jonathan swift 喬納森 斯威夫特

JONATHAN

SWIFT(1667-1745)CONTRIBUTIONSHeisafamouspoliticianandsatiristoftheUK.Hewrotealotofrepresentativeironicworksduringhislife.HeisalsoafounderofradicalDemocratsintheenlightenmentoftheUnitedKingdom.HeisoneofthefamouswritersofNeo-classical.HeisappreciatedbyGorkyas"thecreatorofworldgreatliterature".LIFEANDCAREERIn1667,bornintoapoorfamilyinDublin,

In1682,studiedattheTrinityCollegeinDublin.

In1688,

wenttotheLondonandhebecameprivateSecretaryofWilliamTemple.In1692,gotamasterdegreefromOxfordIn1697-1698,wrote'TheBattleoftheBooks'and'TaleofaTub'In1699,returnedtoIreland;servedasapriestinaparishinDublin;wasinvolvedinthedisputeoftheWhigsandToriesinLondonearlyperiod(1667-1710)LIFEANDCAREERIn1710,editorofExaminer.In1713,becamedeanofSt.Patrick'sCathedral.In1714,struggledforIreland'sindependence

In1745,Swiftdied,aged78,andwasburiedinStPatrick'sCathedral.late(1714-1745)mediumterm(1710-1714)MAJORWORKSSatires:ATaleofaTub(1704)(intheformofaparable,asatireuponallreligioussectsandanattackonChristianityitself)

TheBattleoftheBooks(1704)(anattackonpedantryintheliteraryworldofthetime)Gulliver'sTravels(1726)Essays:ThoughtsonVariousSubjects,MoralandDiverting(1706)AnArgumentAgainstAbolishingChristianity(1708)Drapier'sLetters(1724/25)AModestProposal(1729)Miscellany:

ACompleteCollectionofGenteelandIngeniousConversation(1738)AJournaltoStella(publishedposthumously–1766)LANGUAGESTYLEsimpleandvigorous;deadlyirony;powerfulsatire.GULLIVER‘STRAVELSP41ThisbookcriticizedandsatirizedtheUnitedKingdomandtheEuropeanCommunityinpolitical,religious,philosophical,scientific,andmoralaspectsoflife.Itisofgreatsocialsignificance,andhasadeepmeaningbothforexplorationandrevelationofhumannature.4volumes:VolumeⅠ:

amicrocosmoftherealworldVolumeⅡ:giantfamily,aplaythhingVolumeⅢ:Flyingisland,philosopherandengineerthereVolumeⅣ:Houyhnhnms,ruledbyhourses,Yahoo"YAHOO"isalsonamedbythisbook.SatiresinourexcerptInsatire,humanorindividualvices,follies,abuses,orshortcomingsarehelduptocensurebymeansofridicule,derision,burlesque,irony,orothermethods,ideallywiththeintenttobringaboutimprovement.Examplesinexcerpt:P2

For,indeed,whoistherealivethatwillnotbeswayedbyhisbiasandpartialitytotheplaceofhisbirth?

P4

hesentformeonemorningearly,andcommandingmetositdownatsomedistance(anhonourwhichhehadneverbeforeconferreduponme).P6Hewasthemore…ofourminds.P13whohasmoredeformed…oftherest.P16But…inthemud.P17

TothisIwassilent…forthecure.ThemeThethemeofthisexcerptistosatirizethedarknessofUnitedKingdom,greed,debauchery,ignorance,corruptionofhumannature.UKsociety:unfairjusticesystem(P9);frequentwars(P4);incompetentGovernment(P13)Humannature:greed(P6Forif…h(huán)avealltoitself.P10greedofeating),debauchery(P19),ignorance(P4),corruption(p16)CharacteranalysisYahoo:therearelotsofevilsinthem.Greed:P6Forif…h(huán)avealltoitself.P10greedofeatingWarlover: