醫(yī)學微生物學(第八版)緒論

TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2008Harald

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Hausen,FrancoiseBarre-Sinoussi,LucMontagnierHPV感染上皮細胞宮頸癌生殖器疣HIV機會感染AIDS癤嘔吐醫(yī)學微生物學

MedicalMicrobiology

金志雄Dept.ofmedicalMicrobiologyE.mail:jzx880150@163.com

Introduction

緒論1.Microbiology微生物學Microorganism(Microbe)微生物TypeofMicroorganisms

微生物類型或分類MicrobiologyMedicalMicrobiology2.HistoryofMicrobiology(byyourself)WhatisMicroorganism？Micro-organisms.

areverysmalllivingthingsandaresometimescalledmicrobe.Microbesaresotinythattheycannotbeseenwiththenakedeye.Theycanonlybeseenusingamicroscope.Definition：一群體形細小、結構簡單、肉眼看不見必須借助顯微鏡觀察到的微小生物。Howmanydifferentmicrobescanyouname?一、Threetypesofmicrobes

Bacteria細菌Virus病毒Fungi真菌microbesNon-cellulartype非細胞型:

onlygrowandreproducewithinotherlivingthings-病毒。1.Types類型Prokaryotictype原核細胞型:Single-celledorganisms

Nonuclearmembraneormitoticapparatus,onlynuclearregioncanbeseen,whichcomposedofDNA-細菌、放線菌、衣原體、支原體、立克次體、螺旋體

Eukaryotictype

真核細胞型：

Intracellularmembrane-enclosedorganelles(細胞器)–真菌。

Streptococcus鏈球菌rickettsia

立克次體Spirochete螺旋體chlamydozoa

trachomatis(CT)Chlamydia衣原體Mycoplasma支原體infectionoffungicultureoffungi二、2.Microbedistribution:

廣泛分布于自然界與人和動物體內二、MicroorganismsandHumanBeings

Beneficialactivities-有益

Harmfulactivities-有害

正常菌群（normalflora)

條件致病菌(conditionedpathegen)

病原微生物(diseasemicroorganism)EnvironmentMedicineFoodIndustryBiotechnologyResearchMicrobiology微生物學Microbiology

:thebiologyofmicroorganisms，includingtheevolution(進化),classification(分類),morphology(形態(tài)學),physiology(生理學),genetics(遺傳學),ecology(生態(tài)學)ofmicrobes,andtheirinteractionwithhumanbeing,animalsorplantsaswellaswithnaturalenvironmentMedicalMicrobiology研究病原微生物的生物學特性、感染、免疫機制、診斷及防治等的一門學科。MedicalBacteriologyMedicalViriologyMedicalMycologyParasitologyImmunologyHistoryofMicrobiologyExperiencephase-經(jīng)驗時期Experimentalphase-實驗時期Modernphase-現(xiàn)代時期.LeeuwenhoekLouisPasteurRoberKochBigpersoninmicrobiologyAntonvanLeeuwenhoek1674-1stpersontoactuallyseelivingmicroorganisms荷蘭人呂文虎克（Leeuwenhoek）1632-1723巴斯德(1822-1895)巴氏消毒法傳染病與微生物關系（雞霍亂、炭疽病原）狂犬病疫苗、炭疽疫苗

LouisPasteur

科霍（1843-1910）創(chuàng)立細菌染色法創(chuàng)用固體培養(yǎng)基發(fā)現(xiàn)炭疽芽胞桿菌、結核分枝桿菌和霍亂弧菌1905年諾貝爾獎RobertKochDicoveryofAntibioticsAlexanderFleming(1881-1955)

AlexanderFlemingErnstBorisChainHowardWalterFloreyHowtostudymicrobiologyBasicconceptsofMicrobiology

2.BasicKnowledgeofMicrobiology3.BasictheoryofMicrobiology4.NewadvancedprogressinMicrobiologySummaryMicroorganismanditstypeSignificantcharacteristicsofcelltypesandnon-celltypemicrobesKoch’spostulatesLouisPas