英語1986年-1988考研真題

1988年Section StructureandIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Iwascaught therainANSWER:[A]Ididn’tbuytheapples;shegavethemtome It’s mypowertomakefinaldecisiononthe[D]IshouldsayHenryisnot muchawriterasaIwon’tpay20forthecoat;it’snotworth allthatthatmuchthatallmuchallHedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke ininininIt’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenew ,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonWhenyouareaboutthroughthestory ,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.one-Thoughalreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithardto hisfavoritepartpartpartpart cutcutcutcut

ernmentexpensestoaWhenataparty,besurenotto fromthewhotriestoengageyouinconversation.turnturnturnturnThesurvival ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.Hewas admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlyWhenIaskyouaquestion,Iexpecta Ifamanislegallyseparatedfromhiswife,ishestill forherAtthemeeting,Rolandargued infavoroftheSection ReadingEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisng.Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”O(jiān)r,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccuray.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownalreactions.Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy, itisnoitmeansyouhavenotreallylearneditmeansyouhavenotchosentherightyourealizeitisofnoBeforeyoustartreading,itisimportant tomakesurewhyyouaretorelatetheinformationtoyourtorememberwhatyoutochooseaninterestingReadingactivityinvolves onlytwosimultaneousprimarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemmerelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandmainlydrawingaccurateAgoodreaderisonewho relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectdoeslotsofthinkinginhistakesacriticalattitudeinhisisabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyIfyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisngatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.Exposuretoloudnoisescandefiniyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorNoisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeetaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft).Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingitisaspecialtypeoflouditisusuallyunavoidableinbigitcanbedefinedmorepreciselythantheOneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat itreducesone’sitrendersthevictimitdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofitdrownsoutconversationsatThepurposeofthispassageis todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumantowarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisetogiveadviceastohowtopreventhearingtolthedifferencebetweennoiseandThetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thus,evenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterherchildrenbeforetheyareofschoolage,formanywomen,thisperiodwouldextendonlyforabouttenyears.Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.Thatmaybeso,butitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelifecooking,cleaning,mendingandsewing.Washingmachinestakedrudgeryoutoflaundry,thelatestmodelsbeingentirelyautomaticandabletowashanddryalargetyofclothesinafewminutes.Refrigeratorshavemadeitpossibletostorefoodforlongperiodsandmanypre-cookedfoodsareobtainableintins.Shop,insteadofbeingadailytask,canbecompletedinonedayaweek.Thenewman-madefibersaremorehardwiringthannaturalfibersandgreatlyreducemending,whilegoodready-madeclothesarecheapandplentiful.Apartfromwomen’sownhappiness,theneedsofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.Modernsocietycannotdowellwithoutthecontributionthatwomencanmakeinprofessionsandotherkindsofwork.Thereisaseriousshortageofnursesandteachers,tomentiononlytwooftheoccupationsfollowedbywomen.Itisextremelywastefultogiveyearsoftrainingatpublicexpenseonlytohavethequalifiedteacherornursemarryafterayearortwoandbelostforevertoherprofession.Thetraining,itistrue,willhelpherindutiesasamother,butifshecontinuedtowork,herservicewouldbemorewidelyuseful.Manyfactoriesandshops,too,arelargelystaffedbywomen,manyofthemmarried.Whileherethequestionoftrainingisnotsoimportant,industryandtradewouldbeseriouslyshortofstaffifmarriedwomendidnotwork.Theauthorholdsthat therightplaceforallwomen,marriedorotherwise,isthehome,notallmarriedwomenshouldhavesomeoccupationoutsidetheamarriedwomanshouldgivefirstprioritytoherdutiesasaitisdesirableforuneducatedmarriedwomentostayathomeandtakecareofthefamilyAhouse-proudwoman woulddevoteherwholelifetoherwouldtakeherownhappinessandthatofherfamilyasherchiefwouldstillneedsomespecialtrainingatpublicexpensetohelpherinherdutiesasahousewifewouldtakefulladvantageofmodernhouseholdAccordingtotheauthor,modernsociety canoperatejustaswellevenwithoutwomenhasbeengreatlyhamperedinitsdevelopmentbytheshortageofwomennursesandwomenteacherscannotoperateproperlywithoutthecontributionofwillbeseriouslyaffectedbythecontinuingshortageofworkingwomeninheavyindustriesandinternationaltradeSectionIIIClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)In1620,asmallsailboatnamedtheMayflowerleftEnglandfortheNewWorld.TheMayflowerheadedfortheJamestowncolonyonthewarmshoreofVirginia.ItsonehundredpassengerswerethePilgrims.TheywerelookingforaplacewheretheyworshipGod大26BecauseofstrongwindsandseverestormstheMayflowerits大27ThebravegroupofcolonistsfinallyhadtolandatPlymouthontherockycoastofMassachusettsinDecember1620.Itwasthemiddleofthesternnorthernwinter.大28家monthsofstarvation,disease,anddeathwereaheadofthem.Onlythestrongestofthepilgrims大29家thatwinter.Manywomengavetheirownrationstotheirchildrenanddiedforlackoffoodforthemselves.Living大30begantoimproveinthespringof1621.Therewerewildvegetables.Therewereberriesandfruit.Fishandgamewereplentiful.Therefore,theywereabletogetenoughfreshmeatdespitetheirlackofskillorexperienceinhuntingandfishing.Thehealth大31家withthewarmweatherandtheirbetterInthefall,theylookback大32家thepastyear.Theywerebothregretfulthankful.Onlyfiftyoftheoriginalonehundredpassengersremained.Thepriceinhumanlifeandtragedyhadbeengreat.Ontheotherhand,theysawnewhopeforfutureAsplendidharvestwas大33家them.TheywerereadyforthesecondwinterwithconfidenceTheyhadelevencrudehousesforprotectionagainsttheseverewinter.Sevenwereforfamilies,andfourwereforcommunaluse.大34,theyestablishedatreatyoffriendshipwiththeirnneighborsunderChiefMassasoitinthesummer.Thewoodsandforestsbecamesafe.WhentheMayflowerreturnedtoEnglandsummer,therewerenocolonists大35.Attheendoftheirfirstyearintheirhome,thePilgrimswantedtocelebratewitharealholiday.ItwastheirfirstThanksgivingDay.[A]intheirownintheirownontheiroftheir[A] [A][A][A][A][A][A]BestofFortheTotheirAllin[A]SectionIVError-detectionandEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingA

ANSWER:[C]TheunionandthemanagementarehavingsuchaA

timeB

oncontractC

ingyearthattheworkersmaygoonDHegotup,walkedA

theroom,andB

asharpquickmovementCthedoorwidelyDHisvictoryintheA

wasnoB

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memberspresenttonightB

thereC

lastnight,mustwaituntilthenextDWe’vegivenhimA

abouteverythingheB

whateverC

heInnote-taking,astrictdisciplinehastobekeptandallinessential

unnecessarywordsDWhenthecarAtoisolatethevillageC

thepoisonousgasranBallD

therails,thefiremenToA

frank,B

isagreatrelieftohavethetaskC

insoshortaD

minimum, negotiators hoofB

inprinciple

withdetailstobeworkedD

ItisA

tonote

thatinrecentyears,cigarettesmokershaveinthedecline,especiallyamongolder Section Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itishighlydesirablethatanew (appoint)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointedIntheMiddleAges,inRome,VeniceandotherItaliancities,theredevelopedaninlectualmovement (call)humanism,whichwasthebasisoftheIflawandorder (be)notp,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.Thecolonelwasdecoratedforbravery, (fight)offtheIt’squiteobviousthatPaulwon’tsellhisbusinessnowthathe’sgotit (run)so (Notwish)todisturbhisbabysister,hetiptoedintotheIhappened (talk)withhimwhenhewashitbyaballandTheapplicants (interview)arerequiredtobringallthenecessaryVictorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened,otherwisehe (notmake)suchastupidremark.Such (be)thecase,therearenogroundstojustifyyourThecarshowsnosignsof (repair);itlookslikeanewSectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15惡劣的天氣使他無法按時動身去請先把事故的原因查清楚再向匯報經(jīng)當?shù)嘏鷾屎螅麄內(nèi)∠嗽ǖ捻椖縎ectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)SeatedbehindthefrontdeskataNewYorkfirm,thereceptionistwasStylishlydressed,thefirm’snewestemployeehadapleasantephonevoiceandanaturalcharmthatputclientsatease.Thecompanywaspleased:(61)Clearly,thiswasawhotookconsiderableprideinalappearance.DavidKing,thereceptionist,isunusual,butbynomeansunique.(62)Justasalltruckdriversandconstructionworkersarenolongernecessarilymen,allsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen.Thenumberofmeninwomen-dominatedfieldsisstillsmallandtheyhaven’tattractedtheattentionthathasoftenfollowedwomenadvancingintomale-dominatedfields,butmenaremovingintomoreandmorejobsthathavetraditionallybeenheldbywomen.Strictlyspeaking,thephenomenonisnotnew.Forthepastseveraldecades,menhavebeenquietlyenteringfieldssuchasnursing,socialworkandelementaryeducation.Buttodaynojobseemsoff-limits.Menservecoffeeinofficesandmealson(63)Thesechangesareheltoinfluencesomeofthelong-standingtraditionsaboutthetypesofworkmenandwomencando--buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemenwhoareenteringthosefieldsformerlydominatedbywomen.Whatkindsofmenventureintotheseso-called“women’sfields”?Allkinds.“Idon’tknowofanydefiniteanswersI’dbecomfortablewith,”explainsJosephPleck,Ph.D.,oftheWellesleyCollegeCentrefo