranscriptionsfromtapesdictatedbydoctors.Getfreeinformation!At-HomeProfessionCorp.CallTollFree1-800-475-0100orvisitwww.at68.Thebesttitleofthe3rdadvertisementwouldbe

.TrainingatHomeB.LearningatHomeC.RecordingWorkD.WorkingatHome（二）推理判斷題考查邏輯思維能力，即要求考生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁風(fēng)格，作者的態(tài)度，文章的行文走勢(shì)等。在閱讀中需要充分利用邏輯知識(shí)，挖掘文章內(nèi)涵，摸清作者意圖，不能以臆斷代替推理，或者忽視作者的傾向，脫離文章本身，拼湊其他“事實(shí)”。同時(shí)要善于尋找體現(xiàn)作者觀點(diǎn)的信號(hào)詞，并區(qū)別作者觀點(diǎn)與對(duì)立人觀點(diǎn)。

寫作意圖（全國(guó)卷IIB篇）Ifallthestudentsinaclasstriedoutforbasketball,somewouldbeverygoodplayers;otherswouldbeverypoor;andmanywouldbeinbetween.Buteventheverypoorplayerscanbecomemuchbetterplayersiftheyareguidedintherightway,andwithplentyofpractice.Itisthesamewithreading.46.Withtheexampleofbasketballplayers,theauthorshows

.whycertainpeoplearepoorreadersB.thattherearedifferencesinpeople’sabilitiesC.whysomepeoplearegoodbasketballplayersD.thatgoodbasketballplayerscanbegoodreaders

態(tài)度傾向（北京卷D篇）Animportantnewstudyintoteenageattitudessurprisinglyshowsthattheirfamilylifeismoreharmoniousthanithaseverbeeninthepast.“Weweresurprisedbyjusthowpositivetoday’syoungpeopleseemtobeabouttheirfamilies.”saidonememberoftheresearchteam.“They’reexpectedtoberebellious(叛逆的)andselfish,butactuallytheyhaveotherthingsontheirmind:theywantacarandmaterialgoods,andtheyworryaboutwhetherschoolisservingthemwell.There’smorenegotiation(商議)anddiscussionbetweenparentsandchildren,andchildrenexpecttotakepartinthefamilydecision-makingprocess.Theydon’twanttorocktheboat.”70.Accordingtotheauthor,teenagerebellion

.A.maybeafalsebeliefB.iscommonnowadaysC.existedonlyinthe1960sD.resultedfromchangesinfamilies

深層推理（全國(guó)卷IE篇）Todayabout70countriesuseDaylightSavingTime(DST).DaylightSavingwasfirstintroducedduringWorldWarIinAustralia.Duringtheworldwars,DSTwasusedforthelatesummersbeginningJanuary1917and1942,andthefullsummersbeginningSeptember1942and1943.…ThedifferencesindaylightsavinginAustraliacontinuetocauseseriousproblemsintransportandmanyothersocialactivities.Italsoreducesthenumberofhoursintheworkingdaythatarecommontoallcentersinthecountry.Inparticular,timedifferencesalongtheeastcoastcausemajordifficulties,especiallyforthebroadcastersofnationalradioandtelevision.75.WhatdoweknowabouttheuseofDSTfromthelastparagraph?A.Thereexistsomeundesirableeffects.B.Ithelpslittletosaveenergy.C.Itbringsaboutlongerworkingdays.D.RadioandTVprogramsbecomedifferent.（三）詞義猜測(cè)題猜測(cè)文中劃線詞或短語(yǔ)的意義，或?qū)ξ闹心硞€(gè)句意的理解。解此類題目有時(shí)可以通過構(gòu)詞法的原則猜測(cè)生詞，有時(shí)可以通過解釋性的語(yǔ)言或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的提示找到答案，但更主要的是要抓住上下文的邏輯意義以及作者的意圖。如：Iliketoreadperiodicals,suchasTimeMagazine,Newsweek,Readers’Digest,etc.由上文的read和下文suchas后面所舉的例子可以判斷“periodical”的意思是“期刊”。

根據(jù)定義、解釋和復(fù)述猜測(cè)詞義（重慶卷D篇）Asabigplant-eater,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundingsinwhichitlives,thereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat(棲息地).68.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“settingtheterms”mostprobablymean?Fixingthetime.B.Worseningthestate.C.ImprovingthequalityD.Decidingtheconditions.

根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義（安徽卷A篇）Theabovearethemainreasonsforthisproblem,andthereforewehavetoencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive,aswellassteeringthemawayfromfastfoodshopsandbadeatinghabits.58.Theword“steering”underlinedinthelastsentencemostprobablymeans

.A.forcingB.guidingC.drivingD.moving

根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義（2007江蘇卷B篇）ProfessorBarryWellmanoftheUniversityofTorontoinCanadahasinventedatermtodescribethewaymanyNorthAmericansinteract(互動(dòng))thesedays.Thetermis“networkedindividualism”.Thisconceptisnoteasytounderstandbecausethewordsseemtohaveoppositemeanings.Howcanwebeindividuals(個(gè)體)andthenetworkedatthesametime?Youneedotherpeoplefornetworks.

60.Theunderlinedphrase“networkedindividualism”probablymeansthatbyusingcomputerpeople

.A.sticktotheirownwaysnomatterwhatotherpeoplesayB.havetherightsandfreedomtodothingoftheirowninterestC.dothingsintheirownwaysandexpressopinionsdifferentfromotherpeopleD.areabletokeeptothemselvesbutatthesametimereachouttootherpeople（四）細(xì)節(jié)理解題通過對(duì)短文中提供的具體文字、數(shù)據(jù)、圖形等的把握，達(dá)到對(duì)文中詞義、句意及段落意義等文章表層意義的理解。難度不大，答案在文章中可以直接找到，而且常常是原文中的一兩句話或者是這些表述的變換形式。但在解題時(shí)必須仔細(xì)閱讀題干，小心核對(duì)信息，切不可產(chǎn)生疏漏。必要時(shí)，可以先瀏覽問題再閱讀文章，有的放矢地在文章中查找解答問題的依據(jù)，避免盲目閱讀。

直接信息題（全國(guó)卷IA篇）IwassosadthatsomeonewouldstealourbikethatIwrotetothenewspaperandtoldthemourstory.Shortlyafterthat,severalpeopleinourareaofferedtohelp.Onewonderfulstrangerevenboughtabike,thencalledmyhusbandtopickitup.Onceagainmyhusbandhadawaytogettoandfromhisjob.Itreallyisanhonorthatacompletestrangerwouldgooutoftheirwayforsomeonetheyhavenevermetbefore.58.Howdidpeoplegettoknowthecouple’sproblem?A.Fromradiobroadcast.B.Fromanewspaper.C.FromTVnews.D.Fromastranger.

間接信息題（湖北B篇）Desertelephantscantravelover70kilometersinsearchoffeedinggroupsandwaterholes,andhavealargergroupoffamilies.Theydrinkonlyevery3-4days,andcanstorewaterina“bag”atthebackoftheirthroat,whichisonlyusedwhenbadlyneeded.Desertelephantsarecarefulfeeders—theyseldomrootuptreesandbreakfewerbranches,andthusmaintainwhatlittlefoodsourcesareavailable.Youngelephantsmayeveneatthedung(糞便)ofthefemaleleaderofagroupwhenfacingfoodshortage.66.Desertelephantsarecalledcarefulfeedersbecausethey

.A.rarelyruintreesB.drinkonlyevery3-4daysC.searchforfoodinlargegroupsD.protectfoodsourcesfortheiryoung三.難點(diǎn)評(píng)析：兩類難題（一）主旨大意題考查對(duì)全文或某一段落的整體把握能力，即對(duì)整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇、段落的抽象概括能力?？梢允俏恼禄蚰骋欢温涞闹行?，也可以是作者的寫作意圖等。在閱讀過程中要始終留心中心詞匯以及段落主題，理清文章邏輯，準(zhǔn)確抓住全文的主旨。同時(shí)還要注意選項(xiàng)的表意，其內(nèi)涵和外延必須恰如其分地概括文章的主題，既不能范圍過大，也不能把某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或局部誤當(dāng)主題。Skinisthenameforthespecialcoveringonourbodies.Itcomesincolorssuchasblack,brown,white,yellowandred.However,thecolorofskinisnotmostimportant.Allskinhasoneimportantjob:toprotectwhatisinsideourbodies.Withcarefultreatment,yourskinwillcontinuetohelpprotectyouandyourbodyforalongtime.Skinhastwoparts.Thetoppart,whichcanbeseen,iscalledtheepidermis(表皮).Itisaverythinlayerofdeadskin.Thebodyreplacesthislayerallthetime.Peopleloseabouttwentykilosofskinintheirlife.Theinnerlayerofskiniscalledthedermis(真皮).Theskininthislayerisliving.Thedermismakesnewskinfortheepidermis.Inaddition,thedermishastinyoilglands(腺).Theoilglandsareimportantbecausetheyproduceoilthathelpskeepourskinsoft.thedermisisalsoimportantbecauseitallow