合同翻譯(重點(diǎn))

TranslationofContracts（重點(diǎn)(zhòngdiǎn)）精品資料

8.1BasicConceptofContract

Anagreementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatisenforceablebylaw,alegallyenforceableandlegallybindingagreement.

Contractisalegallyenforceableagreement.

精品資料99年中國(guó)《合同法》:

ContractsreferredtointhisLawareagreementsestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.

合同英語(yǔ)屬于莊重文體（frozenstyle），是各種英語(yǔ)文體中正式程度最高的一種?？傮w來(lái)說(shuō)，這種正式性體現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容(nèiróng)的專業(yè)性、語(yǔ)言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性等方面。精品資料Arecentdefinitionofcontractis“therelationsamongpartiestotheprocessofprojectingexchangeintothefuture.”O(jiān)neofthemeritsofthisdefinitionisthatitstressesthatacontractestablishesaninterrelationshipamongthecontractingpartiesthatisbroaderthantheirpromisesandagreement.精品資料8.2TheStructureofaContract/StandardizingtheStructure

8.2.1

Preamble

ofacontract

8.2.2

Mainbodyofacontract

8.2.3Finalclausesofacontract/witnessclause精品資料Howtocheckthecontracts?

*ValidityClauseofContracts

*DefinitionandWhereas

*AssignmentandGuaranty

*RescissionandTermination

*DefaultandEscape

*ArbitrationandJurisdiction

精品資料8.2.1Preambleofacontract

國(guó)際商務(wù)合同的前言部分，主要包括兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：其一，說(shuō)明合同簽訂的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以及合同雙方的名稱、營(yíng)業(yè)地點(diǎn)、依某國(guó)某法成立和存在。其二，“鑒于條款”（whereasclause），說(shuō)明簽訂合同的背景情況(qíngkuàng)以及簽約的目的和原則。精品資料Example:(1)THISCONTRACT,madeandenteredintoin(placeofsignature)onthis__dayof__,20__,本合同于20__年__月__日在（簽約地點(diǎn)）byandbetween(nameoftheparty),acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofcountry)withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA),由按（國(guó)家名稱）法律組建成立的，營(yíng)業(yè)地點(diǎn)在（公司地址）的_________公司（以下稱作甲方）and(nameoftheparty),acompanyincorporatedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofcountry)withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)，和按（國(guó)家名稱）法律注冊(cè)成立的、營(yíng)業(yè)地點(diǎn)在（公司地址）的____________公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方）共同(gòngtóng)簽訂.精品資料Exe.本合同由中國(guó)ABC公司，總公司設(shè)于中國(guó)上海（以下簡(jiǎn)稱賣方）與美國(guó)XYZ公司，總公司設(shè)于美國(guó)紐約州紐約市（以下簡(jiǎn)稱買方）于1998年3月29日訂立于中國(guó)上海，雙方同意按下述條件(tiáojiàn)買賣下列貨物：Thiscontractismadethis29thdayofMarch,1998inShanghai,ChinabyandbetweenABCCorporation.China(hereinafterreferredtoas“Seller”),aCorporationhavingitsprincipalofficeinShanghai,Chinawhoagreestosell,andXYZCorporation(hereinafterreferredtoas“Buyer”),aCorporationhavingitsprincipalofficeinNewYork,USA,whoagreestobuythefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasbelow:精品資料Exe.

本合同由AA公司（以下稱買方）和BB有限公司（以下稱賣方）于2007年8月8日簽定。憑此，買方同意(tóngyì)購(gòu)買、賣方同意(tóngyì)出售本貨物，其條款如下:ThisContractismadeonAugust8th,2007byandbetweenAACorporation(hereinafterreferredtoas“theBuyer”)andBBLtd.(hereinafterreferredtoas“theSeller”)wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestosellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasfollows:精品資料PreambleofaContract雙方同意按下述條款(tiáokuǎn)買賣下列貨物.Bothpartiesagreetobuyandsellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasbelow.買方同意購(gòu)買、賣方同意出售本貨物，其條款(tiáokuǎn)如下.TheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestosellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasfollows.精品資料WITNESSETHTHAT茲證明：WHEREASPartyAhasbeenaleadingtradingcompanyinthefieldofthesaidproductsandiswillingtoarrangethemanufacture,assemblyandmarketingofthesaidproducts,and鑒于____________________________________________________________WHEREASbothpartiesaredesiroustoestablishajointventurecompanytomanufacture,assembleandmarketthesaidproducts.鑒于_____________________________________________________________

NOW,THEREFORE,inconsiderationofthepremisesandmutualcovenantshereincontained,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:(NOW,therefore,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:)故雙方經(jīng)協(xié)商一致同意(tóngyì)如下：精品資料8.2.2.Mainbodyofacontract定義條款（Definitionclause)基本(jīběn)條款（Basicconditions)一般條款（Generaltermsandconditions)合同有效期限（Duration)終止(Termination)不可抗力（ForceMajeure)合同的讓與（Assignment)仲裁（Arbitration)適用法律（governinglaw)訴訟管轄（Jurisdiction)通知手續(xù)（Notice)合同的修改（Amendment)其他（Others)精品資料Example2:Arbitration:AlldisputesarisingfromtheperformanceofthisContractshouldbesettledthroughfriendlynegotiation.一切因執(zhí)行本合同引起的爭(zhēng)議，均應(yīng)由雙方友好協(xié)商(xiéshāng)解決。Shouldnosettlementbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallbesubmittedforarbitrationintheCountrywherethedefendantresides.如協(xié)商(xiéshāng)不能解決，則應(yīng)提交仲裁，仲裁應(yīng)在被告所在國(guó)進(jìn)行。精品資料IfthearbitrationtakesplaceinChina,thecaseshallbesubmittedtotheForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,ShanghaiandthearbitrationrulesofthisCommissionshallbeapplied.如仲裁在中國(guó)，應(yīng)提交上海中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)對(duì)外貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)，按照其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)仲裁。IfthearbitrationtakesplaceintheUSA,thecaseshallbesubmittedtotheForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionofCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,N.Y.andthearbitrationrulesofthisarbitrationorganizationshallbeapplied.如仲裁在美國(guó)，應(yīng)提交紐約國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)對(duì)外貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)，按照其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)仲裁。Theawardofthearbitrationshallbefinalandbindinguponbothparties.Thearbitrationfeeshallbebornbythelosingpartyunlessotherwiseawardedbythearbitrationorganization.該仲裁委員會(huì)的裁決為終局性的，對(duì)雙方均有約束力，仲裁費(fèi)用，除非仲裁委員會(huì)另有裁定，即由敗方承擔(dān)。精品資料Example1:

Penalty：(1)FailuretoMakeTimelyDelivery未按期交貨(jiāohuò).IntheeventtheSellerforitsownsakefailstomakedeliveryofallthegoodsontimeasstipulatedinthiscontract,theSellershallpayapenaltytotheBuyer.如果賣方由于自身原因未能按合同規(guī)定按期交付全部貨物，賣方應(yīng)向買方支付違約金。(2)FailuretoTimelyOpentheLetterofCredit未按期開(kāi)立信用證IntheeventthattheBuyerforitsownsakefailstoopentheLetterofCreditontimeasstipulatedinthiscontract,theBuyershallpayapenaltytotheSeller.如果買方由于自身原因未能按合同規(guī)定及時(shí)開(kāi)立信用證，買方應(yīng)支付賣方違約金。精品資料Arbitration仲裁(zhòngcái):有關(guān)本合同買賣雙方之間所引起的任何糾紛，爭(zhēng)議,或歧見(jiàn),可付諸仲裁(zhòngcái)..Arbitration:Anydisputes,controversiesordifferenceswhichmayarisebetweenthepartiesinconnectionwiththisContractmaybereferredtoarbitration.精品資料Arbitration仲裁條款:(1)凡因履行本合同所發(fā)生的或與本合同有關(guān)的任何爭(zhēng)議,雙方(shuāngfāng)應(yīng)通過(guò)友好協(xié)商解決.如果通過(guò)協(xié)商仍不能達(dá)成協(xié)議時(shí),應(yīng)提交仲裁解決.(2)仲裁裁決是終局的,對(duì)雙方(shuāngfāng)均有約束力.(3)除非仲裁委員會(huì)另有裁定,仲裁費(fèi)用由敗訴方負(fù)擔(dān).Arbitration:(1)AnydisputearisingfromtheexecutionorinconnectionwiththeContractshallbesettledthroughfriendlynegotiation.Incasenosettlementcanbereachedthroughnegotiation,thedisputeshallbesubmittedforarbitration(2)Thearbitrationawardshallbefinalandbindinguponbothparties.(3)Thearbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingpartyunlessotherwiseawardedbythecommission..精品資料Example3：ForceMajeureNeitherpartyshallbeheldresponsibleforfailureordelaytoperformalloranypartofthisContractduetoflood,fire,earthquake,snowstorm,hailstorm,hurricane,war,governmentprohibitionoranyothereventsthatareunforeseeableatthetimeoftheexecutionofthisContractandcouldnotbecontrolled,avoidedorovercomebysuchparty.任何一方如果由于洪水、火災(zāi)、地震、雪暴、雹暴、龍卷風(fēng)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、政策禁令或其他在合同簽訂(qiāndìng)時(shí)無(wú)法預(yù)見(jiàn)并不能控制、不可避免或無(wú)法克服的事件致使不能或遲延履行合同的全部或一部分時(shí)，該方不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。精品資料However,thepartywhoseperformanceisaffectedbytheeventofForceMajeureshallgiveanoticetotheotherpartyofitsoccurrenceassoonaspossibleandacertificateoradocumentoftheoccurrenceoftheForceMajeureeventissuedbytherelativeauthorityoraneutralindependentthirdpartyshallbesenttotheotherpartybyairmailnotlaterthan15daysafteritsoccurrence.但是，受不可抗力影響的一方(yīfānɡ)應(yīng)立即通知另一方(yīfānɡ)，并不晚于事件發(fā)生后15天向另一方(yīfānɡ)航空郵寄有關(guān)當(dāng)局或獨(dú)立的中立第三方出具的發(fā)生此種事件的證明書或文件。精品資料ForceMajeure如果(rúguǒ)不可抗力事件持續(xù)120天以上,任何一方有權(quán)終止合同.IntheeventthatForceMajeurelastsover120days,bothpartiesshallhavetherighttoterminatethecontract.精品資料ForceMajeure因不可抗力(bùkěkànglì)致使賣方不能或推遲交貨時(shí),賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任.IncaseofForceMajeure,thesellershallnotbeheldresponsibleforlatedeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoods.由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),水災(zāi),火災(zāi),臺(tái)風(fēng),地震或其他不可抗力(bùkěkànglì)原因,致使賣方不能在合同規(guī)定期限內(nèi)交貨或不能交貨,賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任.IncaseofForceMajeuresuchaswar,fire,flood,typhoonandearthquakeorothereventsofForceMajeure,thesellershallnotbeheldresponsiblefordelayindeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoods.精品資料Example4.Claims:

Exceptthoseclaimsforwhichathirdpartyisliable,shouldthequality,specifications,quantity,weight,packingandrequirementsforsafetyorsanitation/hygieneofthegoodsbefoundnotinconformitywiththestipulationstothiscontract,theBuyershallgiveawrittennoticeofclaimstotheSellerandshallhavetherighttolodgeclaimsagainsttheSellerbasedontheInspectionCertificateissuedbytheInspectionOrganizationprovidedinClauses14.2tothisContractwithin21daysfromthedateofcompletionofunloadingofthegoodsattheportofunloading.Intheeventofnonconformity,theSellershallpromptlyrepairorreplacesuchgoodsorsupplythequantitythatisdeficient.精品資料除了第三方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的索賠(suǒpéi)，如發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物的質(zhì)量、規(guī)格、數(shù)量、重量、包裝及涉及安全或衛(wèi)生/保健等方面和合同的規(guī)定不一致，買方應(yīng)對(duì)賣方發(fā)出書面通知并有權(quán)根據(jù)第14條第2款中所述的有關(guān)檢驗(yàn)當(dāng)局出據(jù)的檢驗(yàn)證書對(duì)賣方提出索賠(suǒpéi)。索賠(suǒpéi)應(yīng)在卸貨港卸貨完成后21天內(nèi)提出。如發(fā)生不一致，賣方應(yīng)立即修理或更換這些貨物或補(bǔ)充數(shù)量。精品資料IntheeventthattheBuyerdoesnotmakesuchclaimwithintheabove-mentionedtime-limit,theBuyershallforfeititsrighttomakeaclaimwithrespecttothequantitydeficiencyortheapparentqualitydefect.如果買方未在上述期限內(nèi)提出索賠，則買方將視為放棄對(duì)貨物數(shù)量不足或明顯(míngxiǎn)的質(zhì)量瑕疵索賠的權(quán)利。精品資料Example5.Termination:

合同的解除Exceptasprovidedelsewhere,thisContractmaybeterminatedineitherofthefollowingcases:除非另有約定，該合同將在下述情況下解除：1)Throughmutualwrittenagreementbybothparties;雙方共同達(dá)成(dáchéng)書面協(xié)議；精品資料2)Iftheotherpartyfailstoperformitsobligationswithinthetime-limitagreeduponinthisContract,andfailstoeliminateorremedysuchbreachwithin7daysfollowingthereceiptofthenoticethereoffromthenon-breachingparty.如果另一方未能在合同約定的時(shí)間(shíjiān)內(nèi)履行其義務(wù)，并且在收到未違約方通知后起七天內(nèi)未能消除違約或采取補(bǔ)救措施精品資料Insuchcasethenon-breachingpartyshallgiveawrittennoticetotheotherpartytoterminatethisContract.在此情況(qíngkuàng)下，未違約方應(yīng)書面通知違約方解除合同。精品資料8.2.3Finalclausesofacontract/witnessclause結(jié)尾條款主要(zhǔyào)應(yīng)明確的內(nèi)容有：合同使用的文字及其效力(Languagesinwhichthecontractistobewrittenanditsvalidity)。有時(shí)還應(yīng)訂立對(duì)合同進(jìn)行修改或補(bǔ)充的內(nèi)容，并明確在合同結(jié)尾規(guī)定附件為本合同不可分割的組成部分。(3)在合同結(jié)尾部分還應(yīng)明確規(guī)定：合同在雙方授權(quán)代表簽字后正式生效。精品資料Example11.ThisContractismadeoutintwooriginals,eachcopywritteninChineseandEnglishlanguages,bothtextsbeingequallyvalid.Incaseofanydivergenceofinterpretation,theChinesetextshallprevail.本合同正文一式兩份，分別以中文和英文書寫，兩種文本具有同等效力。若對(duì)其解釋產(chǎn)生異議，則(將)以中文本為準(zhǔn)。2.Anyamendmentand/orsupplementtothiscontractshallbevalidonlyaftertheauthorizedrepresentativesofbothpartieshavesignedwrittendocuments(s),formingintegralpart(s)ofthisContract.本合同的任何修改和補(bǔ)充，只有在雙方授權(quán)的代表在書面文件上簽字后才能生效，并成為(chéngwéi)本合同不可分割的組成部分。3.ThisContractshallcomeintoforceafterthesignaturesbytheauthorizedrepresentativesofbothparties.本合同將在雙方授權(quán)代表簽字后正式生效。精品資料Example2本合同的簽署需在見(jiàn)證人出席(chūxí)下經(jīng)雙方簽字.自買賣雙方簽署之日起生效。本合同用中文和英文兩種文字寫成,一式兩份,雙方各執(zhí)一份.如中文本與英文本出現(xiàn)差異,以英文本為準(zhǔn).ThisContractshallbesignedbytheBuyerandtheSellerinthepresenceofwitnessandbeeffectedcommencingfromthedateofsigning.Thiscontractshallbemadeinduplicate,bothinEnglishandChineseandEachPartyshallkeeponecopy.IncaseofanydiscrepanciesbetweentheChineseandtheEnglishcopy,theEnglishcopyshallgovern.精品資料

Example3.本合同用中英文兩種文字(wénzì)寫成,兩種文字(wénzì)具有同等效力,自雙方代表簽(蓋章)之日起生效.

買方代表(簽字):____________________賣方代表(簽字):____________________ThisContractshallbewritteninChineseandEnglish.Bothversionsareequallyauthentic.ThisContractshallcomeintoeffectsincebeingsigned/sealedbybothparties.Represent