中考英語語法 時態(tài)和語態(tài)

中考語法時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)｛｛8種時態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法一般現(xiàn)在1）經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動作或存在狀態(tài)2）表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)及永恒的真理注意：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it,Tom,myteacher…）表示頻度的副詞：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly,everyweek,onceamonth….在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，如果主句含有將來時、情態(tài)動詞，或者是祈使句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。2）在賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句表示客觀真理或普遍規(guī)律時，無論主句是過去還是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。3）begin,come,go,leave,start,stop,arrive,return,open,close等動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按計劃，規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作時態(tài)｛｛8種時態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法一般現(xiàn)在1）經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動作或存在狀態(tài)2）表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)及永恒的真理注意：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it,Tom,myteacher…）動詞現(xiàn)在時第三人稱類型變化規(guī)則例子一般情況在詞尾加-stake-takeslisten-listens以-s,-x,-o-sh,-ch,結(jié)尾在詞尾加-esgo-goeswash-washes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加-estry-triesstudy-studies特殊情況不規(guī)則變化have-has時態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法一般過去時過去時間發(fā)生的事情，存在的狀態(tài)或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+表語therewas/were實義動詞+動詞過去式1）yesterday…..;

2）lastweek…..3）twodaysago,4）justnow=amomentago剛才;5）thismorning6）in1980過去式的構(gòu)成方法類型規(guī)則例子一般情況在詞尾加-edclimb-climbedplant-planted以–e結(jié)尾在詞尾加-dlive-liveddie-died以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾”改y為i再加-edstudy-studiedfry-fried以重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾一個輔音字母雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-edstop-stoppedadmit-admitted不規(guī)則變化put-puttake-took時態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作句式結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞常用時態(tài)標(biāo)志：1）Listen,Look….2）now,atthistime,thesedays;表示位置移動的詞go,come,leave,arrive表示交通方式的詞walk,drive,fly常用進(jìn)行時表示將來時?，F(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)類型變化規(guī)則例子一般情況直接加-inggo-goinghelp-helping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾去e加-ingleave-leavingwrite-writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫詞尾的輔音字母再加-ingrun-runningstop-stopping以ie結(jié)尾改ie為y再加-ingdie-dyinglie-lying時態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）then,atthattime,atfiveyesterday

from2to3yesterdaywhen,while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句一般將來時1）表示將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)2）結(jié)構(gòu)will/shall+動詞原形begoingto+動詞原形現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來tomorrow,nextweek…,inthefuture,soon,howsoon,in10days,in2020begoingto+V原形，常用來表示計劃，打算做某事過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“從過去看將來”結(jié)構(gòu)would+動詞原形was/weregoingto+動詞原形常用于主句是一般過去時的賓語從句中ItoldhimIwouldfinishthatprojectthenextday.時態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。還表示動作從過去某時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞1）already（肯定句）yet

（否定句，疑問句）2）ever,never;3）just,before,sofar;recently4）since+一般過去時since1990,sincetwoyearsago;=fortwoyears;5）inthepastfewyears1）have/hasgoneto去了某地（不在說話的地方）have/hasbeento去過（強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)）have/hasbeenin在某地（強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時間）2）瞬間性動詞要轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞for+段時間since+一段時間+ago/

一般過去時Howlong…..buy→haveborrow→keepdie→bedeadleave→beawayfromcomehere→behere時態(tài)｛｛｛｛8種時態(tài)標(biāo)志特殊用法過去完成時表示到過去某時間為止或在過去某時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成的動作，即“過去的過去”結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+過去分詞By/before+過去的時間構(gòu)成的介詞短語e.gbytheendoflastyearbefore,when引導(dǎo)的一般過去時的從句過去的動作之前whenIgottothestationbeforeIwentout,過去的時間之前，by

lastmonth,bytheendoflastmonth（一）一般現(xiàn)在時1.Tom______toschoolbybikeeveryday.（go）2.They______（go）toschoolonfoot3.否定句→He_________toschoolbybikeeveryday.4.否定句→They___________toschoolonfoot5.一般疑問句→______he______toschoolbybikeeveryday?6.一般疑問句→

they

toschoolonfoot?goesgodoesn’tgodon’tgoDoesgogoDo考點(diǎn)自測一考點(diǎn)一:動詞三單的變化規(guī)則1.直接在動詞后面加-s

look-lookslike-likes2.以s,x,ch,sh

結(jié)尾的詞語后面加-es

brush–brusheswatches3.以y結(jié)尾的詞語，變y為i

加-es

fly-fliescarry-carries4.不規(guī)則變化 have-has時態(tài)：1.Theteachersaidthesun________（rise）intheeastand_______（set）inthewest.2.Ifit__________________（notrain）tomorrow,we’llgothepark.3.Iwilltellhimassoonashe__________（come）back.risessetsdoesn’traincomes（二）一般過去時1.Tom_____________（clean）theclassroomyesterday.2.否定句→Tom___________________theclassroomyesterday3.一般疑問句→____Tom________theclassroomyesterday?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.考點(diǎn)一：動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則1.直接在動詞后面加-ed

want-wantedlook-looked2.以e結(jié)尾的在動詞后面直接加-d

like-liked

3.重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個字母加-ed

stop-stopped 4.以y結(jié)尾的變y為i

加ed

carry-carriedcleaneddidn’tcleanDidcleanYeshedid.Nohedidn’t（二）一般過去時考點(diǎn)二：usedtodosth過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣或動作。be/become/getusedto+doing,習(xí)慣于做……”

1.國王過去常常住在城堡里。

ThekingsusedtoliveinthecastleinFrance.2.我爺爺習(xí)慣于住在鄉(xiāng)下。

Mygrandpaisusedtolivinginthecountryside.考點(diǎn)三：“Itis+一段時間+since+一般過去時”，表示“自從……以來有……時間”的意思，主句可用itis來代替Ithasbeen1.自從我來到深圳已經(jīng)10年了。

Itis10yearssinceI__________________Shenzhen.cameto（三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.He___________hishomeworknow.（do）2.否定句→He_____________hishomeworknow.3.一般疑問句→____he________hishomeworknow?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.isdoingisn’tdoingIsdoingYesheisNoheisn’t（三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.直接在動詞后面加-ing

do-doingski-skiing2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞，去掉e再加-ing

write-writing

ride-riding3.重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，雙寫最后一個字母再加-ing

shop-shoppingswim-swimming考點(diǎn)一：動詞現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則1.I___________________（come）.我就來了。

Iamcoming考點(diǎn)二：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示將來。（常用詞come,go,leave.start,move,…）Iamcoming（四）過去進(jìn)行時1.He

hishomeworkat8yesterday.2.否定句→He

hishomeworkat8yesterday.3.一般疑問句→

he

hishomeworkat8yesterday?4.肯定回答→

,

.5.否定回答→

,

.wasdoingwasn’tdoingWasdoingYeshewasNohewasn’t（四）過去進(jìn)行時1.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時候，我們在讀書。We__________________whentheteachercamein.考點(diǎn)一：過去進(jìn)行時+when+一般過去時,

媽媽在做飯時，我在看電視。Whilemum_____________,Iwas___________TV.考點(diǎn)二：過去進(jìn)行時+while+過去進(jìn)行時werereadingbookswascookingwatching（五）一般將來時1.He____________________（make）acardforhisMumthisweekend.2.否定句→He____________________（make）acardforhisMumthisweekend.3.一般疑問句→_______he___________（make）acardforhisMumthisweekend.4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.willmakewillmakeWillmakeYeshewillNohewon’t（五）一般將來時1.用用你的大腦，你將會找到辦法。Useyourhead,andyou__________（find）away.考點(diǎn)一：祈使句+and/or+句子，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語可用一般將來時。1.Openthewindow,

?2.Let’sgotothezoo,

?考點(diǎn)二：祈使句+反意疑問句部分（willyou）1.將有場運(yùn)動會。

There_________________________asportsmeeting.考點(diǎn)三：begoingto+動詞原形，表示打算做某事或可能要發(fā)生某事。willfindwillyouisgoingtobewillyou（六）過去將來時1.Hesaidhe_______________（come）toseeme.2.Iwastoldthathe____________________（return）home.wouldcomewouldreturn1.He________________（finish）fortendays.2.否定句→He_____________（finish）fortendays.3.一般疑問句→____he________（finish）fortendays?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.考點(diǎn)一：現(xiàn)在完成時+for+時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)1.I_____________（live）inShenzhenfortwoyears./since2yearsago.（七）現(xiàn)在完成時hasfinishedHashasfinishedfinishedYeshehasNohehasn’thavelived（七）現(xiàn)在完成時1.---WhereisLily？---She_______________toBeijing.2.I____________________toBeijingtwice.3.Myparents___________________Shenzhensince1999.考點(diǎn)二：hasgoneto/hasbeento/havebeenin的區(qū)別1.Shenzhen_____________alotinthepast50years.（change）考點(diǎn)三：現(xiàn)在完成時+表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/年/月以來……”時間狀語，如：inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/dayshasgonetohavebeentohavebeeninhaschanged（七）現(xiàn)在完成時1.這是我第一次參觀中國。ThisismyfirsttimethatI________________（visit）China.2.這是我看過的最有趣的電影。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI_______ever________（see）.3.那是他寫的唯一的書。Thatistheonlybookthathe_______________（write）.考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事”或在“Itisthebest（worst,mostinteresting）+名詞+that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。

havevisitedhaveseenhaswritten（七）現(xiàn)在完成時1.die-______________ 2.borrow-______________ 3.buy-______________4.open-_____

5.close-____________6.begin-______________ 7.leave-__________（from）8.join-______________9.marry-_____________10.go-____________11.return-_____________ 12.他已經(jīng)買了那本書。He_____________________thebook.13.他買了那本書已經(jīng)三天了He____________________thebookfor3days.考點(diǎn)五：延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。beendeadkepthadbeopenbeenclosedbeenonbeenawaybeenamemberofbeenmarriedbeenawaybeenback1.Tom_____________theworkwhentheycameback.（finish）2.否定句→Tom_____________theworkwhentheycameback.3.一般疑問句→____Tom________theworkwhentheycameback?4.肯定回答→______,___________.5.否定回答→______,___________.考點(diǎn)一：過去完成時+bytheendof+過去時間1.We___________200bridgesbytheendof2000.（build）2.Bythetimehewas14,he_________（set）upasmallcompanyofhisown.（八）過去完成時hadfinishedhadn’tfinishedHadfinishedYeshehadNohehadn’thadbuilthadset（八）過去完成時1.We________________thehomeworkwhentheteachercameback.（finish）2.WhenIgottothecheckout,IrealizedthatI________（leave）mypurseathome.考點(diǎn)二：過去完成時+when+一般過去時1.Hesaidhe___________________thefilm.（see）2.Shetoldmeshe_________（beill）recently.3.Hesaidhe___________（know）nothingaboutheruntilthen.考點(diǎn)三：用于賓語從句中hadfinishedhadlefthadseenhadbeenillhadknown語態(tài)1、不知道或者沒有必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者：Someexpensivewatcheswerestolenlastnight.

昨晚一些昂貴的手表被盜了。2、需要強(qiáng)調(diào)和突出動作的承受者：Englishisspokenwidelyintheworld.

英語在世界上廣泛地使用。3、句子的主語是動作的承受者：Muchsoilwaswashedawaybytheheavyrain.

大量泥土被大雨沖走。4、說話或者發(fā)表意見，為了顯得公正客觀，也常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Itissaidthat…

據(jù)說……Itishopedthat…

希望……Itisbelievedthat…

據(jù)信……Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)報道……被動語態(tài)的用法：各種時態(tài)的主動被動語態(tài)一覽表時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesis/am/are+doneIclosethedoor.Thedoorisclosed一般過去時didwas/were+dongTimmadethepaperbag.ThepaperbagwasmadebyTim.一般將來時will/shall+dowill/shall+bedoneTheywillbuildanewlibraryinourschool.Thenewlibrarywillbebuiltinourschool.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdoneTheyarecleaningtheroom.Theroomisbeingcleanedbythem.各種時態(tài)的主動被動語態(tài)一覽表時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+donehave/has+beendoneIhaven'tfoundmypurse.Mypursehasn’tbeenfound.過去進(jìn)行時was/were+doingwas/were+beingdoneKimwasrepairingthebicycle.ThebicyclewasbeingrepairedbyKim.過去完成時had+donehad+beendoneTheyhadwrittentwobooksbytheendoflastmonth.Twobookshadbeenwrittenbytheendoflastmonth.過去將來時would/should+dowould/should+bedoneHesaidtheywouldholdaparty.Hesaidapartywouldbeheld.含情態(tài)動詞can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedoneWecanfinishthisproject.Thisprojectcanbefinishedbyus.語態(tài)考點(diǎn)一happen/takeplace無被動語態(tài)（√，×）被動語態(tài)。如：sound,seem,smell,taste,look,feel…sell,suit,wash,wear,write…Thesong

sounds