2019年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀模擬題(六)

2019年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀模擬題（六）探2017年6月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試太難？?jī)H僅你沒(méi)有找對(duì)方法而已！點(diǎn)擊查看秘籍！【手機(jī)用戶】一點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入免費(fèi)試聽〉〉【CET4】*【CET6】SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaletterAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.EndangeredPeoplesToday,itisnotdistance,butculturethatseparatesthepeoplesoftheworld.Thecentralquestionofourtimemaybehowtodealwithculturaldifferences.Sobeginsthebook,EndangeredPeoples,byArtDavidson.Itisanattempttoprovideunderstandingoftheissuesaffectingtheworld'snativepeoples.Thisbooktellsthestoriesof21tribes,cultures,andculturalareasthatarestrugglingtosurvive.Ittellseachstorythroughthevoiceofamemberofthetribe.Mr.Davidsonrecordedtheirwords.ArtWolfeandJohnIsaactookpicturesofthem.TheorganizationcalledtheSierraClubpublishedthebook.ThenativegroupslivefarapartinNorthAmericaorSouthAmerica,AfricaorAsia.Yettheirsituationsaresimilar.Theyarefightingthemarchofprogressinanefforttokeepthemselvesandtheirculturesalive.Someofthemfollowancientwaysmostofthetime.Somefollowmodernwaysmostofthetime.Theyhaveonefootinancientworldandonefootinmodernworld.Theyhopetocontinuetobalancebetweenthesetwoworlds.Yetthepressurestoforgettheirtraditionsandjointhemodernworldmaybetoogreat.RigobertaMenchuofGuatemala,theNobelPeacePrizewinnerin1992,offersherthoughtsinthebeginningofthebookEndangeredPeoples.Shenotesthatmanypeopleclaimthatnativepeoplearelikestoriesfromthepast.Theyareruinsthathavedied.Shedisagreesstrongly.Shesaysnativecommunitiesarenotremainsofthepast.Theyhaveafuture,andtheyhavemuchwisdomandrichnesstooffertherestoftheworld.ArtDavidsontraveledthousandsofmilesaroundtheworldwhileworkingonthebook.Hetalkedtomanypeopletogathertheirthoughtsandfeelings.Mr.Davidsonnotesthattheirdesiresarethesame.Peoplewanttoremainthemselves~hesays.Theywanttoraisetheirchildrenthewaytheywereraised.Theywanttheirchildrentospeaktheirmothertongue,theirownlanguage.Theywantthemtohavetheirparents'valuesandcustoms.Mr.Davidsonsaysthepeople'scriesarethesame："Doesourculturehavetodie?Dowehavetodisappearasapeople?"ArtDavidsonlivedformorethan25yearsamongnativepeopleintheAmericanstateofAlaska.Hesayshisinterestinnativepeoplesbeganhisboyhoodwhenhefoundanancientstonearrowhead.Thearrowheadwasusedasaweapontohuntfood.ThehunterwasanAmericanIndian,longdead.Mr.DavidsonrealizedthenthatIndianshadlivedinthestateofColorado,rightwherehewasstanding.Anditwasthen,hesays,thathefirstwondered："Wherearethey?Wheredidtheygo?"Hefoundanswerstohisearlyquestion.Manyofthenativepeopleshaddisappeared.Theywereforcedofftheirlands.Ortheywerekilledinbattle.Ortheydiedfromdiseasesbroughtbynewsettlers.Othernativepeoplesremained,buttheyhadtofighttosurvivethepressuresofthemodernworld.TheGwich'inareanexampleofthesurvivors.TheyhavelivedinwhatisnowAlaskaandCanadafor10,000years.Nowabout5,000Gwich'inremain.Theyaremainlyhunters.Theyhuntthecaribou,alargedeerwithbighornsthattravelsacrossthehugespacesofthefarnorth.Forcenturies,theyhaveusedallpartsofthecaribou：themeatforfood,theskinsforclothes,thebonesfortools.HuntingcaribouisthewayoflifeoftheGwich'in.OneGwich'intoldArtDavidsonofmemoriesfromhischildhood.Itwasatimewhenthetribelivedquietlyinitsowncorneroftheworld.HespoketoMr.Davidsoninthesewords："AslongasIcanremember,someonewouldsitbyafireonthehilltopeveryspringandautumn.Hisjobwastolookforcaribou.Ifhesawacaribou,hewouldwavehisarmsorhewouldmakehisfiretogiveoffmoresmoke.Thenthevillagewouldcometolife!Peopleranuptothehilltop.Thetribesseemedtobeatitsbestatthesegatherings.Wewereallfilledwithhappinessandsharing!"Abouttenyearsago,themodernworldinvadedthequietworldoftheGwich'in.OilcompanieswantedtodrillforoilintheArcticNationalWildlifePreserve.Thisareawasthepleasewherethecaribougavebirthtotheiryoung.TheGwich'infearedthecaribouwoulddisappear.OneGwich'inwomandescribesthesituationinthesewords："Oildevelopmentthreatensthecaribou.Ifthecaribouarethreatened,thenthepeoplearethreatened.OilcompanyofficialandAmericanlawmakersdonotseemtounderstand.Theydonotcomeintoourhomesandshareourfood.Theyhavenevertriedtounderstandthefeelingexpressedinoursongsandourprayers.Theyhavenotseentheoldpeoplecry.Oureldershaveseenpartsofourculturedestroyed.Theyworrythatourpeoplemaydisappearforever."AscientistwithaBritishoilcompanydismisses(駁回，打消)thefearsoftheGwich'in.Healsosaystheyhavenochoice.Theywillhavetochange.TheGwich'in,however,areresisting.Theytooklegalactiontostoptheoilcompanies.ButtheywononlyatemporarybanonoildevelopmentintheArcticNationalWildlifePreserve.Pressurescontinueonothernativepeople,asArtDavidsondescribesinhisbook.Thepressurescomefromexpandingpopulations,damprojectsthatfloodtriballands,andpoliticalandeconomicconflictsthreatentheculture,lands,andlivesofsuchgroupsastheQuechuaofPeru,theMalagasyofMadagascarandtheAinuofJapan.TheorganizationcalledCulturalSurvivalhasbeeninexistencefor22years.Ittriestoprotecttherightsandculturesofpeoplesthroughouttheworld.Ithasabout12,000members.Anditreceiveshelpfromalargenumberofstudentswhoworkwithoutpay.TheodoreMacDonaldisdirectoroftheCulturalSurvivalResearchCenter.Hesaystheorganizationhasthreemainjobs.Itdoesresearchandpublishesinformation.Itworkswithnativepeopledirectly.Anditcreatesmarketsforgoodsproducedbynativecommunities.Latelastyear,CulturalSurvivalpublishedabookcalledStateofthePeoples：aGlobalHumanRightsReportonSocietiesinDanger.ThebookcontainsreportsfromresearcherswhoworkforCulturalSurvival,fromexpertsonnativepeoples,andfromnativepeoplesthemselves.Thebookdescribestheconditionsofdifferentnativeandminoritygroups.Itincludeslongerreportsaboutseveralthreatenedsocieties,includingthePenanofMalaysiaandtheAnishinabeofNorthAmerican.AnditprovidesthenamesoforganizationssimilartoCulturalSurvivalforactivists,researchersandthepress.DavidMaybury-LewisstartedtheCulturalSurvivalorganization.Mr.Maybury-Lewisbelievespowerfulgroupsrobnativepeoplesoftheirlives,lands,orresources.About6,000groupsareleftintheworld.Anativegroupisonethathasitsownlangue.Ithasalong-termlinktoahomeland.Andithasgoverneditself.TheodoreMacDonaldsaysCulturalSurvivalworkstoprotecttherightsofgroups,notjustindividualpeople.Hesaystheorganizationwouldliketodevelopasystemofearlywarningswhentheserightsarethreatened.Mr.MacDonaldnotesthatconflictsbetweendifferentgroupswithinacountryhavebeengoingonforeverandwillcontinue.Suchconflicts,hesays,cannotbeprevented.Buttheydonothavetobecomeviolent.WhatCulturalSurvivalwantsistohelpsetupmethodsthatleadtopeacefulnegotiationsoftraditionaldifferences.Thesemethods,hesays,arealotlesscostlythanwar.RigobertaMenchu,theNobelPeacePrizewinnerin1992,writesprefaceforthebookEndangeredPeoples.ThebookEndangeredPeoplescontentsnotonlywords,butalsopictures.ArtDavidson'sinitialinterestinnativepeoplewasarousedbyanancientstonearrowheadhefoundinhischildhood,whichwasonceusedbyanAmericanIndianhunter.Thenativegroupsaretryingveryhardtobalancebetweentheancientworldandthemodernworld.Bytalkingwiththem,ArtDavidsonfindsthatthenativepeoplethroughouttheworlddesiretoremainthemselves.MostoftheGwich'inarehunters,wholiveonhuntingcaribou.CulturalSurvivalisanorganizationwhichaimsatprotectingtherightsandculturesofpeoplesthroughouttheworld.AccordingtoTheodoreMacDonald,theCulturalSurvivalorganization.wouldliketodevelopasystemofearlywarningswhenasociety'srightsaretobeviolated.ThebookStateofthePeoples：aGlobalHumanRightsReportonSocietiesinDangerdescribestheconditionsofdifferentnativeandminoritygroups.TheGwich'intriedtostopoilcompaniesfromdrillingforoilintheArcticNationalWildlifePreserveforfearthatitshoulddrivethecaribouawaySectionBA）現(xiàn)在，是文化而非距離將世界各民族分隔開。我們時(shí)代的中心問(wèn)題也許是怎樣對(duì)待文化差異。讓我們從ArtDavidson的著作《瀕危民族》說(shuō)起。該書試圖協(xié)助人們了解影響世界土著民族的諸多問(wèn)題。本書講述了為了生存而苦苦掙扎的21個(gè)部落、不同的文化和文化區(qū)的故事。每個(gè)故事都以部落成員的口吻敘述。【47】Davidson先生記錄了他們的述說(shuō)，ArtWolfe和JonhnIsaac拍攝照片，一個(gè)名為塞拉俱樂(lè)部的組織出版了這本書。B）土著民族分布在北美或南美，非洲或亞洲，相距甚遠(yuǎn)。不過(guò)，他們所處的情況卻相差無(wú)幾。為了生存，為了文化的傳承，他們奮力反抗前進(jìn)的步伐。很多時(shí)候，他們中有些人遵循古老的生活方式，也有些人接受現(xiàn)代方式?！?9】他們處在古代世界和現(xiàn)代世界之間。他們希望繼續(xù)保持這兩個(gè)世界的平衡。但是。拋棄傳統(tǒng)、融入現(xiàn)代世界的壓力非常大。C）【46】危地馬拉的RigobertaMenchu女士是1992年諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)的得主。她在《瀕危民族》這本書的序言中提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)。她指出，很多人認(rèn)為土著民族就像是過(guò)去的故事，已遭破壞并消亡。她強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn)。她認(rèn)為土著民族并非過(guò)去歲月的殘留。他們有未來(lái)，他們能為世界其他民族貢獻(xiàn)自己很多的智慧和財(cái)富。D）ArtDavidson撰寫《瀕危民族》時(shí)，行走了數(shù)千英里路，游覽了世界各地。他和各種人交談，了解他們的思想和情感?！?0】Davidson先生發(fā)現(xiàn)他們有著共同的愿望。他說(shuō)，人們希望他們的民族能夠延續(xù)。他們希望按照父母養(yǎng)育自己的方式養(yǎng)育孩子;他們希望孩子會(huì)講母語(yǔ)——他們本民族的語(yǔ)言;他們希望孩子能夠繼承父輩們的價(jià)值觀和習(xí)俗。Davidson先生指出，各民族的呼聲是相同的：“我們的文化必須消亡嗎?我們的民族必須消失嗎?”E）【48】AreDavidson在美國(guó)阿拉斯加州的土著民族中生活了25年多。他說(shuō)小時(shí)候他發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)一個(gè)非常古老的石制箭頭，從那時(shí)起，就激起了他對(duì)土著民族的興趣。這個(gè)石箭頭是被用作武器來(lái)獵食的。獵人是一位早已作古的美洲印第安人。接著，Davidson先生意識(shí)到當(dāng)時(shí)的印第安人就生活在科羅拉多州，他正站著的那片地方。他說(shuō)，那時(shí)他第一次想知道：“他們?cè)谀睦?他們又去了何方?”他找到了這些問(wèn)題的答案。很多土著民族已經(jīng)消失。他們被迫遠(yuǎn)走他鄉(xiāng)?；蛘?，他們已經(jīng)戰(zhàn)亡。又或者他們死于新來(lái)的移民攜帶的疾病。其他土著民族雖然存活下來(lái)了，但是他們?yōu)榱松姹仨毰c現(xiàn)代世界的壓力作斗爭(zhēng)。F）哥威迅人就是存活下來(lái)的一個(gè)例證。他們?cè)诂F(xiàn)在的阿拉斯加和加拿大居住已有10000年。1511現(xiàn)在，哥威迅族的人口大概有5000，主要以狩獵為生。他們捕獵馴鹿，這種鹿體型較大，長(zhǎng)著一對(duì)巨大的角，出沒(méi)于最北邊的廣闊地區(qū)。數(shù)百年來(lái)，他們對(duì)馴鹿身上的各部分都加以利用：肉用作食物，皮用來(lái)做衣服，骨頭用來(lái)制作工具。狩獵馴鹿就是哥威迅人的生活方式。G）—個(gè)哥威迅人向ArtDavidson訴說(shuō)了他童年以來(lái)的記憶。當(dāng)時(shí),部落還默默地生活在世界上屬于他們自己的角落。他這樣對(duì)Davidson先生說(shuō)：“在我的記憶中，每個(gè)春秋都有人坐在山頂?shù)幕鸲雅?。他的工作就是尋找馴鹿。如果他看到了馴鹿，就揮舞手臂?；蛘呱?，用煙作信號(hào)。然后，村民們就會(huì)活躍起來(lái)。他們跑向山頂。這時(shí)候，部落里的人是興的。我們都沉浸在幸福和分享的喜悅中?！盚）大約十年前，現(xiàn)代世界打破了哥威迅人的平靜生活?！?5】石油企業(yè)想在北極國(guó)家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)勘探石油。這片區(qū)域是馴鹿繁殖下一代的她方。哥威迅人擔(dān)心馴鹿會(huì)消失。一位哥威迅婦女這樣描述這種情形：“石油勘探對(duì)馴鹿造成威脅。如果馴鹿受到威脅，那么人也將受到威脅。石油企業(yè)的管理者和美國(guó)的立法者似乎并不理解這點(diǎn)他們不來(lái)我們的家里，不和我們分享食物。他們從未試圖了解我們的民謠和祈禱中所要傳達(dá)的感情。他們看不到祖輩們的眼淚。我們的父輩見證了我們的某些文化被摧毀。他們擔(dān)心，我們的民族也許會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)消失?！庇?guó)石油公司的一位科學(xué)家打消了哥威迅人的擔(dān)憂。他還指出他們沒(méi)有選擇，他們必須得改變。不過(guò)，哥威迅人拒絕這種改變。他們借助法律手段，阻止石油公司的開采。但是，國(guó)家僅僅禁止在北極國(guó)家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)鉆探石油，他們的勝利僅僅短暫性的。其他土著民族仍舊面臨著這種壓力，就像ArtDavidson在書中描寫的那樣。這種壓力來(lái)自日益增多的人口、淹沒(méi)族地的水壩工程和政治經(jīng)濟(jì)沖突。秘魯?shù)纳w丘亞族、馬達(dá)加斯加的馬達(dá)加斯加人和日本的阿伊努人，他們的文化、領(lǐng)土和生活都面臨著政治經(jīng)濟(jì)沖突的威脅。J)【52】文化拯救協(xié)會(huì)這個(gè)組織成立22年了。它試圖保護(hù)世界各民族的權(quán)利和文化，擁有大約12,000名成員。很多學(xué)生都是它的義工。TheodoreMacDonald是文化拯救研究中心的董事。他指出該組織有三項(xiàng)主要工作：展開調(diào)研，披露信息;直接與土著民族接觸;為土著民族的產(chǎn)品開拓市場(chǎng)。K)去年年底，文化拯救協(xié)會(huì)出版了一本書，名為《民族現(xiàn)狀：世界瀕危民族的人權(quán)報(bào)告》。本書內(nèi)容包括文化拯救協(xié)會(huì)調(diào)研人員和該領(lǐng)域其他專家的報(bào)告，也包括土著人自己的述說(shuō)?！?4】該書描寫了不同土著民族和少數(shù)民族的生存現(xiàn)狀。其中，對(duì)幾個(gè)瀕危民族，包括馬來(lái)西亞的本南族和北美的安尼施納比族做了詳盡的介紹，并為對(duì)這方面有濃厚興趣的人、研究人員和新聞媒體介紹了幾大組織機(jī)構(gòu)，其性質(zhì)類似于文化拯救協(xié)會(huì)。DavidMaybury-Lewis創(chuàng)辦了文化拯救協(xié)會(huì)。Maybury-Lewis先生認(rèn)為，其他更強(qiáng)大的民族威脅土著居民的生命，掠奪他們的土地和資源。世界上大約有6，000個(gè)民族。土著民族擁有自己的語(yǔ)言，長(zhǎng)期居于某地，自我管轄。1531TheodoreMacDonaM指出文化拯裁協(xié)會(huì)旨在保護(hù)各民族的權(quán)利，并不是只保護(hù)個(gè)人權(quán)利。他說(shuō)，該組織欲建立一個(gè)早期預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)這些農(nóng)權(quán)利遭到威脅對(duì)向人們提磚警告。MacDonald先生認(rèn)為，國(guó)家內(nèi)部各民族之間的沖突由來(lái)已久，并還將繼續(xù)。這種沖突無(wú)法阻止，但并不一定要演變成暴力。文化拯救協(xié)會(huì)正致力于尋找方法，以和平協(xié)商方對(duì)待傳統(tǒng)文化差異。他說(shuō)，研究這些方法的代價(jià)比戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)要低得多。RigobertaMenchu,theNobelPeacePrizewinnerin1992,writesprefaceforthebookEndangeredPeoples.1992年諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)的得主RigobertaMenchu女士為《瀕危民族》這本書作序。【解析】C）。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞RgobertaMenchu可定位至c）段首句。危地馬拉的RigobertaMenchu女士是1992年諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)的得主。她在《瀕危民族》這本書的序言中提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)。由此可見RigobertaMenchu女士為《瀕危民族》這本書作序。ThebookEndangeredPeoplescontentsnotonlywords,butalsopictures.《瀕危民族》這本書不但包括文字，還包括圖片【解析】A）。細(xì)節(jié)題。本題著眼點(diǎn)在ThebookEndangeredPeoples，所以鎖定相關(guān)這本書的介紹信息，可定位至首段。該段末句是：Davidson先生記錄了他們的述說(shuō)，ArtWolfe和JohnIsaac拍攝照片，一個(gè)名為塞拉俱樂(lè)部的組織出版了這本書。由此可知，這本書不但有文字而且還有圖片。ArtDavidson'sinitialinterestinnativepeoplewasarousedbyanancientstonearrowheadhefoundinhischildhood,whichwasonceusedbyanAmericanIndianhunter.ArtDavidson最初開始對(duì)土著民族感興趣，源自小時(shí)候見到的一個(gè)美洲印第安獵人用過(guò)的石制箭頭?！窘馕觥縀）o細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞intheinterestingnativepeople和anancientstonearrowhead可定位至E）段。他說(shuō)小時(shí)候他發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)一個(gè)非常古老的石制箭頭，從那時(shí)起，就激起了他對(duì)土著民族的興趣。這個(gè)石箭頭是被用作武器來(lái)獵食的。獵人是一位早已作古的美洲印第安人。Thenativegroupsaretryingveryhardtobalancebetweentheancientworldandthemodemworld.土著民族艱難地嘗試在古今世界之間尋求平衡?！窘馕觥緽）。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞thenativegroups和balancebetweentheancientworldandthemod-emworld可定位至B）段后三句。他們處在古代世界和現(xiàn)代世界之間。他們希望繼續(xù)保持這兩個(gè)世界的平衡。但是，拋棄傳統(tǒng)、融入現(xiàn)代世界的壓力非常大。Bytalkingwiththem,ArtDavidsonfindsthatthenativepeoplethroughouttheworlddesiretoremainthemselves.通過(guò)交談，ArtDavidson得知所有的土著居民都希望自己的民族得以存續(xù)?！窘馕觥緿）。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞thenativepeople，desire和remainthemselves可定位至D）段。Davidson先生發(fā)現(xiàn)他們有著共同的愿望。他說(shuō)，人們希望他們的民族能夠延續(xù)。MostoftheGwich'inarehunters,wholiveonh