中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解專項(xiàng)

第9頁共9頁閱讀理解開題篇：得閱讀者得天下！一、掌握細(xì)節(jié)、理解、推理、概括等閱讀方法。二、Lead-inLadiesandgentlemen,ThankyouforcomingtodaytoattendthegraduationceremonyatNo.3JuniorHighSchool.Firstofall,I’dliketocongratulateallthestudentswhoareheretoday.IremembermeetingallofyouwerejuststartingGrade7atthisschool.Youwereallsofullofenergyandthirstyforknowledge.Andyes,someofyouwerealittledifficulttodealwith!ButtodayIseearoomfulloftalentedyoungadultswhoarefullofhopeforthefuture.You’veallgrownupsomuchandI’msoproudofyou.Readthepassageandfinishthefollowingtasks.(FillintheblankswithTfortrue,FforFalse)()1.Thespeechistothestudentswhowillgraduatefromtheschool.()2.Thewriterdoesn’trememberthestudentswhowereatGrade7.()3.Now,thetalentedyoungadultsarefullofhopeforthefuture.三、Readinglearninggoalsandtheskillsofreadingcomprehension（一）先讀問題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)。以便能帶著問題看文章，這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù)，有的放矢.（二）、快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌。注意勾畫與問題有關(guān)的信息，如果時(shí)間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時(shí)，不要忙于答題.（三）細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞。掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1、抓住五個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把Who（人物）What(事件)，When（時(shí)間），Where（地點(diǎn)），Why（原因），How（方式）劃出來。抓住了五個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決。2、抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對(duì)考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點(diǎn)，都具有舉足輕重的作用。3、注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意。4、根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會(huì)測試要求，確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文(不是重讀一遍)，迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種：①、直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案，并勾畫。②、歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。③、綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至計(jì)算，最后歸納出正確答案。題干中有“suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because,accordingto“等字眼時(shí)，屬于推斷概括型，考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇，考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納，推理等邏輯思維能力。④、捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。⑤、轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。⑥、排除法。根據(jù)語言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案.四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時(shí)間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。四、以致用例1However,atschool,thereareproblemswithmakingcallsandplayingwithsmartphonesinclass.Thiswillhaveabadinfluenceontheorderofclass.Andusingmobilephoneisnothelpfulforstudents'learning.Somostschoolshavearulethatstudentsmustturnofftheirphonesinclass.Theycanonlyusetheirphonesafterschool.()1.Studentsarenotallowedtoplaywithmobilephonesafterschool.(判斷正誤）例2Buttherearemanythingsyoucando.Whenyouspeakaforeignlanguage,it'scommontohaveanaccent(口音).That'sallright-otherpeoplecanusuallyunderstandwhatyouaresaying,sotakeiteasy.()2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofhavinganaccent?A.It'scommontohaveanaccent.B.Allthebeginnershavetheaccent.C.Otherswon'tunderstandwhatwearesaying.D.Itcanbealittledifficulttoimprovetheaccent.例3Notonlyhadthethirdgroupgottoknowthenameanddistance,butalsothereweresomestoneswhichshowedhowfartheywerefromthevillage.Theysangandtalkedalongthewayandfinallygottothedestination(目的地）happil（）3.Fromtheparagraph,wecaninferthattheauthorwantsto________.A.thescientistlikescampingandmakingexperiments.B.thesecondgroupwalkedadifferentwayfromthefirstgroup.C.Thefirstgroupdidn'twanttofollowtheguide.D.thethirdgroupfeltexcitedwhentheyarrivedatthevillage.例4Intheend,Momdidn'tgetherkeysback.Butasshesaid,shediscoveredsomenewlosttreasureandenjoyedawonderfulafternoonwalkwithhisDad.()4.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Parentsfoundalotofthingsthatothershadlost.B.Hismotherdidn'thaveagoodtimethatday.C.Thefailuretofindkeysdidn'tdisappointhismother.D.HismotherfoundherlostUSBflashdrive.例5However,thethirdgroupreachedthevillageeasilybecausetheyhadgoalsontheway.Peoplearemorelikelytosucceedwhentheyhavetheirgoalsonthewayofrealizingtheirdream.()5.Theauthorofthepassagewantstotellusthat_________.A.thescientistisagreatperson.B.thethirdgroupisthemostexcellent..C.peopleshouldhavegoalsofrealizingtheirdreams.D.thevillageisnotasfaraswethink.例6Doyouhearaboutslowfood?Itisaninternationalmovement.Itencouragesustomakedinnerinourhomeandusefreshfoodthatisraw(未加工的).Itwasfoundedasthereaction(反應(yīng))tothepopularityofunhealthyfastfood.Italsoencouragespeopletobuyfoodfromlocalstoresratherthanlargesupermarkets.()6.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SlowFoodB.FreshFoodC.UnhealthfulFoodD.FastFood例7Today,ithasover100,000membersin132countries.Anditssymbolisoneoftheworld'sslowestmovinganimals-thesnail.Theorganization'swebsiteexplain,“thereasonwhythesnailwaschosenisthatitmovesslowly,andeatscalmlythroughlife.()7.Theunderlinedword“snail”means________inChinese.蟒蛇B.鯊魚C.鳳凰D.蝸牛例8It'sagoodideatolistentocassettesandtrytocommunicatewithotherspeakers.It'sagoodwaytomakeyourpronunciationbetterandimproveyourspeakingskills.()8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cassettes”mean?A.雜志 B.卡片C.磁帶 D.鑰匙.五、實(shí)踐體驗(yàn).(進(jìn)行專題訓(xùn)練)Passage1EachOctober15th,over200millionpeoplearoundtheworldtakepartinGlobalHandwashingDay.Researchshowsthatnotenoughpeoplewashtheirhandswithsoap(香皂).MyriamSidibesaysthatsoapis“themostbeautifulinventioninpublichealth”.Heknowsthatwashinghandswithsoapcanhaveabiginfluenceonreducingfluandotherdiseases.Itcanalsopreventbabiesfromgettingsickandkeepchildrenhealthy.However,washinghandswithsoapdoesn’tappearasfastasyoumightthink.Thismayhappeninpoorercountries,butit’salsobecausehandwashingwithasoapissimplynotpartoftheireverydayworkformanypeople.ThisiswhatGlobalHandwashingDaytriestodo.In2008,thefirstGlobalHandwashingDaybegan.Everyyearsincethen,thecampaign(運(yùn)動(dòng)）hasheldmanydifferenteventsaroundtheworld.In2014,GlobalHandwashingDaywasusedinthefightagainstEbola(埃博拉病毒）Today,localandnationalleaderscontinuetousethedaytospreadthemessageaboutthevalueofcleaninghands.Thehopeisthathandwashingcanbecomeanecessarypartofpeople’slivesandmakeabigdifferencetothehealthofmillionsaroundtheworld.()1.MyriamSidibethinkssoapisuseful.()2.OneoftheadvantagesofwashinghandsisthatitcancureEbola.()3.GlobalHandwashingDaytriestomakehandwashingwithsoapadailyjobforpeople..()4.ThefirstGlobalHandwashingDaybeganin2018.()5.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellthevalueofwashinghandswithsoap.Passage2Coronavirus(新冠病毒）isalargefamilyofviruses,whichincludeSARSandMERS.ItisconsideredasacousinofSARSandMERS.AlthoughtheCOVID-19isalsoanewofcoronavirusthatcausesmanypeople’sdeath,there’sanotherside.COVID-19teachesustobethankful.Becauseofit,somekindsofwarmthandkindnessareshowingup.Agroupofvolunteersfromeveryplaceandthingstheyhavedoneareworthremembering.DriverLiGaofeng,whocamefromatransportationteamwithhisfriends,volunteeredtotransportmorethan30tonsofdonatedfreshvegetablestoWuhan.Theyovercameallkindsofdifficultiesandtraveledmorethan1,700kilometersfromgrasslandtoplain.FinallytheysuccessfullyarrivedinWuhanonFeb.1st.Theirvegetablesarenotonlyhealthy,butalsoheart-warming.Theyareordinarypeoplewhonotordinary.DoctorsandnursesaroundthecountryweresenttoWuhantoprovidehelp.ManygoodsandothernecessarythingsweresenttoWuhanonebyone.Therearemanypeopleandmomentsthatworthourremembering.Withallthepeople’seffortsinthisdifficulttime,Chinesepeoplewilllearngreatlessons,whichwillbeveryimportant.()1.COVID-19is____________________.SARSandMERSB.anewvirusC.anewbacteriaD.anewkindofcold()2.LiGaofengis____________.AdoctorB.anurseC.adriverD.anexpert()3.Theunderlinedword“plain”means_____________inChinese.平原B.山谷C.大海D.溪流()4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?COVID-19teachesusnottobeafraidofdisease.COVID-19helpsustobedoctorsandnurses.COVID-19makesusfindthebrightsides.COVID-19tellsusstayingathomeisright.()5.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?COVID-19isTerrible.LookingontheBrightSidesofCOVID-19.KeepingawayfromCOVID-19.WaystoKillCOVID-19.Passage3SimonandPedroweretwoyoungbrotherswhocameformapoorfamilyinasmalltown.Theydreamedofgoingtouniversitytobecomeengineers.Theonlywaytheycouldmaketheirdreamstruewasthatoneofthemworkedinthelocalmine(礦井)topayfortheothertogotoschool.Andifthefirstonebecameanengineer,hewouldpayfortheothertogotoschool.Theyflipped(拋)acon.Simonwon,buthesaid,“Ican’tgo.Youaremuchsmarterthanme!”ButPedroconvincedhimtogo.SoSimonwenttoschool,andPedroworkedtosendmoneytoSimon.Simonwasthemosthard-workingstudentthere.Hestudieddayandnight.Hesoonbecameknownasthebeststudent.Buthealwaystoldpeoplethathisbrotherwasreallysmart.HewouldproudlyshoweveryonePedro’sdesignsformachine.Oneday,Pedrowasinjuredbadlybecauseofanaccidentatthemine,andhewouldneverbeabletoworkinthemineagain.Simonhadtogobacktotakecareofhisbrother.Theywerebothterriblysad.Oneday,ateacherofhisschoolcametoaskSimontogobacktoschoolforfree.AndtheschoolalsopromisedtoacceptPedrobecauseofhisperfectdesigns.Finally,theybecamegreatengineersandhelpedbuildmanybuildingsintheircountry.Successbelongstothosewhotrytheirbest.Weshouldnotonlyhavedreams,butalsomakethemtrue.()1.Whydidn’tthetwobrothersgotoschooltogether?Becausetheyhadnoparents.B.Becausetheirfamilywaspoor.Becausebothofthemdidn’twanttogo.D.Becausetheschoolwastoofaraway.()2.Theunderlinedword“convinced”means________inChinese. 要求B.告訴C.說服D.允許 C.Practicingchildren’sspeaking D.Usingadictionary()3.Pedro’s________madehimgotoschoolforfree.greateffortsB.excellentspeechC.goodluckD.perfectdesigns.()4.Someonewho_____maysucceed.FollowstherulesB.doeshisbestC.isbraveenoughD.isverylucky.()5.Thepassagemainlytellsus____________.howSimonandPedro’srealizetheirdreamshowSimonandPedrogotoschoolhowSimonandPedroearnmoneyD.howSimonandPedrogrowup.Passage4Jimmywasgoodaeverythingandalwaysthefirst.Icouldn’tstandthat.SowhenIheardthattherewa