北京市牛欄山一中2023屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）

北京市牛欄山一中2023屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）北京市牛欄山一中2023屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中試題〔含解析〕第一局部:知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，45分)第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀以下短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Just____1____(locate)ineastoftheForbiddenCity,theDongsihutongsareoneofthe_____2_____(old)residentialneighborhoodsinBeijing.Overthepastyears,thesehutongs_______3_______(undergo)majorrestorationasthecityanditsresidentsbothstruggletofindabalancebetweentraditionalandmodernvalues.【答案】1.located2.oldest3.haveundergone【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，簡(jiǎn)單介紹了北京的東四胡同的情況。位于故宮的東邊，東四胡同是北京年代最久的胡同之一。過去這么多年來，隨著城市和居民都努力地要找到傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值和現(xiàn)代價(jià)值之間的平衡，這些胡同經(jīng)歷了主要的整修。【1題詳解】考查過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句意：位于故宮的東邊，東四胡同是北京年代最久的胡同之一。句子主語(yǔ)theDongsihutongs和locate之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用到located的形式。故填located?！?題詳解】考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。句意：東四胡同是北京年代最久的胡同之一。用法上形容詞的最高級(jí)之前用冠詞the，另外oneofthe+最高級(jí)，表示：……之一，故填oldest。【3題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：過去這么多年來，隨著城市和居民都努力地要找到傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值和現(xiàn)代價(jià)值之間的平衡，這些胡同經(jīng)歷了主要的整修。根據(jù)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over/during/inthepastyears的句子中，主句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填haveundergone?！军c(diǎn)睛】完成這道題的關(guān)鍵在于充分掌握相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法和搭配。如第1小題：完成試題時(shí)，假設(shè)能通過分析句子，知道句子主語(yǔ)：theDongsihutongs和locate之間的邏輯關(guān)系為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又因?yàn)橹骶錇橹鳌瞭heDongsihutong〕系〔are〕表(oneofthe…inBeijing),即可知道主句之前的局部為狀語(yǔ)。所以locate要用過去分詞；第2小題：了解了oneofthe+最高級(jí)，表示：……之一，本道題就迎刃而解；第3小題，充分掌握了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法特點(diǎn)：在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over/during/inthepastyears的句子中，主句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，答案就顯而易見了。B閱讀以下短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TeaisanimportantpartofChinesetradition.AsChinesesocietydevelopedandprogressed,teaproductionhasplayedaroleindrivingeconomicdevelopmentwhiledrinkingteahasremainedapracticeofdailylife.Thepracticeofteaculturecanbringthespiritandwisdomofhumanbeingstoahigherlevel.Teahasan___4___(extreme)closerelationshiptoChineseculture,anditsstudy___5___(cover)awidefieldandhasveryrichcontent.Thereisnodoubt___6___ithasbeenbeneficialinimprovingsocial_____7_____(achieve)andpeople’sappreciationofart.【答案】4.extremely5.covers6.that7.achievements【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化：茶，在社會(huì)開展和進(jìn)步中的意義：茶文化的實(shí)踐可以把人類的精神和智慧提高到一個(gè)更高的水平?！?題詳解】考查副詞。句意：茶對(duì)中國(guó)文化有著極為密切的關(guān)系，橫線后closerelationship為名詞短語(yǔ)，close為形容詞，根據(jù)用法，形容詞之前要用副詞修飾，用extremely。故填extremely?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：其研究包含了廣泛的領(lǐng)域，內(nèi)容十分豐富。由句中and可以知道前后分句之間的時(shí)態(tài)一致，都用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)itsstudy為第三人稱，所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。故填covers?！?題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：毫無(wú)疑問，它有利于提高人們的社會(huì)成就和藝術(shù)鑒賞能力。句中：Thereisnodoubtthat…“毫無(wú)疑問，可以肯定的是〞為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。其中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句。故填that?！?題詳解】考查名詞。句意同上題解析。句意：在提高人們的社會(huì)成就和藝術(shù)鑒賞能力方面。橫線前social為形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，所以需要填名詞。作為“成就〞時(shí)，其為可數(shù)名詞。故填achievements?！军c(diǎn)睛】掌握相關(guān)詞的使用習(xí)慣對(duì)完成語(yǔ)法填空題，起著重要的作用。第1小題，根據(jù)題干，橫線后為形容詞，了解形容詞之前要用副詞即可完成答案。第3小題，由固定用法結(jié)構(gòu)：Thereisnodoubtthat…，就可知道答案為that；第4小題，橫線前social為形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，所以需要填名詞。在學(xué)習(xí)中，積累詞的使用習(xí)慣和固定結(jié)構(gòu)，在完成習(xí)題中可以起到事半功倍的效果。C閱讀以下短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Billionsofpoorpeoplearoundtheworld___8___(depend)ontheuseofwoodforcooking.Andastheytakemoreandmorefirewoodfromwildareas,theyaredestroyinghabitatsaroundtheworld.Woodcollectionisonereasonwhymanyanimalshavebecomeendangered.Thisis___9___Dr.MetcalfspendseachsummerinAfrica.Hewantstoteachwomenandchildreninvillageshowtocookwiththesun.HehelpedcreateSolarCookersInternational.It’sanorganization___10___introducessolarcookerstodevelopingcountriesaswellasteachingpeoplehowtousethem.【答案】8.depend/aredepending9.why10.that/which【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。由客觀事實(shí)人們依賴木材來烹飪，引起動(dòng)物棲息地的破壞，從而使許多動(dòng)物變成瀕危動(dòng)物，說明Dr.Metcalf〔梅特卡夫博士〕建立SolarCookersInternational〔國(guó)際太陽(yáng)能炊具公司〕的原因：教會(huì)人們?nèi)绾问褂藐?yáng)光來烹飪?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：全世界數(shù)十億窮人依靠木材做飯。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)情況。所以使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)。另外，使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，可以表示逐漸變化的趨勢(shì)。故填：depend/aredepending?！?題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：這是Dr.Metcalf〔梅特卡夫博士〕每年夏天都會(huì)去非洲的原因。分析句式可知，連同橫線在內(nèi)之后的內(nèi)容在主句中做表語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表原因，故填why?！?0題詳解】考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：這個(gè)組織向開展中國(guó)家介紹太陽(yáng)能炊具，并教人們?nèi)绾问褂盟鼈?。句中organization為先行詞，其后的句子為定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，因?yàn)橄刃性~organization指物，關(guān)系代詞用which/that。故填which/that?！军c(diǎn)睛】解決復(fù)合句的關(guān)鍵在于：正確分析主句和從句。所以，掌握好簡(jiǎn)單句的句式對(duì)于分析句子起著至關(guān)重要的作用。第2小題，主句是主〔this〕系〔is〕表結(jié)構(gòu)，而表語(yǔ)是一個(gè)完整的句子，在意義上缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，所以填寫why。第3小題，主句：這是一個(gè)組織。為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，隨后的句子是對(duì)organization做限定修飾，為定語(yǔ)從句。另外organization在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，且指物，所以關(guān)系代詞用which/that。第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每題1.5分，共30分)11-30閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。KeepaChecklistinYourMindWhenIwasaboutsevenoreightyearsold,Iremembergoingintothebarn〔馬廄〕oneeveningwheremyfatherwasdoingjobsthathehadtodoregularly.Iwassurprisedtoseehim___11___hishatbackwards.Itlooked___12___.WhenIaskedDad____13____hishatwasonbackwards,hesmiledandgavemeanexplanation.Itseemedtherewasalargewater____14____forthecattlethathadtobefilledeveryday.Becauseittookalongtimetofinishit,hewould___15___thewateronandthengoaboutdoingotherthingslikecleaningthebarnor___16___thecattle,whichusuallycosthimtwentyminutesorevenmoretime.The_____17_____,ofcourse,wasthatifheforgottoturnthewateroff,thetankwouldoverflow,andwaterwouldbewastedanditwouldmakea_____18_____.Thenhetoldmethe_____19_____hehadhishatturnedaround.Whenhefinishedhisjobsandbegantotakeoffhisworkclothes,hewouldnoticeashe____20____hishatthatthevisor〔帽舌〕wasnotwhereitwassupposedtobe.Thiswould____21____himthewaterwasstillrunningandhewouldgobacktothebarnandtumit____22____.Isawmyfatherdevelopmanyother____23____overtheyears.AndIneverforgothowhelpfuland____24____theyare.Somemayhaveevenbeenlife-saving.Asweallknow,sometimespeopleforgetthingsandmakemistakes___25___theymaytrytheirbest.Usinggoodmethodscanhelpthem____26____moreeffectively.Insteadof_____27_____people-oryourself-formistakes,you'dbetterlookforsomewaysthatwillhelpthemin____28____whattheytrulywishtodo.Thiscouldbepractical,andassimpleasachecklist.NowI've_____29_____alotofthem,suchasputtingmycarkeysinthesameplaceeverytime.Itcouldbehavingsomeone____30____yourworkanditcouldalsobeacomputerprogramthatfindsoutwhetheryourcalculationsarecorrect.11.A.passing B.wearing C.holding D.taking12.A.terrible B.ordinary C.impolite D.funny13.A.whether B.how C.why D.where14.A.tank B.pool C.pipe D.bottle15.A.put B.bring C.carry D.turn16.A.beating B.feeding C.selling D.pulling17.A.danger B.conflict C.purpose D.secret18.A.decision B.demand C.mess D.choice19.A.pressure B.method C.function D.reason20.A.raised B.removed C.held D.threw21.A.confuse B.attract C.remind D.disturb22.A.down B.on C.up D.off23.A.systems B.businesses C.products D.programs24.A.comfortable B.valuable C.expensive D.traditional25.A.until B.because C.though D.after26.A.operate B.reduce C.struggle D.respond27.A.comparing B.judging C.examining D.blaming28.A.providing B.achieving C.imagining D.treating29.A.affected B.observed C.employed D.corrected30.A.check B.adjust C.select D.predict【答案】11.B12.D13.C14.A15.D16.B17.A18.C19.D20.B21.C22.D23.A24.B25.C26.A27.D28.B29.C30.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者通過列舉父親朝后帶帽子的例子告訴我們要養(yǎng)成處理事情的有效方法?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.passing經(jīng)過；B.wearing穿；佩戴；C.holding握??；D.taking拿走；我很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)父親朝后帶著帽子，看起來很滑稽。動(dòng)詞wear與hishat利用，表示佩戴。故B項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞辨析及常識(shí)。A.terrible可怕的；B.ordinary普通的；C.impolite不禮貌的；D.funny滑稽的；人們通常帶帽子都是朝前帶著，而父親卻朝后帶。與眾不同似乎很滑稽。所以我就問他為什么要這樣做。故D項(xiàng)正確。【13題詳解】考查上下文串聯(lián)及賓語(yǔ)從句。人們通常帶帽子都是朝前，而父親卻朝后。與眾不同似乎很滑稽。因?yàn)槲液芎闷?，所以就問他為什么要這樣做。連詞why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在句中做原因狀語(yǔ)。故C項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)第7空后“wasthatifheforgottoturnthewateroff,thetankwouldoverflow〞可知在馬廄里有一個(gè)大的水箱，里面有很多水讓動(dòng)物飲用。故A項(xiàng)正確。【15題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。短語(yǔ)puton增加；穿上；turnon翻開；因?yàn)樗溲b滿水需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，所以父親翻開水龍頭以后就去做其他的事情了。故D項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.beating擊打；擊??；B.feeding喂養(yǎng)；C.selling賣，出售；D.pulling拉；父親在馬廄里干活，喂牛喂馬是正常的事情。故B項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.danger危險(xiǎn)；B.conflict沖突；C.purpose目的；D.secret秘密；他去做其他事情帶來的危險(xiǎn)可能是他忘記關(guān)掉水，這樣一來就會(huì)有水漫出來了。故A項(xiàng)正確。【18題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.decision決定；B.demand要求；C.mess混亂；D.choice選擇；當(dāng)水漫出來以后，一方面水被浪費(fèi)了，另外一方面會(huì)讓馬廄里一片混亂。故C項(xiàng)正確。【19題詳解】考查名詞辨析及上下文串聯(lián)。A.pressure壓力；B.method方法；C.function功能；D.reason原因；第3空提及我問父親為什么要朝后帶著帽子，本句是父親向我解釋的理由。故D項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.raised提高；B.removed去除；C.held握?。籇.threw扔掉；當(dāng)他做完工作以后開始脫掉衣服，拿掉帽子的時(shí)候他會(huì)注意到帽舌不在應(yīng)該在的地方。這提醒他水還在流著。句中remove表示脫掉衣服。故B項(xiàng)正確。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.confuse使……困惑；B.attract吸引；C.remind提醒，使……想起；D.disturb打斷，打攪；拿掉帽子的時(shí)候他會(huì)注意到帽舌不在應(yīng)該在的地方。這提醒他水還在流著，于是他會(huì)過去把水關(guān)掉。故C項(xiàng)正確。22題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)turndown拒絕，調(diào)低；turnon翻開；turnup調(diào)高，出現(xiàn)；turnoff關(guān)閉；拿掉帽子的時(shí)候他會(huì)注意到帽舌不在應(yīng)該在的地方。這提醒他水還在流著，于是他會(huì)過去把水關(guān)掉。故D項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.systems系統(tǒng)；B.businesses生意；C.products產(chǎn)品；D.programs工程，節(jié)目；本句可以使用排除法。父親把帽子反著帶是提醒自己不要忘記關(guān)水，這不是生意產(chǎn)品和工程，而是一套有序的提醒系統(tǒng)。故A項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞辨析及上下文串聯(lián)。A.comfortable舒服的；B.valuable貴重的，重要的；C.expensive昂貴的；D.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；我從來都沒有忘記父親的那些系統(tǒng)是多么的有幫助和重要；形容詞helpful和valuable是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾thesystems。故B項(xiàng)正確。【25題詳解】考查連詞辨析。A.until直到……才；B.because因?yàn)?；C.though盡管；D.after在……以后；盡管人們已經(jīng)全力以赴了，但有時(shí)候仍然會(huì)忘記事情會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)句意可知上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.operate操作；管理；B.reduce減少；C.struggle努力；斗爭(zhēng)；D.respond回應(yīng)；盡管人們已經(jīng)全力以赴了，但有時(shí)候仍然會(huì)忘記事情會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。使用好的方法會(huì)讓他們的管理更加有效。BCD三項(xiàng)與句意不搭配。故A項(xiàng)正確。27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.comparing比擬；B.judging判斷；C.examining檢查；D.blaming責(zé)備；當(dāng)出現(xiàn)問題的時(shí)候，不要責(zé)備他人或你自己，你最好找到一些方法來幫助他們做得想要做到的事情。故D項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.providing提供；B.achieving實(shí)現(xiàn)，做到；C.imagining想象；D.treating對(duì)待，治療；當(dāng)出現(xiàn)問題的時(shí)候，不要責(zé)備他人或你自己，你最好找到一些方法來幫助他們做得他們想要做到的事情。動(dòng)詞achieve與whattheytrulywishtodo連用，表示實(shí)現(xiàn)他們想做的事情。故B項(xiàng)正確。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.affected影響；B.observed觀察；C.employed雇傭，使用；D.corrected糾正；現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)使用了很多這樣的好方法，例如總是把汽車鑰匙放在同一個(gè)地方。句中employ表示使用，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故C項(xiàng)正確?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析及上下文串聯(lián)。A.check核對(duì)；B.adjust適應(yīng)；C.select精選；D.predict預(yù)測(cè)；使用這些方法可以讓別人來檢查你的工作，也可以讓計(jì)算機(jī)核查你的計(jì)算是否正確。A項(xiàng)與后半句中的findsout形成照應(yīng)。故A項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】本文小題3考查了語(yǔ)法和上下文串聯(lián)。父親朝后帶著帽子，顯得很滑稽。因?yàn)槲液芎闷妫跃蛦査麨槭裁匆@樣做。連詞why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在句中做原因狀語(yǔ)。在解完形填空時(shí)，我們可以利用語(yǔ)法關(guān)聯(lián)，推理最正確選項(xiàng)。雖然高考完型填空的考查越來越淡化語(yǔ)法，但一個(gè)語(yǔ)義連貫的語(yǔ)篇必須通過省略、指代、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)等語(yǔ)法關(guān)系來實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此，命題人常利用這些關(guān)聯(lián)“制造語(yǔ)境〞，設(shè)置考點(diǎn)。考生解題時(shí)可利用這些語(yǔ)法關(guān)系對(duì)句子進(jìn)行分析、判斷并推理出最正確選項(xiàng)。例1：Iwastoobusy__55__therestaurantIwouldopenoneday.〔湖南卷〕A.imaginingB.preparingC.examiningD.describing析：如果不看下文時(shí)態(tài)，很難確定選項(xiàng)。但55空后would說明“我〞將在未來某一天開自己的飯店，從而推知現(xiàn)在只是在忙著“想象〞將來的情景，故答案為A。例2：Thatday,he(LangLang)toldhisfather__45__hehadbeenwaitingtohear—thathewantedtostudywithanewteacher.〔遼寧卷〕45.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when析：這一篇遼寧卷完形填空講述了青年鋼琴家郎朗年幼時(shí)學(xué)鋼琴的故事。解答此題的關(guān)鍵在于確定第二個(gè)he的指代對(duì)象。如果他指LangLang，那么句子不但在語(yǔ)法上錯(cuò)誤，而且在語(yǔ)義上也講不通?？梢?5空要選一個(gè)既能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，又能在從句中當(dāng)hear的賓語(yǔ)的詞，在四個(gè)待選詞中只有what才能勝任，所以應(yīng)選B。破折號(hào)之后的that從句是what的同位語(yǔ)從句。第二局部:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每題2分，共30分)閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADearKoko,I’velearnedaboutyoufrommyamazingteacher.Ithinkit’sfunthatyoucancommunicatewithushumansbyusingthesignlanguage.I’vespentalotoftimewatchingyouindifferentvideosandloveyoufromthebottomofmyheart.It’sheartbreakingtolearnaboutallofthecruelthingsdonetogorillas(大猩猩).InAfrica,forexample,thekillersusegunstokillyourfellowsformeat.Theydon’tunderstandtheinfluencetheiractionsarehavingongorillas.Anotherthingisthelossofgorillas’naturalhome,whichiscausedbytheimprovedinfrastructuresuchasbuildingroadsandairports.Whenwecutdowntrees,youbecomehomeless.Wetakeawayyourshelterandsourcesoffood,leavingyouwithverylittlechanceofsurvival.Someofmyclassmatesarewritingtotherelevantdepartmentsabouttheseseriousproblems.Hopefullytheseletterswillmakeadifferenceduringyourlifetime.Overthepastthreemonths,myclasshasbeenresearchingongorillas,andI’velearnedsomanythings.Forexample,I’velearnedthatyouhavealotoffeelingssimilartomineandyouarealwayssocarefulwitheverythingyoudo.Ithinkthatyouarereallyworthsaving.We’vecomeupwithmanyideastohelpyouandyourfellows.OneofthebestideasistocommunicatewiththePresidentoftheWorldBankandhavehimgivemorefinancialsupporttotheorganizationsforgorillas.Anotherideaistomakepubliclawsonthekillers.Ialsothinkweneedtokeepeducatingpeopleaboutgorillas.Ilovewritingtoyouandhopeyoucanunderstandhowimportantyou’vebecometoourclass.Woulditbetoomuchtoaskforareturnletter?Mike31.Accordingtothepassage,Kokoisprobably______.A.akillerofgorillas B.amemberofthegorillafamilyC.anexpertongorillas D.agovernorinchargeofgorillas32.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthesecondparagraph?A.Theproblemsgorillasfaceatpresent.B.Thedangergorillascauseforhumans.C.Theuniquecharacteristicgorillashave.D.Thenaturalenvironmentgorillaslivein.33.Theauthorsuggeststhat______.A.gorillasshouldbeprotectedinnaturereservesB.killersforgorillasshouldbelegallyresponsibleC.organizationsshouldbesetuptoprotectgorillasD.peopleshouldmakedonationstogorillaprotection【答案】31.B32.A33.B【解析】本文是寫給大猩猩的一封信，信中講述了大猩猩當(dāng)前的悲慘遭遇及人類采取的保護(hù)措施。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Ithinkit’sfunthatyoucancommunicatewithushumansbyusingthesignlanguage.第二段Whenwecutdowntrees,youbecomehomeless.Wetakeawayyourshelterandsourcesoffood,leavingyouwithverylittlechanceofsurvival.第三段Ithinkthatyouarereallyworthsaving.等信息可判斷收信人Koko可能是一只大猩猩，應(yīng)選B?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段allofthecruelthingsdonetogorillas.thekillersusegunstokillyourfellowsformeat.Anotherthingisthelossofgorillas’naturalhome等信息可知本段主要是描述了大猩猩當(dāng)前被捕殺和家園被破壞的不幸遭遇，應(yīng)選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Anotherideaistomakepubliclawsonthekillers.可知作者建議制定關(guān)于殺害大猩猩兇手的法律，他們應(yīng)該為自己所做的事負(fù)法律責(zé)任。應(yīng)選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，假設(shè)無(wú)明顯主題句，就通過關(guān)鍵詞句來概括(如議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞句，記敘文尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動(dòng)詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞)。文中出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，務(wù)必牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)才是表達(dá)全文中心的。小題2根據(jù)第二段allofthecruelthingsdonetogorillas.thekillersusegunstokillyourfellowsformeat.Anotherthingisthelossofgorillas’naturalhome等信息可知本段主要是描述了大猩猩當(dāng)前被捕殺和家園被破壞的不幸遭遇。BManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質(zhì)),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream〞.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve〞creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.34.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein. B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste. D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.35.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter. B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening. D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.36.Whatis“ajuicer〞inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert. B.Adrink.C.Acontainer. D.Amachine.37.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Atravelbrochure.【答案】34.C35.B36.D37.B【解析】本文是一篇日常生活類說明文。文中講述了人們熱愛水果豐富的7月，這時(shí)候各種水果營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富且含有對(duì)人體有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我們可以利用它做一些孩子喜歡的甜點(diǎn)或冰淇淋?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問的是，作者喜歡櫻桃什么。根據(jù)第二段中Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?〔至于櫻桃，因?yàn)樗鼈兒芎贸哉l(shuí)在乎呢?〕可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。應(yīng)選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.可知，往香蕉上滴新鮮的檸檬汁是為了防止香蕉變成褐色，故新鮮的檸檬汁是被用來保持香蕉的顏色的。應(yīng)選B?！?6題詳解】詞義猜想題。根據(jù)最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知，孩子們喜歡把一些水果和冷凍的香蕉放入到這臺(tái)機(jī)器的上部，然后看到冰激凌從下面出來。故可以推出ajuicer就是一臺(tái)機(jī)器。應(yīng)選D。【37題詳解】文章出處題。文章首先指出七月是水果盛產(chǎn)的季節(jié)，并指出各種水果富含的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，最后一段指出我們可以用ajuicer為孩子們做一些甜點(diǎn)和冰激凌，故最可能是從健康雜志上摘取的文章。A項(xiàng)意為：生物教科書；B項(xiàng)意為：一本健康雜志；C項(xiàng)意為：一篇研究論文；D項(xiàng)意為：一本旅游手冊(cè)。應(yīng)選B。點(diǎn)睛：做詞義猜想題時(shí)我們要注意觀察，劃線單詞的構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)。如此題背劃線的單詞是juicer，我們都知道“er〞是單詞的后綴。它既可以表示人，又可以表示物。如：cleaner既可以表示清潔工，又可以表示清潔工具。根據(jù)下文中的意思，可以判斷出此題中的ajuicer是表示物。CCaliforniahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2023,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.38.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.39.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.40.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt. B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate. D.Dampnessoftheair.41.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D.PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】38.A39.D40.C41.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究顯示，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來，加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，而氣候變化似乎是其主要因素?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。第二段中，作者用具體數(shù)據(jù)說明了大樹損失在各個(gè)地區(qū)的嚴(yán)重程度，沒有任何地區(qū)幸免或不受影響，應(yīng)選A。【39題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).可知，對(duì)野火的控制使得加利福尼亞的森林里擠滿了小樹，與大樹爭(zhēng)奪資源，也就是對(duì)野火的控制是善意的，但對(duì)大樹產(chǎn)生了不利的影響。應(yīng)選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.可知，造成加州水資源短缺的最大因素是溫度升高，這導(dǎo)致樹木向空氣中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，這減少了旱季對(duì)樹木的供水量。應(yīng)選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來，加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，文章分析了引起該現(xiàn)象的幾個(gè)主要因素。全文圍繞“加州森林的大樹都去哪兒了〞話題展開，應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A。DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration—Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2023.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2023.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions〔排放〕morethandoublingduringthe1992to2023window.Sowhat'sthesolution〔解決方案〕?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2023,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.42.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.43.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.44.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV. B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV. D.Thedesktopcomputer.45.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem. B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem. D.Recyclethem.【答案】42.A43.D44.B45.A【解析】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章指出紐約羅徹斯特理工學(xué)院的CallieBabbitt和她的同事研究證實(shí)：舊電子設(shè)備要比新設(shè)備耗能高，所以作者主張使用新電子設(shè)備，既經(jīng)濟(jì)又環(huán)保。【42題詳解】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment–andourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.可知，使用舊的電子設(shè)備對(duì)環(huán)境和我們的錢包都是壞消息。這些過時(shí)的設(shè)備做相同的事情要消耗比新設(shè)備更多的能量。由此推知作者認(rèn)為新電子設(shè)備環(huán)保、節(jié)能。應(yīng)選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife可知，Babbitt’steam研究的目的是弄清楚這些設(shè)備用了多少電。應(yīng)選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知，平板電腦是耗能最少的電子設(shè)備，可以降低44%的耗能。應(yīng)選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容可知，因?yàn)榕f的電子設(shè)備耗能高，不環(huán)保。所以作者建議停止使用舊的電子設(shè)備。應(yīng)選A。點(diǎn)睛：熟悉比擬句型是徹底理解本文的關(guān)鍵，也是解題的關(guān)鍵。本文中的比擬句型：1.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment–andourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenewsonesthatdothesamethings做同樣的事，舊的過時(shí)的裝置比新裝置消耗更多能源，對(duì)環(huán)境有害，浪費(fèi)錢財(cái)。2.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2023window.根據(jù)Babbitt團(tuán)隊(duì)的分析，舊的桌面顯示器和陰極射線管箱式電視機(jī)是最差的電子設(shè)備，它們的耗能和溫室氣體的排放是1992到2023window的兩倍還多。3.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在平板電腦上看的隨需變化的娛樂節(jié)目比在電視和電腦上看耗能減少了44%。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump?〞Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofsamecoin.___46___Likethechildonthedivingboard,youwillstayundecided.___47___Morethanthathowshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelatedtoyourcommitment.Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.___48___So,slowdownandthinkwhatyoureallywanttodoatthatmoment.Clarity(清晰)ofthoughtscanhelpyoumoveforward.Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.____49____Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample,youmaywanttobeapilotbutcan’tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough.____50____Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.Youwillsurelyneedtoovercomesomedifficulties,someplanned,butmostunplanned.Youcannotovercomethemwithoutamplemotivation.Makesurethatyouplanforthesedifficultiesatthetimeofsettingyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.【答案】46.G47.B48.A49.E50.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)的關(guān)系以及如何激發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)并設(shè)定切實(shí)可行的目標(biāo)?！?6題詳解】上文說“動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)設(shè)定是同一枚硬幣的兩面〞，下文說“就像孩子在跳水臺(tái)，你會(huì)猶豫不決。〞，該空承上啟下，G選項(xiàng)“沒有動(dòng)力，你就既不能設(shè)定目標(biāo)，也無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)它〞切題，應(yīng)選G?！?7題詳解】上一段闡述了動(dòng)機(jī)和設(shè)定目標(biāo)的關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)了動(dòng)機(jī)的重要性，本隊(duì)進(jìn)一步講如何鼓勵(lì)自己并保持動(dòng)力來實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)“那么你應(yīng)該如何鼓勵(lì)自己呢？〞承上啟下，應(yīng)選B?！?8題詳解】上文說“有時(shí)候你心不在工作上〞，下文說“所以，減慢速度，想一想那時(shí)候，你到底想干什么〞。該空承上啟下，A選項(xiàng)“這會(huì)影響你的工作〞切題，應(yīng)選A?！?9題詳解】上文說“記得，目標(biāo)是靈活的〞。該空承接上文，E選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)根據(jù)環(huán)境的改變而改變〞切題，應(yīng)選E?！?0題詳解】上文說“你可能想當(dāng)一名飛行員，但是不能成為一名飛行員，因?yàn)槟愕囊暳Σ粔蚝谩（曄挛恼f“你應(yīng)該重新評(píng)估你的目標(biāo)，并且設(shè)定一個(gè)新的目標(biāo)〞。該空承上啟下，C選項(xiàng)“然而，這不應(yīng)該使你氣餒。〞切題，應(yīng)選C。第三局部:書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，35分)第一節(jié)(15分)51.假設(shè)