初中語(yǔ)法精講-名詞

Welcometomyclass.Topic:noun

熟記已學(xué)過(guò)的名詞；

掌握常用名詞的數(shù)的變化；

掌握名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及其變化；

掌握可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別及用法。

掌握名詞的句法功能中考考查形式：選擇題、單詞拼寫(xiě)及選詞填空題、完成句子

復(fù)習(xí)策略

theuseofnoun(名詞的用法）初三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)NOUN.

theuseofnoun(名詞的用法）初三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)名詞的分類(lèi)名詞的所有格名詞的變化可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞NOUN.普通名詞專(zhuān)有名詞名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化flowerflowers規(guī)律我來(lái)說(shuō)NOUN.book

booksfactoriesbaby

babies

factoryleafwolfwolvesleavesknifeknives

記取f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)

妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌;

躲在架后保己命，半片樹(shù)葉遮眼光。watchesboxesbusesbrushes一般情況詞尾+sbookspencilsa.以s,x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的+esbuses

，boxes

，watches，brushesb.以輔音+y結(jié)尾的，把y改成i+escity—citiesfamily—families

但是元音+y結(jié)尾的，直接+sboys，keysc.以f，fe結(jié)尾的把f，fe改為v，再加eslife—livesknife—knives名詞的復(fù)數(shù)要點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)聚焦找規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesheroesNOUN.巧記以-o結(jié)尾加-es的詞

Negroes

and

heroesliketoeatpotatoes

and

tomatoesradiosphotos找規(guī)律zoospianosNOUN.特殊：除heroes,

potatoes,tomatoes外

所有以o結(jié)尾的單詞+sradios

zoos

photos不規(guī)則變化child--childrenwoman--womenman--mengoose--geeseNOUN.mouse--micefoot--feetdeersheepdeer，sheep，fish，li，jin，yuan,mu,Japanese,Chinese等的單復(fù)數(shù)同形.Yuan國(guó)籍總稱（謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)）單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)中國(guó)人theChineseaChinese

twoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亞人theAustralians

anAustraliantwoAustralians俄國(guó)人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希臘人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法國(guó)人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美國(guó)人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德國(guó)人theGermansaGermantwoGermans英國(guó)人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes中日不變，英法變，其他國(guó)人加Sdollarsmeterspounds與眾不同NOUN.scissorsshoespantsglasseschopsticks

有的單詞雖然是s結(jié)尾，但是不可數(shù)名詞

newsphysicsmathsgrassglass

新聞物理數(shù)學(xué)草玻璃Eg.Mathsisausefullanguage.Grassisgreeninspring.h.兩個(gè)名詞在一起，表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，一般只變后面那個(gè)名詞

appletrees/boystudents/girlplayers特殊：當(dāng)名詞和man，woman連用時(shí)，則兩個(gè)名詞都變。

men

doctors

women

teachersIhavetwo___and___.A.leg,feetB.legs,footsC.legs,feetHowmany___arethereinthecity?A.factoriesB.factorysC.factorisD.factory3.Trees___alwaysgreenintheSouth.A.isB.areC.willbeD.were4.Youmustcleanyour____everyday.A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.teeths5.There____lotsofbreadonthetable.A.isB.areC.wereD.be

CABB

A

6.Therearetwo_____andthree_____inourschool.A.Frenchmen,GermenB.Frenchmen,GermansC.Frenchmas,GermansD.Russian,Americans7.Many____areplayinginthepark.A.childrenB.childsC.boyD.peoples8.Themeat____notgood.Butthenews____interestingA.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are9.Icanseemany____onthehill.A.sheepsB.cowC.sheepesD.sheep10.Hegoestoschool_____everyday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfootD.byacar

BACD

B11.Yourclothes____verybeautiful.A.isB.areC.beD.haveMybrotherhastwo_____.A.knifeB.knifesC.forkD.knives13.There____apairoftrousersonthebed.A.isB.areC.wereD.have14.Wouldyoulike__________?A.amilkB.aglassofmilkC.somemilksBringmetwo___paper,please.A.pieceofB.pieceC.piecesof

BDAB

C不可數(shù)名詞（不可以計(jì)數(shù)，前面不可以有定冠詞和數(shù)詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式）eg.awatersomefoodsamoneythreemoneys(×)(×)(×)(×)abottleof

juiceaglassof

orangetwoboxesof

milk不可數(shù)名詞NOUN.

不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示可數(shù)必須與量詞連用，常用詞有：

apieceof一張/塊/則abottleof一瓶

acupof一杯aglassof一玻璃杯

eg.apieceofpaperabottleofwaterthreepiecesofbreadEx:一杯牛奶兩瓶橙汁三則新聞四張紙五塊面包acupofmilktwobottlesoforangethreepiecesofnewsfourpiecesofpaperfivepiecesofbread6.Pleasegiveme_____.I’mthirstyA.ateaB.apieceofbreadC.acupoftea7.Hello,Ihave_______totellyou.A.twopieceofnewsesB.twonewsC.twopiecesofnewsD.twopiecesofnewses8.Don’tworry.Thereis_____left.A.sometimesB.manytimeC.muchtimeD.anytime9.Howmany_____canyousee?A.bottleoforangesB.bottlesoforangeC.bottlesoforangesD.bottleoforange

cCCB最常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞有：advice,change(零錢(qián)),furniture,hair,homework,weather,information,knowledge,,money,news,progress,traffic

名詞可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等等TheGreatWallstandsfortheoldchina.LiWeikangandMariaarestudents.Look!Theyareplayingbasketball.Abananatreeisinfrontofourteachingbuilding.Wethestudentsarehelpingtheoldlady.Theyhadsupperatthathotel.

名詞所有格一、有生命的名詞所有格：’s+名詞“的”

a.當(dāng)名詞不是s結(jié)尾時(shí)，用’sLucy’shair/mymother’sbaglucy的頭發(fā)/我媽媽的袋子

b.當(dāng)名詞是s結(jié)尾時(shí)，則用

s’students’reading–room學(xué)生們的閱覽室

workers’club工人俱樂(lè)部注意：Women’sDay婦女節(jié)

Children’sDay兒童節(jié)

Teachers’Day教師節(jié)c.表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市的名詞，加’s構(gòu)成所有格

fiveminutes’walk=afive-minutewalkeightmiles’journey=an8-milejourneyd.雙重所有格:of+名詞所有格/of+名詞性的物主代詞

afriendofmine,anoldphotoofmyfather’s.e.共同所有格與個(gè)體所有格：共有的東西,所有格也共有;分開(kāi)的東西,所有格也分開(kāi).She’sTomandJim’smother.(同一個(gè)母親)They’reTom’sandJim’smothers.(各自的母親)

二、表示無(wú)生命的名詞所有格用“of“

教室的門(mén)thedooroftheclassroom

山頂thetopofthehill

樹(shù)葉theleavesofthetree名詞只變數(shù)，不分主賓格。人和動(dòng)物類(lèi)，可變所有格撇(’)后加s，相當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)“的”。時(shí)間、距離等，也變所有格名詞所有格，表物是“誰(shuí)的”，

若為生命詞，加“’s”即可，詞尾有s，僅把逗號(hào)擇;并列名詞后，各自和共有，前者分別加，后者最后加;若為無(wú)生命詞，of所有格，前后須倒置，此是硬規(guī)則。

1.Isthis____book?A.LileiB.Lilei’sC.lileis’2.Thisis_____car.A.SmithB.Smith’sC.Smiths’3.Therearesome_____inthepark.A.manteachersB.menteacherC.menteachersD.boysstudents4.That’smy_________.A.brother’sandsister’sbikeB.brotherandsister’sbikeC.brother’sandsister’sbikes5.Ittakesme____walktogotoschoolA.fiveminutes’B.fiveminute’sC.fiveminutes

BBCBA看我“七十二變”friendfriendlylovelovely常具有贊美的意味

carehelpcolorfulNOUN.cloudsun

windrainhealthy表示充滿……的dangerous具有……的性質(zhì)carehopeless沒(méi)有……的wood---woodenwool---woolenChina---ChineseChineseJapan---JapaneseJapaneseAustralia---AustralianEnglish形容詞主謂一致Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_____(is,are)2,000.Thewomanwithtwochildren______(is,are)cominghere.NeitherhenorI_____(are,am)anAmerican.isisisisamNOUN.practice6.Maths______(are,is)hardtolearnfortheboy.7.Theyareall_______________(woman,teachers;womenteachers).8.ThepopulationofChina_______(are,is)over1,300,000,000.9.Therearemany______(peoples,people)inthestreetinsummer.10.Oneofthestudents______(have,has)gonetoShanghai.isiswomenteacherspeoplehasNOUN.

1.Several_____aretalking

underthetree．Andtheyare______.

A．woman;children B．woman;childC．women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？

—Notveryfar．It'sabouttwenty

walk. A．minute's

B．minutes

C．minutes'

3.Therearethree

inmyfamily.A.people B.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurther

inourcity.A.education B.informationC.science5.Thisis

bedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’s典型例題解析

C

C

A

A

BNOUN.典型例題解析TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina. ()TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina. (

)Theyoungisdancingthere. ()Theyoungaredancingthere. ()Physicsareverydifficulttolearn. ()Physicsisverydifficulttolearn. ()WehavefiveGermeninthismeeting. ()WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting. ()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionaries.()

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√

√

Ⅹ

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NOUN.(

)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.

A.one B.apiece C.a D.apieceof

(

)2.Thistableismadeof_______.

A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glasses D.glass

()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe

_____800-metreraceyesterday.

A．boys B．boys’ C．boy D．boy‘s.

(

)4.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.

A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies

(

)5.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.

A.sheeps;foxes B.sheeps;foxes C.sheep;foxes D.sheep;foxs

課時(shí)訓(xùn)練DDBAC選擇填空：NOUN.()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_______.A.brothers B.brother’s C.brothers’ D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_______inEnglish. A.businessletter B.businessletters C.businesses D.businessesletters

()8._____are____forcuttingthings.

A.Knife,used B.Knives,using C.Knife,using D.Knives,used