Pygmalion(皮革馬利翁)的詳細介紹與拓展

PygmalionbyGeorgeBernardShawOutlinePartI.QuzziPartII.AuthorandthebackgroundPartIII.PygmalionEffectPartIV.PlotPartV.CharactersAnalysisPartVI.ExtensionPartIQuizz...

1.ThistextismainlyaboutHenryHigginsandColonelPickering_________aboutteachingEliza.A.makingaconversationB.quarrelingC.makingabetD.fighting一、選擇題

2.ElizacametovisitHenryHigginsandColonelPickeringinordertoletthem_________A.givehersomemoneyB.giveherajobasaflowershop’sassistantC.teachherspeakwellD.haveabath

3.Elizaonlyofferedthem________iftheycouldteachher.A.1shillingB.2shillingsC.nothingD.3shillings

4.HenryHigginsandcolonelPickeringfinallydecidedto_______Eliza.A.throwbackB.teachC.onlyteachherhowtospeakD.beat

5.Elizarefusedtohaveabath,fromwhatshesaid,wecaninferthatsheliveda________life.A.miserableB.happyC.good

D.dirty二、判斷題6、AccordingtoProfessorHiggins,itisLANGUAGEthatdecidesone'spositioninsociety.7、Accordingtothenovel,ElizaandProfessorHigginsgotmarriedintheend.三、問答題8、WhatdoyouthinkHigginswouldhavetodotochangeElizaintoalady?9、WhydidPickeringfancyhimself?10、HowdoyouthinkColonelPickering?

1.ThistextismainlyaboutHenryHigginsandColonelPickering_________aboutteachingEliza.A.makingaconversationB.quarrelingC.makingabetD.fighting

2.ElizacametovisitHenryHigginsandColonelPickeringinordertoletthem_________A.givehersomemoneyB.giveherajobasaflowershop’sassistantC.teachherspeakwellD.haveabath

3.Elizaonlyofferedthem________iftheycouldteachher.A.1shillingB.2shillingsC.nothingD.3shillings

4.HenryHigginsandcolonelPickeringfinallydecidedto_______Eliza.A.throwbackB.teachC.onlyteachherhowtospeakD.beat

5.Elizarefusedtohaveabath,fromwhatshesaid,wecaninferthatsheliveda________life.A.miserableB.happyC.good

D.dirtyAccordingtoProfessorHiggins,itisLANGUAGEthatdecidesone‘spositioninsociety.T7:Accordingtothenovel,ElizaandProfessorHigginsgotmarriedintheend.F8、WhatdoyouthinkHigginswouldhavetodotochangeElizaintoalady?InordertohaveElizamakeabigchange,Higginshastoteachherfromthealphabet9、WhydidPickeringfancyhimself?Becausehecanpronouncetwenty-fourdistinctvowelsounds.10、HowdoyouthinkColonelPickering?Heisverykindandwell-educatedPartIIAboutGeorgeBernardShaw

and

thebackground...GeorgeBernardShaw（1856-1950）●HisDramatic

Writings●PopularityofShaw●Dramatist

of

Ideas●BriefIntroduction●Mrs.Warren'sProfession●HislifetimeThePerson:

Irish

comicdramatist,literarycritic,andsocialistpropagandist（宣傳者）

,winneroftheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1925.

愛爾蘭劇作家,文學評論家,社會主義的宣傳者,1925年因作品具有“理想主義”和“人道主義”獲諾貝爾文學獎。GeorgeBernardShaw1856-1950

AfreethinkerAdefenderofwomen'srightsAadvocateofequalityofincome.BernardShawwasborninDublin,Ireland,ofEnglishparentagein1856.Hewasinterestedinliterature,musicandart.Heleftschoolat14andstartedtowork.lifeTimeHehadmuchcontactwiththepoorpeopleandcametoknowtheirmiserablelife.Between1879and1883,hestartedtoattendpublicmeetings.In1884,hejoinedtheFabianSociety.From1885,heservedasacriticofmusicanddrama,heintroduceddanewstandardinjudgingperformersandcomposers.WhentheFirstWorldWarbrokeout,hedenouncedthoseimperialist

war-launchersinhisbook,CommonSenseAbouttheWar.In1925,hewontheNobelPrize..HevisitedtheformerSovietUnionin1931.In1933,hevisitedChina

andmetMadamSongQinglingandMr.LuXun.魯迅、蕭伯納、蔡元培Shaw’sBirthplaceinDublinbedroomShaw’scornerIn1906theShawsmovedintoahouse,nowcalledShaw’sCornerShaw—DramatistofIdeas（觀念劇）:ThesocialcontextoftheTheatreofIdeasisthattheendofthe19thcenturywasaperiodinwhichideasofreformflourished—socialists,feminists—andotherswereexcitedbyideas,analyzedthem,andusedthemasweaponsagainsttheestablishedtraditions.ShawandIbsen(Norwegianplaywright,ADoll'sHouse):originatedinEnglandbutborrowedfromIbsen.

IbsenHowever,ShawandIbsenaredifferentShawGeorgeBernardShawShaw—DramatistofIdeas:I、Hispurposeofwritingtheseplaysof“ideas”istodrawpeople’sattentiontothesocialproblems.

Shaw—“Dramaisnomeresettingupofthecameratonature;itisthepresentation...ofproblem.”

Shawcalledhisfirstplays“unpleasant”,because“theirdramaticpowerisusedtoforcethespectatortofaceunpleasantfact.”

GeorgeBernardShawPopularityofShaw:

Betweenthefallof1904andthesummerof1907,thenewtheatregave988performancesof32playstoitsaudiences.Amongthe32playswere11playsbyBernardShawwith701performances.GeorgeBernardShawHismainworks:

Widowers'Houses《鰥夫的房產(chǎn)》CashelByron‘sProfession《卡希爾·拜倫的職業(yè)》SaintJoan《圣女貞德》Pygmalion《賣花女》（1964年改編成電影《窈窕淑女》，當年獲奧斯卡最佳影片、最佳導演、最佳改編音樂等八座小金人。）TheDevil'sDisciple《魔鬼的門徒》ManandSuperman《人與超人》HeartbreakHouse《傷心之家》Mrs.Warren'sProfession《華倫夫人的職業(yè)》MajorBarbara《巴巴拉少?！稵heAppleCart《蘋果車》TheDoctor'sDilemma《醫(yī)生的兩難選擇》BacktoMethuselah《長生》或《千歲人》CaesarandCleopatra《凱撒和克婁巴特拉》Dramaticwriting:Hisfirstplayin1893,Widowers’Houses,andthen

Mrs.Warren’sProfessionThedecadeof20thcenturybeforeWWIisaperiodofhighproductivityforShaw:

ManandSuperman(1903)《人與超人》

MajorBarbara(1907)《芭芭拉上?！?/p>

Pygmalion(1914)《賣花女》；《窈窕淑女》GeorgeBernardShawWidowers'HousesManandSupermanMajorBarbaraPygmalion

——MyFairLadyWWIisaturningpointforShaw.His

anti-warspeechesandhispamphlet

CommonSenseabouttheWar

madehimthetarget['tɑ:git]ofmuchcriticism.

HeartbreakHouse(1919),《傷心之家》

Saint

[seint]

Joan

[d??un]

(1924)

《圣女貞德》GeorgeBernardShawFeaturesofhisplay蕭伯納的戲劇最突出的特點是緊密結合現(xiàn)實政治斗爭，敢于觸及資本主義社會最本質的問題，把剝削階級的丑惡嘴臉暴露在公眾前。revealsocialconflictsAStrongSenseofComedyStrikinglyeasy,dazzlinglywittydialogueMrs.Warren’sProfession:

.TheplayMrs.Warren’sProfessionwascalledbythewriterhimself“PlaysUnpleasant”.Unpleasanttheyweretothebourgeois(資產(chǎn)階級）public,becauseG.B.Shawattackedinthemthevicesofcapitalistsociety.Mrs.Warren'sProfessionLeadingRolesMrs.KittyWarren-Anattractive,middle-agedbusinesswoman,madewealthybyrunningastringofbrothels（妓院）Mr.Praed-AfriendofMrs.Warren,middle-agedandattractive,agoodmanSirGeorgeCrofts-Mrs.Warren'sbusinesspartner--middle-aged,stodgy,entitledmemberoftheupperclassReverendSamuelGardner-AlocalministerandVivie'sbiologicalfatherVivieWarren-Mrs.Warren'sdaughter,justgraduatedfromcollegewithhonors.FrankGardner-YouthfulsonofReverendGardner.2.Thewritershowsthatundertheguiseofbourgeoisrespectability，horriblecrimesandcorruptionareconcealed.InthisplayShawaccusesthebourgeoisieofmakingprofitbyfosteringprostitution（賣淫）.Mrs.Warren’sprofessioniskeepingbrothels.Mr.Croftsisherpartnerinthisbusiness.

Theplaytellsanoutrageous（令人吃驚的）truthinamoribund（垂死的）capitalistsociety,evenprostitutioncanbemadeameansofexploitationbyanex-prostituteMrs.Warren,andasoundinvestmentbyarespectablearistocrat（貴族）SirGeorgeCrofts在藝術手法上，他通過人物對話和思想感情交鋒來表現(xiàn)性格沖突和主思想。作品批判不講道德、貪婪、腐朽的資產(chǎn)階級生活。揭發(fā)披華貴外衣者的墮落，揭露了資本主義社會的經(jīng)濟基礎但對華倫夫人這類賣淫從業(yè)者給予了深切同情，因為逼良為娼是社會的罪惡。Pygmalion:BackgroundPygmalion:Background

PygmalionissetinLondon,England,aroundthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.DuringthistimeinLondon,working-classpeoplelikeElizaDoolittlePygmalion:Background

livedinslums（貧民窟）hadnoheatorhotwaterhadtoputcoinsinametertogetelectriclightPygmalion:Background

TheclassstructureinEnglandatthistimewasveryrigid.upperclassmiddleclassworkingclassPygmalion:Background

Thegovernmentdidprovidesomeschooling.However,aneducationdidnotteachtheproperspeechthatwasconsideredasignoftheupperclass.Pygmalion:Background

Thewaythatmanyworking-classpeoplespokewasanobstacle（障礙）totheirbecomingmiddleclass.PartIIIPygmalionEffect...Whatmythbehind"Pigmalion"?

Actually,”Pigmalion”iscamefromGreekstory.Pigmalion,akingofCyprus(塞浦路斯）wasafamousscuptorandhehadnointerestinlocalwomen.Hefoundthemimmoralandfrivolous,instead,heconcerntratedonhisartuntilonedayheranacrossalarge,flawlesspieceofivoryanddecidedtocarveabeautifulwomanfromit.

Whenhehadfinishedthestatue,Pigmalionfounditsolovelyandtheimageofhisidealwomanthatheclothedthefigureandadornedherinjewels.hegavethestatueaname“Galatea”(伽拉泰亞）,sleepingloveHefoundhimselfobsessedwithhisidealwoman,sohewenttothetempleofAphrodit(阿芙洛忒迪,希臘神話中的愛神)tobegforawifeasperfectashisstatue.Aphroditewascuriousaboutit.soshevisitedthesculptorandwascharmedbyhiscreation,actually,Galateawastheimageofherself.flattered,Aphroditebroughtthestatuetolife.whenPigmalionreturned,hefoundheralive.Burne-Jones,Edward“PygmalionandtheImageSeries:TheSoulAttains”1878Whilehestandsastonishedandglad,,Healsofearedthathemightbeinthedream,sohetouchestheobjectofhishopesagainandagainwithalover‘sardor.

Itwasindeedalive!Finally,theygotmarriedashehadwhished.Butnow...Pigmalioneffect(皮革馬利翁效應）“Whatwebelieveinfluenceshowwebehave.Likewise,howwebehaveimpactswhatpeoplethinkaboutus.Inturn,thisaffectshowothersbehavetowardsus.Ultimately,howtheybehavetowardsusreinforceswhatwebelievedaboutourselvesinthefirstplace.”RelationbetweenPigmalionand“myfairlady”Relationandcomparasion???ThethemeoftheGreekstory:Pygmalion,anartistcreatedastatuefromstoneandmadeithaveanewlife.Thethemeof“Myfairlady”:Higgins,aphoneticsturnedagirlfromlowerclasspeopletoafairladybyteachingherEnglishandhowtobehaveingracefulway.PartIVPlot...HenryHigginsAphoneticprofessor

Elizabeth

Doolittle

a

flower

girl

！Shewantstolearntospeakproperlysothatshecangetajobinaflowershopinsteadofsellingflowersonthestreet.ElizacomestoHiggins’shousetoaskhimtogiveherspeechlessons.HenryHigginsColonelPickeringbet★dress★train

“thisisthehardestformetodo.”★takehertothepartyFreddyEynsford-HillAfterallofthehardwork,Elizabecameareallady.Ontheroyalball,shewasconsideredasaprincessbytheroyallinguist.“itisabigsuccess.”Asbeingoverlooked,Elizalefthenry’shouse.HenrywasangryandlookingforElizaeverywhere.HefoundElizawasinhismother’shouse.It’sthetimeforhimtofollowhisheart.PartVCharactersAnalysis...ElizaDoolittle(E):apoorflowergirlwhoisambitioustoimproveherself.ColonelPickering(P):anofficerinthearmyandlaterafriendof

Higgins’whosetshimatask.

Let’scheckProfessorHiggins(H):anexpertinphonetics,convincedthatthequality

ofaperson’sEnglishdecides

his/

herpositioninsociety.

MaincharactersfrommiddleclassElizaDiscussion

Henry

HigginsfromupperclassTextrudeimpatientconfidentsuperiorself-importantColonelPickeringkindpoliteconfidentgenerousenthusiasticeageranxiousunsureemotionalambitiousfromlowerclassComprehending

CharacterPositioninsocietyEvidenceintheplayElizaLowerclassBehavior:respectfultopeopleofhigherclassLanguage:callsgentleman“sir”and“cap’in”(orcaptain)whichisacomplimentCharacterPositionInsocietyEvidenceintheplayHenryHigginsBehavior:rude(andpatronizing)tolowerclass;politetosameorupperclassLanguage:callsEliza“yousillygirl”andPickering“mydearman”(anequalandfriend)MiddleclassCharacterPositioninsocietyEvidenceintheplayColonelPickeringBehavior:generallyconfidentandpolite;butignoresElizaLanguage:preparedtobeginaconversationwithHenry,whomhedoesnotknow;generouswithpraisetohimUpperclassPartVIExtension ...ReceivedPronunciation標準發(fā)音*

ReceivedPronunciation(RP)isthestandardaccentofStandardEnglishinEngland.Theaccentemergedfromthe18th-and19th-Centuryaristocracy(貴族),andhasremainedthe“goldstandard”eversince.RPisthekindofEnglishthatusedtobespokenontelevisionorradio.It'sveryrarethatyou'llfindsomeonewhoreallyspeaksRPEnglish,probablythequeenisoneofthefewpeoplewhospeakthatway.(BBCEnglish,OxfordEnglish,Queen’sEnglish)Cockneyaccent倫敦東郊貧民英語*

Cockneyhasbothageographicandalinguisticconnotation.Geographically,itisoftenusedtorefertoworking-classLondonersinthe

East-End.Linguistically,itcanrefertotheaccentandformofEnglishspokenbythisgroup.

CockneyaccentisprobablythesecondmostfamousofBritishAccents.ItoriginatedintheEastEndofLondon,butsharesmanyfeatureswithandinfluencesotherdialectsinthatregion.

CockneyEnglish一個很明顯的特點是吞音，比如單詞開頭的h被dropped：him---‘im,have-‘a(chǎn)ve,在TV里面t吞音更常見，你是否聽過有人大喊ge(t)ou(t).CockneyRhymingSlang(同韻俚語)isaformofphraseconstructionwhichinvolvesreplacingacommonwordwitharhymingphraseoftwoorthreewordsandthen.applesandpearsstairsdogandbone