PETS強化班閱讀題型B

閱讀題型B繆海濤htmiao@MiaoAllRightsReserved2Basics

AdecentwordstockAgoodunderstandingofgrammarAstronginterestinEnglishMiao3HowsToread,tolistenextensively

3Ps

Perseverance+Patience+PracticeMiao5閱讀理解新題型總攻略Miao6閱讀新題型：本部分的內(nèi)容是一篇總長度為700-800詞的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6段文字，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從這6段文字中選擇能分別放進文中5個空白處的5個選擇答案。新題型特點：加大了閱讀量，傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解中的文章長度一般為400字左右問題答案和原文空缺處產(chǎn)生了差額選擇，加大了選出正確答案的干擾性和難度。考生既要了解文章的宏觀布局，又要掌握文章的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)。要理解文章的總體結(jié)構(gòu)以及單句之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作思路的理解和掌握。新題型要求：只要了解了這種新題型所考查的要點，在閱讀文章時有意識的加強對文章寫作思路和結(jié)構(gòu)組織安排的理解，掌握英語文章常見的幾種寫作結(jié)構(gòu)，對迅速增強此類新題型的應對能力還是非常有幫助的。一、新題型介紹Miao7二、正確認識此部分雖然是一種新的題型，但是它只是換了一個角度，實際考查的仍然是考生的閱讀理解的能力。這種能力可分為三個層次：第一考查學生的宏觀閱讀能力；第二考查段落內(nèi)部的結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是我們常說的段落的一致性；第三考查段落內(nèi)部的論點和各論據(jù)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，也就是我們常說的段落連貫性。Miao8三、必備技能1.較強的閱讀理解能力Thepowerofyourreadingabilityfiyuocnaraedtihs,yuohvaeasgtranemnid,too.Cnayuoraedtihs?Olny55plepoetuofo100anc.icdnuoltblveieetahtIcluodaulacltyuesdnatnrdwahtIwasrdanieg.Thephaonmnealpweorofthehmuanmnid,aoccdrnigtoarscheearchatCmabrigdeUinervtisy,itdseno'tmtaetrinwahtoerdrtheltteresinawrodare,theolnyiproamtnttihngistahtthefrsitandlsatltteerbeintherghitpclae.Thersetcanbeataotlmsesandyoucansitllraeditwhotuitapboerlm.Tihsisbcuseaethehuamnmniddeosnotraederveylteterbyistlef,butthewrodasawlohe.Azanmighuh?yaehandIawlyastghuhotslpelingwasipmorantt!ifyoucanraedtihsforwradit.Howdoyouread?Actually,thecommoncoldisnot assimpleasitseems.Itcanbecausedbyanyof200differentviruses,anditcanbringmiseryineightways:sorethroat,sneezing,runnynosewateryeyes,achesandpains,mildfever,nasalcongestion,andcoughing. PhraseReading—inthoughtgroupsActually, thecommoncold isnot assimple asitseems.Itcanbecaused byanyof200differentviruses,anditcan bringmisery ineightways: sorethroat, sneezing, runnynose wateryeyes, achesandpains, mildfever, nasalcongestion, andcoughing. PhraseReading—inlargerthoughtgroupsActually, thecommoncold isnotassimpleasitseems.Itcanbecaused byanyof200differentviruses,anditcanbringmiseryineightways: sorethroat, sneezing, runnynose,wateryeyes, achesandpains, mildfever,nasalcongestion, andcoughing. Miao132.全面把握篇章的能力同一性和連貫性（Unityandcoherence）UNITY:allthesentenceswithintheparagraphmustberelatedtothemainpoint.Miao14Checkthefollowingparagraphforunity.ManyTVcommercialsimplythatawoman’sself-esteemdependsonhercleaningability.Inonecommercial,weseeawomanterriblyupsetbecauseherguestsfindspotsonherglassware;inanother,ayoungwifewinsherhusband’sheartwithfriedchicken.Countlessothercommercialsbluroutthemessagethatawomanwillpassmusterasapersonifherkitchenfloorgleamsandhertoiletbowlisblue.Thisidiocymustwork,becausetheimagesofwomenscrubbing,mopping,waxingandsmilingkeeponcomingovertheair.Miao15ManyTVcommercialsimplythatawoman’sself-esteemdependsonhercleaningability.Inonecommercial,weseeawomanterriblyupsetbecauseherguestsfindspotsonherglassware;inanother,ayoungwifewinsherhusband’sheartwithfriedchicken.Countlessothercommercialsbluroutthemessagethatawomanwillpassmusterasapersonifherkitchenfloorgleamsandhertoiletbowlisblue.Thisidiocymustwork,becausetheimagesofwomenscrubbing,mopping,waxingandsmilingkeeponcomingovertheair.Miao16CoherenceCoherencereferstosmoothmovingfromonesentencetothenext.Toensurethesmoothflowofideaswithinaparagraph,youcanusepronouns,repeatkeywordsorphrases,andresorttotransitionalsignals.Miao171)Lexicaldevice(1)UsingpronounsEnglishisconsideredaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbymorethan260millionpeopleallovertheworld.Heboughtacarandahouse.Thecarwashugeandthehousewassmall,sosmallthatsometimeshe’dprefertosleepinthecar.HoweverGoogleisboastful.Itcan’tkeepitselffromtellingyouhowinconceivablyfastitis.AskitforinformationonChinesearchaeologyanditcompiles29,400links,adding:“searchtook0.14seconds.”___________________.ItneedshelpdistinguishingbetweenFrancisBacon,the20th—centurypainter,andFrancisBacon,the17th—centuryphilosopher.SometimesGooglelooksalittlefoolish.*AnotherproblemisthatidenticalnamesbaffleGoogle.Miao18Miao19(2)RepeatingkeywordsorusingsynonymsIfyourobjectiveistoscoreagoal,youmustkicktheball.Theballmaynotgowhereyouaimbecauseofamissedkickoraninterceptionbyanopponent.Butifyoucontinuetorunaftertheball,thentheballwilleventuallygetnearertoyourtarget.Youmayneedmoretrainingorthehelpofteammemberstoscoreagoal.Thewintergrowthoffreshvegetablessuchasbeansandtomatoes,celeryandlettuce,inthewarmSouthandtheFarWesthasbeenhithertorestrictedbecauseofcostandtimeortransportationtomarket.Theairlineandhelicopterfreightservicewillspeedsuchhealthyfoodstotheendsofthenation.?)____________________________*Henceoureatinghabitswillchangeperhapsmorethanwerealize.StrawberriesinJanuary,asitwere,availableforall.Theairlineandhelicopterfreightservicerenderallthispossible.Miao20____________.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.*Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.Miao21Miao22(3)UsingnumberThefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiants,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayerisformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.UsingnumberThefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiants,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayerisformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.*About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Miao23MiaoAllRightsReserved24(4)Usingtransitionalsignals(1)Toaddideastogetherand,also,besides,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,too,first,second,finally(2)Toshowemphasisandclarityaboveall,afterall,infact,particularly,thatis,obviously,actually,indeed,ondoubt,certainly,tobesure,asamatteroffact,naturally(3)Toshowsimilaritylike,likewise,inthesamemanner/way,similarlyMiaoAllRightsReserved25(4)Toshowcontrastalthough,but,however,incomparison,incontrast,inspiteof,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,whereas,while,yet(5)Toexpresscauseandeffectrelationshipas,because,dueto,for,forthisreason,nowthat,since,owingto,asaresult/consequence,consequently,therefore,thus(6)Topointoutexampleforexample,forinstance,toillustrate,acaseinpoint,take…forexampleMiaoAllRightsReserved26(7)Todrawaconclusion,aninference,orasummaryinaword,inconclusion,inbrief,inshort,insummary,tosummarize,tosumup,therefore,generallyspeaking,allinall(8)Toindicatetimeattimes,after,afterward,fromthenon,immediately,later,meanwhile,next,now,then,until,while,shortly,inthebeginning/end(9)Toindicateplacehere,there,overthere,beside,between,beyond,above,below,ontheoppositeside,totheright/left,nextto,alongUsingtransitionalsignals___________________.Buttheshorthauloflessthan1000milesisequallythetaskofthehelicopter,whichcandoitwiththegreatestefficiency.

*Long-distancetransportationofpassengersandfreightoverlandandseawilldefinitelyremainthejobforthelargeairplane.Miao27Miao28Sellwhatyoucando,notwhoyouare:

Practicetranslatingyourpersonalitytraits,character,accomplishmentsandachievementsintoskillareas.Thereareatleastfivethousandskillareasintheworldofwork.Forexample,ifyouhaveaflairforsaving,managingandinvestingmoney,youhavemoneymanagementskills.Miao292)Sententialdevices(1)SubstitutionA:Ishetherightpersonforthejob? B:Isupposeso/not.(2)EllipsisA:Haveyouseenhimbefore? B:Yes,Ihave(seenhimbefore).Miao30(3)ParallelismOthertrafficproblem-solvingoptionsbeingstudiedandexperimentedwithincludecarpooling,rapidmass-transitsystems,staggeredorflexibleworkhours,androadpricing,asystemwherebymotoristspayacertainamountforthetimetheyusedahighway.Tohelpsolvetheirtrafficwoes,somerapidlygrowingU.S.citieshavesimplybuiltmoreroads.Buttrafficexpertssaybuildingmoreroadsisaquick-fixsolutionthatwillnotalleviatethetrafficprobleminthelongrun.Miao31Some…others…Notonly…butalso…Ontheonehand…;ontheotherhand…Themore…themore323)SemantictiesIfyouworkasasodajerker,youwill,ofcourse,notneedmuchskillinexpressingyourselftobeeffective.Ifyouworkonamachine,yourabilitytoexpressyourselfwillbeoflittleimportance.Butassoonasyoumoveonestepupfromthebottom,youreffectivenessdependsonyourabilitytoreachothersthroughthespokenorthewrittenword.Andthefurtherawayyourjobisfrommanualwork,thelargertheorganizationofwhichyouareanemployee,themoreimportantitwillbethatyouknowhowtoconveyyourthoughtsinwritingorspeaking.Intheverylargebusinessorganization,whetheritisthegovernment,thelargecorporation,ortheArmy,thisabilitytoexpressoneselfisperhapsthemostimportantofalltheskillsamancanpossess.33SemantictiesIfyouworkasasodajerker,youwill,ofcourse,notneedmuch

skillinexpressingyourselftobeeffective.Ifyouworkonamachine,yourabilitytoexpressyourselfwillbeoflittleimportance.Butassoonasyoumoveonestepupfromthebottom,youreffectivenessdependsonyourability

toreachothersthroughthespokenorthewrittenword.Andthefurtherawayyourjobisfrommanualwork,thelargertheorganizationofwhichyouareanemployee,themoreimportantitwillbethatyouknowhowtoconveyyourthoughtsinwritingorspeaking.Intheverylargebusinessorganization,whetheritisthegovernment,thelargecorporation,ortheArmy,thisabilitytoexpressoneselfisperhapsthemostimportantofalltheskillsamancanpossess.Miao343.把握篇章擴展的能力1）描寫文（Description）方位順序2）說明文（Exposition）定義、列舉、比較對比、因果3）記敘文（Narration）時間、地點順序4）議論文（Argumentation）立論----論證（支持/反駁）----結(jié)論Miao35常見語篇擴展模式：1.話題----問題----解決方法2.結(jié)果----原因/現(xiàn)象----成因3.議題----觀點----論證4.錯誤觀點----異議----論證4.對比與比較Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsforadministrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation—howwecangetpublicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.Thedifficultyofapolicecaptainbecamethecentralfocusofthediscussion.Miao36“Itisalwaysbettertobuyahouse;payingrentislikepouringmoneydownthedrain.”Foryears,suchadvicehasencouragedpeopletoborrowheavilytogetonthepropertyladderassoonaspossible.Butisitstillsoundadvice?Housepricesarecurrentlyatrecordlevelsinrelationtorentsinmanypartsoftheworldanditnowoftenmakesmorefinancialsense—especiallyforfirst-timebuyers—torentinstead.Miao37Miao38解題思路1.從已知信息出發(fā)，了解本段/本文的主旨思想2.就近原則----閱讀視力范圍縮小3.善于利用信號詞（代詞、連詞、數(shù)詞、專有名詞、同義詞、重復的名詞等）4.要具有總體觀，先跳讀全文，接著看選項；做題不用按順序，選做易后做難5.放在段首和段尾的句子的特點解題步驟

1.略讀第一段了解話題（及文章主旨）；2.略讀文章每一段，把握主題句（思想）；3.略讀選項，把握主題句（思想）；4.詳讀文章，注意空格上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，先易后難回插段落；5.檢查P.30MiaoAllRightsReserved39MiaoAllRightsReserved40ThanksAndHavefun!MiaoAllRightsReserved41VocabularyHowmanywordsdoyouknow?abbreviationrelevantpermanentadministrationpetitionagendaaffirmativerevenueapproximatescrutinizeimprovisestagnantchaoticmotivationnegotiatesaturatedubiousbankruptcyindispensablelegislationcontroversycatastropheconfidentialcontaminateMiao42Vocabulary1.Toexpandvocabularythroughreading2.TomemorizewordswiththehelpofsoundsandstructureaffixesrootMiao43Hefellintoaditchandlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.Insecticideisappliedwhereitisneeded.MiaoAllRightsReserved44Spect=seeSpectacleProspect,prospective,Retrospect,introspect,Inspect,inspection,inspectionExpect,expectationRespect,respectful,respectable,respectiveSuspect,suspicious,suspectableCircumspectAspectSpectate,spectator,PerspectiveConspicuousSpecimenMiao453.TounderstandwordsthroughcontextandlogicalrelationshipsKrabacbersuffersfromSAD,whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder,asyndromecharacterizedbysevereseasonalmoodswings.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.Theirgreatestfearwasofaconflagration,sincefirewoulddestroytheirflimsywoodensettlementbeforehelpcouldarrive.MiaoAllRightsReserved46grammarSentencePatternMiaoAllRightsReserved47SentencePattern1.簡單句2.并列句3.復合句MiaoAllRightsReserved481.簡單句（onesubject-predicateconstruction）

Hegotupat6thismorning.Thismorning,hegotupat6,washedhisface,hadasimplebreakfast,andthenwenttoschool.Theduodonspacesuitsandsetouttodiscovertheportalleadingtotheunknownuniverse.Miao493.并列句（<subject+predicate>+<subject+predicate>+<…>）Thismorning,hegotupat6,washedhisface,hadasimplebreakfast,andthenhewenttoschool.并列連詞：

and,but,so,or,fornotonly…butalso;ononehand…ontheotherhand;foronething…foranother;neither…nor;either…or;…MiaoAllRightsReserved502.復合句（mainclause+subordinateclause）主語從句名詞性從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句

形容詞性從句定語從句

主句+從屬分句時間地點原因結(jié)果副詞性從句狀語從句條件

方式目的讓步比較MiaoAllRightsReserved514.復雜句并列句（復合句）復合句（并列句）復合句（復合句）MiaoAllRightsReserved52AsreportscametoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspotted35milessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously,butasevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfeltobliged