山西省大同市同煤集團(tuán)云崗中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)期末試題含解析

山西省大同市同煤集團(tuán)云崗中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.

Theflowers________sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell

B.smelling

C.smelt

D.tobesmelt參考答案：B2.—Howabout______party?—Cool!Itwasreally_____greatfun!Pityyouweren'tthere． A．a(chǎn);a

B．the;a

C．the;不填

D．a(chǎn);不填參考答案：C3.Whatsatisfiesusisthatthepositionofthehousecombinesquietnessand________.A.convenience

B.efficiency

C.affection

D.settlement參考答案：A4.---Soyougaveheryourphone?----

,shesaidshewouldreturnittomewhenshecouldaffordone.A.Mypleasure

B.Notexactly

C.Nodoubt

D.Allright參考答案：B5.Theoryshouldbynomeansbeseparatedfrompractice.______，it'simportanttocombinetheorywithpractice.A．Asaresult

B．Bytheway

C．Tobehonest

D．Inotherwords參考答案：D6.Halfwaythroughthemeetingmymindstartedto________.A.whisper

B.wonderC.wave

D.wander參考答案：D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：會(huì)議進(jìn)行一半時(shí)我開始走神。whisper低聲說(shuō)；wonder對(duì)…感到好奇，驚奇；wave搖擺；wander走神，胡思亂想。根據(jù)題意，故選D。7.MichaelJackson,____incomparablefigureinmusic,danceandculturewaspronounceddeadbydoctorson________afternoonofJune25,2009.

A.a;the

B.an;the

C.an;∕

D.the;the

參考答案：B略8.—WasBessiebadlyhurt?—Yes,eachtimeshemovedherarm,she________acry.A.letout

B.triedout

C.tookout

D.leftout參考答案：A9.Theperformer,whohas______giftforacting,willbe______successinacoupleofyearsifproperlynursed.A.a;a B.the;a C.the;/ D.a;/參考答案：A10.Sinceyouknewit，you________usaboutitearlier.A．shouldhavetold

B．shouldtellC．wouldhavetold

D．wouldtell參考答案：A11.Sean’sstrongloveforhiscountryis______inhisrecentlypublishedpoems.A.relieved

B.reflected

C.responded

D.recovered

參考答案：B12.Themostexcitingthingforhimwashefinallysucceededinseemedtobeadifficultexamforhim.

A.that;what

B.that;which

C.what;that

D.what;which參考答案：A13.Fromthewaythekidsspendtheirmoney,theresearcherscansee

theyreallyvalueinlife. A.which

B.where

C.what

D.how參考答案：C試題分析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：研究人員可以看到他們?cè)谏钪姓嬲膬r(jià)值。See后面的賓語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞，缺少賓語(yǔ)，起雙重作用，故選C。14.

Myparentsalwaysmakeme__________IcanachievemoreifItrymybest.A.believing

B.believed

C.believe

D.tobelieve參考答案：C15.Themangot_______becauseofhiscarelessdriving.

A.injured

B.injury

C.injuring

D.injure參考答案：A16.—DidyouhearthatLiHuawasrobbedduringhisrecenttriptoSouthAfrica?—Yes，notonly________hismoney，buthewasnearlykilled.A．helost

B．didhelose

C．hehadlost

D．washelost參考答案：B17.WhenwemovedtoFrance,thechildren

tothechangeverywell.A．a(chǎn)dapted

B．a(chǎn)pplied

C．a(chǎn)ttended

D．a(chǎn)greed參考答案：A略18.—Weneedapersonverymuchtothinkupacreativeidea. —________thenewmanagerhaveatry?A.Must

B.Should

C.Shall

D.Need參考答案：C二、短文改錯(cuò)19.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Iusedtothinkvisitingmuseumswasbored.Oneday,Iwastakingtoanartmuseumthattherewereagroupofotherkids.“Nothavingfun?”theguidewhispered,watchmyface.Isighedbutfollowedthegroup.“Sincetheparentsaregone,let’sfoundsomethingspecial!”theguidesaid.Wesawapaintingofpeopleinacafeandtheguideaskedwhywaswrongwiththem.Ifoundoutthattablelegswasallmissing.Theguidepraisedmeandthensaid,“Ourbrainsplaytricksus,makingusignoresmallchanges,andthepainterjustmadeagooduseofit.”Fromthenon,Istartedtolovemuseums.參考答案：Iusedtothinkvisitingmuseumswasbored.Oneday,Iwastakingtoanartmuseumthatthere

boring taken where

wereagroupofotherkids.“Nothavingfun?”theguidewhispered,watchmyface.Isighedbut

watching

followedthegroup.“Sincetheparentsaregone,let’sfoundsomethingspecial!”theguidesaid.We

find

sawapaintingofpeopleinacafeandtheguideaskedwhywaswrongwiththem.Ifoundoutthat

what

it tablelegswasallmissing.Theguidepraisedmeandthensaid,“Ourbrainsplaytricks∧us,making

were

on/uponusignoresmallchanges,andthepainterjustmadeagooduseofit.”Fromthenon,Istartedtolove

a

museums.【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者敘述從覺得認(rèn)為參觀博物館很無(wú)聊到開始愛上博物館的親身經(jīng)歷?！驹斀狻?.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我以前認(rèn)為參觀博物館很無(wú)聊。形容詞：boring“令人厭煩的”，通常指物；bored“感到厭煩的”，通常指人。此處指“參觀博物館”這件事，故把bored改為boring。2.考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：有一天，我被帶到一個(gè)有一群其他的孩子的藝術(shù)博物館。此處句子主語(yǔ)I和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞take之間是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故把taking改為taken。3.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：有一天，我被帶到一個(gè)有一群其他的孩子的藝術(shù)博物館。此處artmuseum是先行詞，在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故把that改為where。4.考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。句意：“不開心?導(dǎo)游看著我的臉，低聲說(shuō)。此處watch和句子主語(yǔ)之間是一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系，是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故把watch改為watching。5.考查不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：既然父母都走了，我們找點(diǎn)特別的吧!固定結(jié)構(gòu)：let’sdosth.“讓某人做某事”。此處是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故把found改為find。6.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們?cè)谝患铱Х瑞^看到一幅人物油畫，導(dǎo)游問(wèn)它怎么了。此處動(dòng)詞ask后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞既要起引導(dǎo)作用，又要在從句中作主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞why只能作原因狀語(yǔ)，故把why改為what。7.考查不定代詞賓格。句意：我們?cè)谝患铱Х瑞^看到一幅人物油畫，導(dǎo)游問(wèn)它怎么了。此處用it指代前面提到的apaintingofpeople，故把them改為it。8.考查主謂一致。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)桌腿都不見了。此處句子主語(yǔ)是legs，名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故把was改為were。9.考查固定詞組。句意：我們的大腦捉弄我們，讓我們忽略小的變化。固定詞組：playtrickson/uponsb.捉弄某人。故在tricks后加on/upon。10.考查固定詞組。固定詞組：makegooduseof。故a去掉。【點(diǎn)睛】表示情感的形容詞-ing和-edsurprising令人驚訝的，surprised感到驚訝；frightening令人害怕的，frightened感到害怕；moving令人感動(dòng)的，moved感動(dòng)；exciting令人興奮的，excited感到興奮；boring令人厭煩的，bored感到厭煩?，F(xiàn)在分詞的主語(yǔ)通常指事物；過(guò)去分詞的主語(yǔ)通常指人。本題第1小題，句意：我以前認(rèn)為參觀博物館很無(wú)聊。形容詞：boring“令人厭煩的”，通常指物；bored“感到厭煩的”，通常指人。此處指“參觀博物館”這件事，故把bored改為boring。三、閱讀理解20.Ifadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolvedinhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubblesaccumulate(聚集)inajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.

Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(減壓)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs(魚龍).Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.

BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.

Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(標(biāo)本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.

Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.

Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator（食肉動(dòng)物）suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(獵物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.

77.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs______.A.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostitB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodiles

D.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeans

參考答案：DCDD21.In1905,aspartofhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity,AlbertEinsteinpublishedthepointthatalargeamountofenergycouldbereleasedfromasmallamountofmatter.ThiswasexpressedbyequationE=me2(energy=masstimesthespeedoflightsquared).ButbombswerenotwhatEinsteinhadinmindwhenhepublishedthisequation.In1929,hepubliclydeclaredthatifawarbrokeouthewould“refusedtodowarservice,directorindirect…”Hispositionwouldchangein1933,astheresultofAdolfHitler’scomingintopowerinGermany.Einstein’sgreatestroleintheinventionoftheatomicbombwassigningalettertoPresidentFranklinRoosevelturgingthatthebombbebuiltbecausesomephysicistsfearedthatGermanymightbeworkingonanatomicbomb.AmongthoseconcernedwerephysicistsLeoSzilardandEugeneWigner.ButSzilardandWignerhadnoinfluencewiththoseinpower.SoinJuly1939theyexplainedtheproblemtosomeonewhodid:AlbertEinstein.AftertalkingwithEinstein,inAugust1939SzilardwrotealettertoPresidentRooseveltwithEinstein’ssignatureonit,whichwasdeliveredtoRooseveltinOctober1939.GermanyhasinvadedPolandthepreviousmonth;thetimewasripeforaction.ThatOctoberresearchofa-bombbeganbutproceededslowlybecausetheinventionoftheatomicbombseemeddistantandunlikely.InApril1940anEinsteinletter,ghost-writtenbySzilard,pressedtheresearchersontheneedfor“greaterspeed”.Astherealizationofnuclearweaponsgrewnear,Einsteinlookedbeyondthecurrentwartofutureproblemsthatsuchweaponscouldbring.Hewrotetohisfriendabouthisfearaboutthefutureuseofthea-bomb.TheatomicbombingsofJapanoccurredthreemonthsafterGermanygavein.InNovember1954,fivemonthsbeforehisdeath,Einsteinsummarizedhisfeelingsabouthisroleinthecreationoftheatomicbomb:“Imadeonegreatmistakeinmylife…whenIsignedalettertoPresidentRooseveltrecommendingthatatombombsbemade;buttherewassomejustification----thedangerthattheGermanswouldmakethem”.16.WhatcanwelearnaboutSzilardandWigner?A.TheywerenotasinfluentialasEinstein.B.TheywereresponsiblefortheinventionofnuclearweaponsC.TheyhadcheatedtheirfriendAlbertEinstein.D.Theyhadanintentiontodestroytheworld.17.Einsteinrealizedhismistakeof___________.A.co-operatingwithhisworkmates

B.inventingtheatomicbombC.publishinghisequation

D.sig