高中英語(yǔ)必修五重點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)

PAGEPAGE11高中英語(yǔ)必修五重點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)Unit1:1.putforward:提出（計(jì)劃、建議等）；將…提前；把鐘表?yè)芸靍.g.Heputforwardagoodplanforthisproject.他為這項(xiàng)工程提出了一個(gè)好的方案。Thematchhasbeenputforwardto1:30.比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點(diǎn)半舉行。Puttheclockforwardbytenminutes.把鐘表?yè)芸焓昼??！驹~語(yǔ)聯(lián)想】?putaway:收起來(lái)；貯存，儲(chǔ)蓄?putdown:放下；寫(xiě)下，記下?putoff:推遲；延期?puton:穿上；增加；上演（戲?。〆.g.putonweight:增加了體重putonanewplay:上演新戲劇?putup:張貼；撐開(kāi)（帳篷）e.g.putupaposterputupatent:搭起帳篷2.conclude:v.作結(jié)論，斷定（conclusion:n.結(jié)論）e.g.Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定他有罪?！玖?xí)慣用語(yǔ)】★drawaconclusion作出結(jié)論3.defeatvt.打敗,擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝；使(希望,計(jì)劃等)失敗,挫敗;阻撓,使無(wú)效e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最終承認(rèn)了失敗?！魠^(qū)別:defeat,conquer,overcome?defeat指“贏得勝利”,尤其指“軍事上的勝利”,e.g.defeattheenemy打敗敵人。?conquer指“征服”、”戰(zhàn)勝”,特別指“獲得對(duì)人、物或感情的控制”,e.g.conquernature?overcome指“戰(zhàn)勝”、“壓倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,e.g.overcomedifficulties4.attend:v.1)tobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture...)出席；參加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.他決定親自赴會(huì)。2)tolookafter,carefor,serve照顧；看護(hù)。e.g.Whichdoctorisattendingto(on)you?哪位醫(yī)生護(hù)理你？3）togowith伴隨e.g.Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.這項(xiàng)工作帶來(lái)許多困難。5.expose...to...e.g.Don'texposeyourskintothesunfortoolong.Theyhadtobeexposedtotheenemy'sgunfire.6.blamesb.forsth.因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人e.g.Heblamedtheboyforhismistake.★betoblame:應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任Whoistoblameforthemistake？這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)歸咎于誰(shuí)？7.inaddition:除此之外，另外,意思相當(dāng)于besides,what'smoree.g.Ipaid100Yuaninaddition.InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondlanguage.◆區(qū)別:inadditionto,except,besides,beside?inadditionto：除…之外，還有…，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。e.g.Thecompanyprovidedtheworkerswithfreelunchinadditiontopaidholidays.這家公司為員工們提供帶薪假期，還有免費(fèi)午餐。?except:除…之外，表示在整體中排除，e.g.Everyoneexceptmegotaninvitation.除了我以外,所有人都收到了請(qǐng)柬.?besides表示“除了……以外，還有……”，與inadditionto同義，e.g.BesidesMrWang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.王先生也去了。Weallagreedbesideshim.我們都同意,他也同意。?beside:在…旁邊。表示方位。e.g.Lilysitsbesidemeinclass.莉莉在班上做我旁邊。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1）HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.e.g.HespeaksFrenchinadditionto/besidesEnglish.2)Apartfromthesalary,it’snotabadjob.e.g.Inadditionto/Exceptthesalary,it’snotabadjob.8.announce:公布；宣告e.g.Heannouncedhisdecision.他宣布了他的決定。9.absorbv.1)吸收Aspongeabsorbswater.海綿吸水。2）專心于★beabsorbedinsth:專心的，全神貫注的Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.這個(gè)小姑娘正在全神貫注的閱讀一篇故事。10.challengen.挑戰(zhàn);挑戰(zhàn)書(shū);邀請(qǐng)比賽;要求決斗vt.向...挑戰(zhàn),要求,懷疑;vi.挑戰(zhàn),對(duì)(證據(jù)等)表示異議e.g.meettheseriouschallenge面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)Unit2:1.consistof＝bemadeupof由……組成(沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)）e.g.TheUKconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.＝GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUK.2.區(qū)別:?separate...from(把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來(lái)）?o把…分開(kāi)（把整體分為若干部分）e.g.Theteacherdividedtheclassintotwogroups.TheTaiwanStraitseparatesTaiwanfromFujian.3.debateaboutsth.e.g.Theydebateabouttheproposalforthreedays.debate/argue/quarrel4.clarify:vt./vi.(causesth.to)becomeclearoreasiertounderstand澄清；闡明;清楚；明了e.g.IhopewhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.Canyouclarifythequestion?5.belinkedto=beconnectedto/bejoinedto連接【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】★linkAtoB將A和B連接起來(lái)6.referto1)提及，指的是……e.g.Whenhesaid“somestudents”,doyouthinkhewasreferringtous?2)參考；查閱；詢問(wèn)e.g.Ifyoudon'tunderstandawordyoumayrefertoyourdictionaries.Pleaserefertothelastpageofthebookforanswers.3)關(guān)系到；關(guān)乎e.g.WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.Thisrulereferstoeveryone.reference:n.參考e.g.referencebooks參考書(shū)7.toone'ssurprise(prep)“toone's+名詞”表“令某人……”常見(jiàn)的名詞有“delight,disappointment,enjoyment,astonishment等e.g.Idiscovered,tomyhorror,thatthegoodswereentirelyunfitforsale.ToJohn'sgreatrelieftheyreachedthehouseatlast.8....foundthemselvesunitedpeacefully“find+賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)(adj;adv;v-ing;pp;介詞短語(yǔ)；不定式）”e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.You'llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.9.getsthdone=havesthdone使某事被做…….e.g.I'lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI'llcome.get+n.+todoget+n.+doingYou'llgethertoagree.I'llgetthecargoing.getdone:用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”e.g.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)脫離；破除…e.g.Itisnoteasyforhimtobreakawayfrombadhabits.Themanbrokeawayfromhisguards.breakdown(會(huì)談)破裂，失?。?汽車等)出故障；(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣；（情感）失控e.g.Hiscarbrokedownonthewaytoworkthismorning.Hishealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.Talksbetweenthetwocountrieshavecompletelybrokendown.?breakin闖入；打岔?breakoff中斷，折斷?breakinto闖入?breakout爆發(fā);發(fā)生?breakup驅(qū)散；分散，拆散11.aswellas不僅…而且；既…又…e.g.Heisateacheraswellasawriter.Thechildrenaswellastheirfatherwereseenplayingfootballinthestreet.12.convenience:n.方便；便利（convenient:adj.）e.g.Weboughtthishouseforitsconvenience.13.attraction:（attract:v.）1).吸引；引力(不可數(shù)n.)e.g.attractionofgravitation重力2).吸引人的東西；喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的東西；精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù)n.)Hecan'tresisttheattractionoftheseaonahotday.Abigcityoffersmanyandvariedattractions.Whataretheprincipleattractionsthisevening?14.influence1)v.對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響e.g.Whatinfluenceyoutochooseacareerinteaching?2)可數(shù)n.產(chǎn)生影響的人或事e.g.Heisoneofthegoodinfluencesintheschool.3)(不可數(shù)n.)影響e.g.Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.Unit3:1.impressionn.印記；印象；感想；后接ofsb./ofsth./onsb./that從句；e.g.Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.Igottheimpressionthattheywereunhappyaboutthesituation.知識(shí)拓展：impressv.給……留下深刻的印象；使銘記；使感動(dòng)；常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：impresssth.on/uponsb./impresssb.withsth.給……留下深刻的印象；使銘記；e．gItimpressedmethatsherememberedmyname.令我佩服的是她記得我的名字。2.remindv.提醒；使想起；常用結(jié)構(gòu)有:remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事；remindsb.＋(that)/wh-從句提醒某人……；使某人想起……；remindsb.about/ofsth.使某人想起或意識(shí)到……；提醒某人某事e.g.I'msorry,butI'veforgottenyourname,canyouremindme?Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.知識(shí)拓展：remindern.提醒物；引起回憶的事物3.constantlyadv.始終；一直；重復(fù)不斷地e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.時(shí)尚總是日新月異。知識(shí)拓展：constantadj.連續(xù)發(fā)生的；不斷的；重復(fù)的；4.previousadj.先前的；以往的；（時(shí)間上）稍前的e.g.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryforthisjob.Icouldn'tbelieveitwhenIheardthenews.Ihadonlyseenhimthepreviousday.知識(shí)拓展：previouslyadv.先前的；早先e.g.Thebuildinghadpreviouslybeenusedasahotel.5.bendv.（bentbent）彎曲；使彎曲；彎腰；彎身；e.g.It'shardtobendanironbar.把鐵棒弄彎很不容易。Shebentherheadandkissedherdaughter.她低下頭吻了她的女兒。常用搭配有:bendone'smind/effortstosth.致力于某事bendsb.tosth.迫使；說(shuō)服bendthetruth歪曲事實(shí)6.pressv.壓；按；推；擠；堅(jiān)持；敦促n.報(bào)章雜志，新聞工作者，新聞界e.g.Shepressedahandkerchieftohisnose.她用手絹捂住鼻子。Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedal.她用力踩下油門(mén)踏板。Heisstillpressingherclaimforcompensation.他仍堅(jiān)持索賠。Thepresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.庭審謝絕新聞采訪。7.switchn.&v.用作名詞表示“開(kāi)關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)換”。用作動(dòng)詞表示“轉(zhuǎn)換”。e.g.Shemadetheswitchfromfull-timetopart-timeworkwhenherfirstchildwasborn.Pressthesetwokeystoswitchbetweendocumentsonscreen.Ican'tworknextweek,willyouswitchwithme?8.lackn.&v.用作名詞，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作動(dòng)詞，表示：“缺乏；短缺；沒(méi)有；不足”。e.g.alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金錢(qián)/技能Thetripwascancelledthroughlackofinterest.因?yàn)槿狈εd趣這次旅行被取消了。Helacksconfidence.他缺乏信心。知識(shí)拓展：lackingadj.缺乏；沒(méi)有；匱乏；不足9.surroundingsn.[pl.]環(huán)境；surroundv.圍繞；環(huán)繞surroundingadj.周圍的；附近的e.g.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasantsurroundings.10.catch/gain/getsightof發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出?losesightof看不見(jiàn),忘記?loseone'ssight失明?atfirstsight一見(jiàn)就；乍看起來(lái)Atfirstsight,theproblemseemseasy.?at(the)sightof一看見(jiàn)就……Atthesightoftheteacher,theboyranaway.?beinsight看得見(jiàn)，在眼前Theislandisstillinsight.?outofsight看不見(jiàn)Outofsight,outofmind.11.takeuptofilloruseanamountofspaceortime占用（時(shí)間）；占據(jù)（空間）tolearntoorstarttodosth開(kāi)始做（某項(xiàng)工作）；開(kāi)始從事toacceptsth.thatisofferedoravailable接受（建議或能得到的東西）e.g.Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.這張桌子太占地兒。Theyhavetakenupgolf.他們學(xué)起打高爾夫球來(lái)了。Shetookuphisofferofadrink.他請(qǐng)她喝一杯，她接受了。Hetakesuphisdutiesnextweek.他下周就要開(kāi)始履行職責(zé)。12.sweepup打掃；清掃；橫掃；涌向；快速地抱起e.g.Hesweptupthebabyupintohisarms.他一把將孩子抱進(jìn)懷里Unit4:1.concentratevi.聚精會(huì)神，集中思想，多與on和upon或連用Concentrateonyourwork.集中精神工作。e.g.Adrivershouldconcentrateontheroadwhendriving.Industrialdevelopmentisbeingconcentratedinthewestofthecountry.2.acquirevt.獲得,學(xué)到，取得，擁有acquired,acquiringe.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.Somesmokingandalcoholicdrinksareanacquiredtasteandarenotinborn.3.accusesb.ofdoingsth.指責(zé)，指控accused,accusinge.g.Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他謀殺。Sheaccusedhimlying.她指責(zé)他說(shuō)謊.Hewaswronglyaccusedofstealing.他誤遭控告犯偷盜罪.4.beofinterest/importance,value,use,help,...=interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...e.g.Thisisamatterofgreatimportance.這是一件非常重要的事。Thebookisofgreatvaluetome.這本書(shū)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有很大價(jià)值。Thereisnothinginteresting/ofinterestintoday'snewspaper.5.journalistn.新聞?dòng)浾?；新聞工作者e.g.Heisaprofessionaljournalist.他是一位專門(mén)的新聞從業(yè)人員6.delighteda.高興的,快樂(lè)的e.g.Iamreallydelighted.我真的很高興?！驹~語(yǔ)聯(lián)想】delightn.高興,愉快；vt.使高興,樂(lè)于；vi.感到高興(或愉快、快樂(lè))e.g.Singingisherchiefdelight.唱歌是她的主要愛(ài)好。7.assistn.幫助,協(xié)助；vt.幫助,促進(jìn)；vi.協(xié)助,參加【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】?assistsb.withsth.幫助某人[做某事]?assistsb.todosth.幫助某人[做某事]?assistsb.indoingsth.幫助某人[做某事]◆區(qū)別:help,aid,assist都含"幫助"、"援助"的意思。?help系常用詞,意義較aid,assist強(qiáng),指"以積極態(tài)度給予各方面的幫助",強(qiáng)調(diào)"受助者得到幫助或好處",并著重"受助者對(duì)幫助的需要"e.g.Pleasehelpmearrangethesepapers.?aid屬較正式用語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)"幫助受助者脫離困難或危險(xiǎn)",有時(shí)意味著"強(qiáng)者援助弱者"e.g.Theyaidedfloodvictims.?assist是正式用語(yǔ),多指"在提供幫助時(shí),幫助者起次要或起協(xié)助作用"e.g.Sheassistedhiminhisexperiments.Unit5：1.firstaid的意思是“急救”，例如：firstaidtotheinjured給予傷員的急救。短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想give/offeraid援助cometosb'said幫助某人teachingaids教具medicalaid醫(yī)療救護(hù)withtheaidof借助于getinjured受傷，在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中大量地出現(xiàn)了由“get+及物動(dòng)詞不達(dá)意的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這叫g(shù)et-型被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。又如：Thecomputergot(was)damagedwhenweweremoving.Mybikeisgetting(isbeing)repairedrow.2.Protect動(dòng)詞，“保護(hù)、維護(hù)”，用于句式“protect+名詞+against/from+名詞”。e.g.Heiswearingsunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.【短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想】?Keep...from...不讓/避免?stop...(from)...阻止?prevent...(from)...妨礙/防止?disable...from...使……失去（能力/資格）?save...from...挽救、拯救3.dependon取決于。e.g.Theamountyoupaydependsonwhereyoul