機(jī)械類外文翻譯

精品文檔Aweb-basedmanufacturingservicesystemforrapidproductdevelopmentHongboLana,YuchengDinga,*,JunHonga,HailiangHuangb,BinghengLuaAbstract:Thispaperproposesanovelintegratedsystemofrapidproductdevelopmentbasedonrapidprototyping,anddevelopsanetworkedmanufacturingservicesystemwhichoffersbettersupportfortherapidproductdevelopmentinsmallandmediumsizedenterprisesbytakingfulladvantageofthequicklyevolvingcomputernetworkandinformationtechnologies.Thearchitectureofthenetworkedmanufacturingservicesystemispresented.Furthermore,someofthekeyissues,includingmodellingandplanningamanufacturingchain,selectingfeasiblecollaborativemanufacturers,queuingamanufacturingtask,usingthesynchronouslycollaborativeworkenvironment,andconstructingasuitablerunningplatform,aredescribedindetail.Java-enabledsolution,togetherwithwebtechniques,isemployedforbuildingsuchanetworkedservicesystem.Finally,anactualexampleisprovidedillustratingtheapplicationofthisservicesystem.Keywords：Rapidproductdevelopment;Rapidprototyping;Servicesystem;Web-basedapplication1.IntroductionThisistheeraofinformationtechnology.Informationtechnologyhasinfluencedeveryrealmofsociety,anddramaticallyimpactedonthetraditionalindustry.Currentindustriesarefacingthenewchallenges:quickresponsetobusinessopportunityhasbeenconsideredasoneofthemostimportantfactorstoensurecompanycompetitiveness;manufacturingindustryisevolvingtowarddigitalization,networkandglobalization.Inordertorespondtothechangeeffectively,manufacturingstrategyhastobemodifiedfromtimetotimeinaccordancewiththemarketsituationandcustomerdemand.Anychangeofstrategyshouldenablemanufacturerstobebetterequippedthemselves,withcapabilitiestocopewithdemandssuchasafasterresponsetomarketchanges,ashortenedleadtimeofproduction,improvedqualityandspeed,theabilitytodeliverquality。I歡迎下載精品文檔productstoglobalcustomers,andimprovedcommunicationsandtransportationsystem[1].Itisanestablishedfactthattheuseofcomputersindesignandmanufacturingconstitutesthemostsignificantopportunityforsubstantialproductivitygaininindustry.Ithasnowbeenwidelyacceptedthatthefutureofmanufacturingorganizationswillbeinformation-oriented,knowledgedrivenandmuchoftheirdailyoperationswillbeautomatedaroundtheglobalinformationnetworkthatconnectseveryonetogether[2].Inordertomeetthedemandofrapidproductdevelopment,variousnewtechnologiessuchasreverseengineering(RE),rapidprototyping(RP),andrapidtooling(RT)haveemergedandareregardedasenablingtoolswithabilitiestoshortentheproductdevelopmentandmanufacturingtime.Forexample,ithasbeenclaimedthatRPcancutnewproductdevelopmentcostsbyupto70%andthetimetomarketby90%[3].However,theseequipmentsaretooexpensiveforthesmallandmediumsizedenterprises(SMEs),andmanytechniquessuchas3DCADsolidmodelling,RPprocessplanning,free-formsurfacesreconstruction,etc.,requirethehighskilledpersonneltocomplete.Therefore,itisespeciallydifficultfortheSMEstotakefulladvantageofthesetechnologiesintheproductdevelopmentprocess.InordertoofferthesupportofrapidproductdevelopmentfornumerousSMEs,manyRPservicebureaus(SBs)whichcannotonlymanufacturephysicalprototypeandrapidtoolingbutalsoprovideotherengineeringservices,havebeenestablished.By2001,therearemorethan500SBsallovertheworld.ButnoteverySBcanpossessalldesignandmanufacturingcapabilitiesrequired,itmustemployeffectivelytheexternalresourcetobettersatisfyclientrequirements.Namely,avirtualenterprisewhichusuallydefinedasatemporaryallianceofenterprisesthatcometogethertosharetheirskills,corecompetencies,andresourceinordertobetterrespondtobusinessopportunities,whosecooperationissupportedbycomputernetworks[4–6],istobefounded.EverySBconductsonlythetasksofitscorecompetencies,anddependsonnumerouspartnerstocarryouttheremainingtasksthatthisSBhasnosuchmanufacturingcapabilitiestoaccomplishintime.Whileanewthoughtemphasizingservicequalityisbecomingabasicstrategy。II歡迎下載精品文檔bywhichmanufacturingindustriescanwinglobalcompetitioninthe21stcentury.Teleserviceengineeringisanemergingfieldwhichaddresses‘‘service’’issueformanufacturersandcustomers.Asdigitalmanufacturingtechniqueprogressesquickly,digitalservicewillbeintegratedseamlesslyintothedigitaldesignandmanufacturingsystem[7].Theinternet,incorporatingcomputersandmultimedia,hasprovidedtremendouspotentialforremoteintegrationandcollaborationinbusinessandmanufacturingapplications.InordertoprovideaproductioncollaborativeenvironmentformanySMEsandSBstoimplementthenetworkedmanufacturing,itisespeciallyurgentformanySBsandSMEstoconstructaserviceplatformofnetworkedmanufacturingtospeeduptheproductdevelopmentprocessoftheSMEs.Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows.RelatedresearchworkisreviewedinSection2.InSection3,weintroduceanintegratedsystemofrapidproductdevelopmentbasedonRP.Section4describestheworkflowandfunctionaldesignofthenetworkedmanufacturingservicesystem.TheconfigurationofsystemrunningplatformispresentedinSection5.InSection6,wediscussthedesignofinternetapplication.AcasestudyisdemonstratedinSection7.Finally,Section8concludesthepaper.2.RelatedresearchWiththedevelopmentofcomputernetworkandinformationtechnologies,thenetworkedmanufacturingtechniquesareplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleinmanufacturingindustry.Substantialinvestmentshavebeenmadetosupporttheresearchandpracticeof950networkedmanufacturing(telemanufacturingorglobalmanufacturing)fromboththeacademiccommunityandindustrialbodiesallovertheworldinrecentyears.Anumberofstrategiesandframeworkshavebeenproposed.Abdel-Maleketal.[8]describedastructurewithinwhichacompanycanoutsourceseveralofitsproductionanddesignactivitiesviainternetanddevelopedamodeltoaidacompanyinselectingamongtheavailabletechnologicalandfunctionalalternativestomaximizeitsflexibility.Montreuiletal.[9]presentedastrategicframeworkfordesigningandoperating。III歡迎下載精品文檔agilemanufacturingnetworks,enablingtocollaborativelyplan,controlandmanageday-to-daycontingenciesinadynamicenvironment.Tsoetal.[10]introducedthearchitectureofanagent-basedcollaborativeservicesupportsystem,whichisabletocarryoutservicerequestsinamanufacturinginformationnetworkthroughsomespeciallydesignedvirtualagents.Chengetal.[11]putforwardanintegratedframeworkforweb-baseddesignandmanufacturingwhichisdevelopedbasedonJavasolutionandCORBA-ORGbrokingtechnologies.OffodileandAbdel-Malek[12]introducedaframeworkforintegratingITandmanufacturingstrategiesusingthevirtualmanufacturingparadigm.Huangetal.[13]presentedaholonicframeworkforvirtualenterprisesandcontrolmechanismsofvirtualenterprisesunderthisframework.O’Sullivan[14]describedaninformationarchitectureandassociatedtoolsetforunderstandingandmanagingtheprocessofbusinessdevelopment.AkkermansaandHorstc[15]discussedmanagerialaspectsofinformationtechnologyinfrastructurestandardisationinnetworkedmanufacturingfirmsandpresentedastrategicframeworktoguidemanagersinmakingsensibledecisionsregardingITinfrastructurestandardisation,basedonanumberofpre-existingeconomicandmanagementtheories,suchastransactioncosttheory,organisationaldesignandITmaturitygrowthstages.Jinetal.[16]presentedaresearchonkeyapplicationtechnologiesandsolutions,whichincludesanetworksafetystrategywhichensuresdatatransferamongtheleaguermembers;productiondatamanagementbasedonWeb/DOT(distributedobjecttechnology)andXMLcriteriawhichensuredataexchangeinstructure-variancecharacteristicenvironments;thenetworkplatformwhichprovidestheconversionserviceofdifferenttypesofCADfiles.WoernerandWoern[17]introducedanewwebservicebasedplatformprovidingdevelopedmethodsforco-operativeplantproductionwithinvirtualengineering.Tofullrealizetheteleserviceengineeringintoday’sglobalizedmanufacturingindustryandmeetthecurrentmarketsituationandcustomerdemand,anumberofglobalmanufacturingnetworkshavebeenestablishedby,amongothers,。IV歡迎下載精品文檔theSocietyofManufacturingEngineer[18],LockheedMartin(AIMSNET)[19]and3M(the3MInnovationGlobalNetwork)[20].Today’sindustriesarefacingseriousstructuralproblemsbroughtaboutbytheirrapiddevelopmentofoverseasactivitiesunderaglobalintegratedmanufacturingenvironment.Serviceandmaintenancearebecomingextremelyimportantpracticesforcompaniestomaintaintheirmanufacturingproductivityandcustomersatisfactioninforeignregions.Duetotheinherentproblemsoftraditionalhelpdesksupport,somecompanieshavestarteddevelopingweb-basedonlinecustomerservicesupportsystem.Fooetal.[21]describedanintegratedhelpdesksupportforcustomerserviceviainternet.Lee[7]discussedtheconceptandframeworkofateleserviceengineeringsystemforthelifecyclesupportofmanufacturingequipmentandproducts.AsystemforremotecustomersupporthasbeencreatedintheFCSAdemonstratoroftheGloberman21project[22].Thepurposeofthesesystemsaboveistoprovideeffectiveandresponsiveremotesupporttocustomersintheuse,maintenanceandtroubleshootingoftheirequipment.UniversityofCaliforniaisstudyinganddevelopingaprojectcalledtheTele-ManufacturingFacility(TMF)whichistocreateanautomatedRPcapabilityontheInternet.TMFallowsuserstoeasilysubmitjobsandhavethesystemautomaticallymaintainaqueue.Whileitcanautomaticallycheckmanyflawsin.STLfiles,andinmanycases,fixthem[23].RPpotentiallyoffersgreatbenefitswhenusedduringthedesignandmanufacturingprocess.However,RPmustbeusedinaneffectivemannerifthesebenefitsaretobefullyexploited.TheRP-noviceshavealotofdifficultiesingettingaglobalviewoftheRPtechniqueandintacklingwellfoundeddecisionforinvestmentoroutsourcingofRPtasksbecauseoftheveryquickappearanceofnewandimprovedprocessesinthisfield.InordertohelpnovicesselectasuitableRPprocess,therapidprototypingsystemselectorhasbeendevelopedbymanyresearchers[24–27].Q,whichisaprivatelyheldmanufacturingservicescompanydedicatedtoprovidingcustomerswithanon-lineE-commercesystemtoprocurelowvolumeandhigh-volume。V歡迎下載精品文檔custommanufacturedparts,hasdevelopedaQuickQuotesystem.TheQuickQuotesystemenablescustomerstogetinstant,customerizedquotationsfortheproductionoftheirparts[28].3DSystemsCompany,whichistheearliestandbiggestRPequipmentmanufacturer,hasprovidedRP&MserviceforcustomerviaInternet[29].Fromtheseliteraturessurvey,itisclearthatmostofstudiesmainlyfocusedonthestrategyandoverallarchitectureofnetworkedmanufacturingaswellasindividualfunctionmodule,thereisstillnocomprehensiveandbanausicnetworkedmanufacturingservicesystemtosupportrapidproductdevelopment.Builtontheemergingresearchesandourearlierwork(e.g.Refs.[30,31]),aweb-basedmanufacturingservicesystemforrapidproductdevelopmentistobeestablished.3.ArchitectureoftheintegratedsystemofrapidproductdevelopmentThedevelopmentprocessfrominitialconceptualdesigntocommercialproductisaniterativeprocesswhichincludes:productdesign;analysisofperformance,safetyandreliability;productprototypingforexperimentalevaluation;anddesignmodification.Therefore,anystepofnewproductdevelopmentprocesshasadirectandstronginfluenceontime-to-market.Agoodproductdevelopmentofproductdesign,manufacturing,sellingandrecyclingattheearlystageofadesigncycle.Sothatdesigniterationandchangescanbemadeeasilyandeffectively.Themorefluentthefeedbackis,thehigherpossibilitysuccessofthesystemhas.Designformanufacturing(DFM)andconcurrentengineering(CE)requirethatproductandprocessdesignbedevelopedsimultaneouslyratherthansequentially[32].Theintegratedsystemofrapidproductdevelopmentiscomposedofthreemodules:digitalprototype,physicalprototypeandrapidtoolingandfunctionalpartmanufacturingsystem.Theproductdevelopmentstartsfromthecreationofa3Dmodelusinga3DCADsoftwarepackage.Atthatstagetheproductgeometryisdefinedanditsaestheticanddimensionalcharacteristicsareverified.Themainfunctionofdigitalprototypeistoperform3DCADmodelling.Theproductand。VI歡迎下載精品文檔itscomponentsaredirectlydesignedona3DCADsystem(e.g.Pro/Engineer,Unigraphics,CATIA,IDEAS,etc.)duringthecreativedesignprocess.Ifaphysicalpartisavailable,themodelcanbeconstructedbythereverseengineering(RE)technique.REisamethodologyforconstructingCADmodelsofphysicalpartsbydigitizinganexistingpart,creatingadigitalmodelandthenusingittomanufacturingcomponents[33].REcanreducethedevelopmentcyclewhenredesignsbecomenecessaryforimprovedproductperformance.Pre-existingpartswithfeaturesforimprovedperformancecanbereadilyincorporatedintothedesiredpartdesign.Whenadesignercreatesanewdesignusingmock-up,itisalsonecessarytoconstructtheCADmodelofthemock-upforfurtheruseofthedesigndatainanalysisandmanufacturing.ThethreeprimarystepsinREprocessarepartdigitization,featuresextraction,and3DCADmodelling.Partdigitizationisaccomplishedbyavarietyofcontactornon-contactdigitizers.Therearevariouscommercialsystemsavailableforpartdigitization.Theresystemsrangefromcoordinatemeasuringmachine(CMM),laserscannerstoultrasonicdigitizers.Theycanbeclassifiedintotwobroadcategories:contactandnon-contact.Lasertriangulationscanner(LTS),magneticresonanceimages(MRI),andcomputertomography(CT)arecommonlyusednon-contactdevices.ContactdigitizersmainlyhaveCMMandcross-sectionalimagingmeasurement(CIM).Featureextractionisnormallyachievedbysegmentingthedigitizeddataandcapturingsurfacefeaturessuchasedges.Partmodellingisfulfilledthroughfittingavarietyofsurfacetothesegmenteddatapoints[34].Inordertoreducetheiterationsofdesign-prototypetestcycles,increasetheproductprocessandmanufacturingreliability,itisnecessarytoguideinoptimizationoftheproductdesignandmanufacturingprocessthroughCAE.TheCADmodelcanbedirectlyconvertedtothephysicalprototypeusingaRPtechnique.RPisanewformingprocesswhichfabricatesphysicalpartslayerbylayerundercomputercontroldirectlyfrom3DCADmodelsinaveryshorttime.Incontrasttotraditionalmachiningmethods,themajorityofrapidprototypingsystemstendtofabricatepartsbasedonadditivemanufacturingprocess,rather。VII歡迎下載精品文檔thansubtractionorremovalofmaterial.Therefore,thistypeoffabricationisunconstrainedbythelimitationsinherentinconventionalmachiningapproaches[35].RPpotentiallyoffersgreatbenefitswhenusedduringthedesignandmanufacturingprocess.Itcanhelpshortentime-to-market,improvequalityandreducecost.Overthelast10years,RPmachineshavebeenwidelyusedinindustry.TheRPmethodscommerciallyavailableincludeStereolithgraphy(SL),SelectiveLaserSintering(SLS),FusedDepositionManufacturing(FDM),LaminatedObjectManufacturing(LOM),BallisticParticleManufacturing(BMP),andThreeDimensionalPrinting(3Dprinting)[36],etc.RTisatechniquethattransformstheRPpatternsintofunctionalparts,especiallymetalparts.Furthermore,theintegrationofbothRPandRTindevelopmentstrategypromotestheimplementationofconcurrentengineeringincompanies.NumerousprocesseshavebeendevelopedforproducingdiesfromRPsystem.TheRTmethodscangenerallybedividedintodirectandindirecttoolingcategories,andalsosoft(firm)andhardtoolingsubgroups.IndirectRTrequiressomekindsofmasterpatterns,whichcanbemadebyconventionalmethods(e.g.HSM),ormorecommonlybyanRPprocesssuchasSLorSLS.DirectRT,asthenamesuggests,involvesmanufacturingatoolcavitydirectlyontheRPsystem,henceeliminatingtheintermediatestepofgeneratingapattern[37].Onthebasisofabovetechniques,anovelintegratedsystemofrapidproductdevelopmentistobeestablished.ItsdetailedstructureisshowninFig.1.4.TheworkflowandfunctiondesignTheworkflowoftheservicesystemofnetworkedmanufacturingisshowninFig.2.ThefirststepistologintothewebsiteofSB.Usershavetoentertheirnamesandpasswords.Thosewithoutregistrationorauthorizationcanalsoenterintothesystem,buttheyarelimitedtoviewingtheinformationthatisopentothepublicsuchas‘‘typicalcases’’inthissystem.Thepasswordenteredbytheuserwillbeverifiedbythesystem.AfterenteringtheSBwebsitesuccessfully,thesystemwillcheckthesecuritylevelofusers,anddeterminewhichmodulestheycanaccessoremploy.Accordingtoauthenticationforthe。VIII歡迎下載精品文檔system,allusersaretobedividedintofourcategories:generalusers(withoutregistration),potentialclients,realclients,andsystemadministrator.Receivedjobrequestsfromclients,theSBwillperformfirstlyprocessplanningwhichfulfillsthetaskdecompositionandselectsthemostsuitableprocessmethods.ItisnecessaryforuserstogetthepreliminaryproductquoteandmanufacturingtimefromtheSBbeforethefollow-upprocesscontinues.Ifsuchresultsmaybeacceptedinitially,TheSBwillnegotiatefurtherwithusersbyVideo-conferencingsystem.Oncecometotermeachother,acontractistobeconfirmed,andtheuserbecomesarealclient.ThemanufacturingtaskssubmittedbyrealclientshadbetterbeimplementedintheSB.However,iftheSBhasnosuchmanufacturingcapabilitiesorcannotaccomplishthenintime,itisaneffectivewaythattheSBtakesfulladvantageofexternalsourcestocarryouttheremainingtasks.Thenextstepistoselecttheappropriatecollaborativemanufacturingenterprisestoformavirtualenterprisetocompletethetasksbythetaskassignmentdecisionsystem.Inaddition,inordertomonitorthemanufacturingscheduletoensuresmoothproduction,bothcollaborativemanufacturingenterprisesandSBitselfmustprovideasquicklyaspossibletheessentialinformationrelatedtoproductionprogressandscheduleforthemoduleofproductionmonitor.SoanycompaniesfallingbehindscheduleorfailingtomeetqualitystandardswillbecloselyexaminedbySBanduserstoensurethatprecautionaryorremedialmeasuresaremadeaheadoftimeoranydamagingeffectsarepredicted.Referringtotheworkflowofnetworkedservicesystemaboveandthefunctionalrequirementofthedigitalteleservicesystem,theservicesystemconsistsofninefunctionalmodules:thetechniqueresearch,typicalcases,informationconsultation,ASP(applicationserviceprovider)toolset,clientmanagement,Electroniccommerce,manufacturingservice,systemnavigation.ItsdetailedstructureisshowninFig.3.Theseninecomponentsworktogetherseamlesslytoachievethecommonobjectives,。IX歡迎下載精品文檔i.e.toprovideaneffectiveandpromptserviceplatformtosupporttherapidproductdevelopmentofSMEs.Oneofthepurposesofthetechniqueresearchistoenableuserstoincreaseawarenessoftherelevantknowledgeofrapidproductdevelopment.Inordertohelpusersbetterunderstandandapplythesenewtechniques,thesystemillustratesanumberofreal-lifecases.Boththetechniqueresearchandtypicalcasesmainlyprovideself-helpserviceforusers.Dependingonthepredominanceofspecialtyandexpert,theSBcananswerthequeriesofclientsandcommunicatewithnovicestosolvetheirproblemsbytheinformationconsultationmodule.TheASPtoolsetprovidesfiveusefulcomponentsbelow:theprocessplanningofRE/RP/RT,STLcheckingandfixing,theoptimizationofpartorientation,thesupportstructuregeneration,andtheoptimizationofpartslicing.TherearevariousprocessmethodsforRE,RPandRTaspreviouslydescribed,eachofthemhasitscharacteristicsandthescopeofapplication.Itisespeciallydifficultformanynovicestoselectthemostsuitableprocessmethodsaccordingtotheindividualtaskrequirementandcondition.ThreeselectorsbasedonASPmode,namely,‘‘REselector’’,‘‘RPselector’’,and‘‘RTselector’’havebeendevelopedtoperformprocessplanningautomaticallyintheWebServerside.In[38],Millerstatesthat.STLfilescreatedfromsolidmodelshaveanomaliesabout10%ofthetimeandthosecreatedfromsurfacemodelshaveproblemsabout90%ofthetime.ErrorratesinthisrangemakeitclearthatautomatederrorcheckingisimportantforallRPoperations.Basedonourexperiencewithsupplyingnetwork-basedresources,weknowthatitisespeciallycrucialtoperformautomaticerrorcheckingwhentheRPoperationisnotatthedesigner’ssite.Wehavedevelopedvariousalgorithmstodetect,andinsomecases,automaticallyfixgeometricandtopologicalflaws.Therearetwo‘‘firewalls’’todetectthoseflaws:oneisintegratedwiththeonlinepricingenginethatwillbeoperatedbytheuserbeforethe.STLfileissubmittedtotheSB,whiletheotheristorunontheSB’sServer-sideafterthe.STLfileissubmitted.Becausethefunctionoffixingisquiterestricted,ifa.STLfilehasfatalflawsorlosessomedata。X歡迎下載精品文檔duringtransferring,itwouldhavetobeuploadedagainfromtheClient-side.PartsformedusingRPtechniquecanvarysignificantlyinqualitydependingonthemanufacturingprocessplanning.TheprocessplanningofRPisperformedtogeneratethetoolpathsandprocessparametersforapartthatistobebuiltbyaparticularRPprocess.Thestepsrequiredarethepartorientation,supportstructuregeneration,slicing,pathplanning,andprocessparameterselection.Therefore,itisalsoveryimportantforremoteusersthatSBcanprovidetheseprocessplanningtechniques.Threesub-modulesincludingtheoptimizationofpartorientation,supportstructuregeneration,andtheoptimizationofpartslicing,havebeendevelopedtoaideffectivelyusersinsettingRPprocessvariablesinordertobestachievespecificbuildgoalsanddesiredpartcharacteristic.BothpotentialclientsandrealclientscanemployfreelytheASPtoolset.Electroniccommercemoduleiscomposedoffoursections:theonlinequote,build-timeestimation,onlinebusinessnegotiation,andelectroniccontractmanagement.Conventionally,theSBmayquoteaccordingtotheclient’sofferings(e.g.CADmodels,2Ddrawingsorphysicalprototypes)utilizingtheirexperiencesorjustgetpaymentaftertheRPmodelhasbeenbuilt.Butforteleservice,itisnecessaryfortheremoteuserstoinquireabouttheserviceexpenseofmakingRPprototypebeforethefollow-upprocesscontinues.Hence,anonlinepricingengine(OPE)hasbeendeveloped.ThedetailsoftheOPEStereolithography oriented havebeendiscussedin[39]. Theaccurate predictionofthebuild-time required isalso critical for various activities suchas:thejobquoting,thejobscheduling,theselectionofbuildparameters(e.g.layerthickness andorientation), benchmarking,etc. Twobuild-time estimators basedonsliced processandSTLhavebeenexploited, respectively. Ref.[40] presentstheprincipleofabuild-timeestimationalgorithmforStereolithograpybasedonmodelgeometricalfeatures.Afterclientsacceptinitiallythequote,theymaynegotiatewithSBonthebusinessandtechnologicaldetails.TheMicrosoftNetMeetingwhichcan setupacollaborative environment tofulfillinformation。XI歡迎下載精品文檔sharing,filetransferring,VideoandAudiocommunicationetc.,providesanidealtoolfortheonlinenegotiation.ItisalsoseamlesslyintegratedIEBrowser,thusclientscancallSBatanymoment.Asaresultofnegotiation,anelectroniccontractistobesigned.Toeffectivelymanageandoperatetheseelectroniccontracts,thesystemalsoprovidesacontractmanagementcomponent.Itisespeciallyconvenientandpromptforclientstosubmit,inquire,andsearchcontractthroughthismodule.Themanufacturingservicemodulewhichcoversthejobmanagement,collaborativemanufacturing,processmonitor,andcollaborativeenterprisesmanagement,isregardedasoneofthemostimportantfunctionmodulesintheservicesystem.Whenacontractisconfirmed,clientswillformallysubmittheirjobrequirements(e.g.RE,3DCADmodelling,CAE,RPprototype,orrapidtooling)andsources(e.g.objectparts,digitizeddatacloud,2Dmodels,3Dmodels,or.STLfiles).Inordertohelpmanynovicessubmitquicklyandeasythemanufacturingtasks,variousjobandsourcetemplateshavebeencreated,whiletheclientcansearch,modify,andevendeletethemanufacturingtasksitselfiftheoccasionarises.TheCollaborativeManufacturingSystem(CMS)isresponsiblefortheselectionofcollaborativeenterprises(CE).Inaddition,itisextraordinarilyimportantandnecessarytomonitorthemanufacturingscheduleandcontrolproductqualitytoensuresmoothproduction.Inthepast,aSBhadtospendmuchtimeondealingwithalotofinquiresfromtheclientsbyviaphonecallsorFaxes.Now,theProcessMonitorSystem(PMS)providesvariousfacilitieswhichcanguaranteethetaskstobecompletedtimely.AnypartnersfallingbehindscheduleorfailingtomeetqualitystandardswillbecloselyexaminedbySBanduserstoensurethatprecautionaryorremedialmeasuresaremadeaheadoftimeoranydamagingeffectsarepredicted.All information (nomatterif it isareal client beingreadyfor acontractwiththeSBorjustapotentialoneshowinghisintentorinquiry)involvedinthewholeservice processaremanagedandmaintained byaspecial Database.Thesedataprovide strongsupports forbothonline businessandmanufacturing service.。XII歡迎下載精品文檔TocreateacollaborativeenvironmentamongSB,usersandCE,wehavetorelyfully onthemultimedia andInternet. Therefore, theservice systemoffers threeenabling tools: Videoconferencing system,Electronic white-boarding, andFTP.Inordertomakeuseofthesystemasquicklyaspossible,userscangethelpfromthesystemnavigationmodule.Theseninecomponentsformafully-integratedsystemthatisabletocarryouttasksinanefficientandeffectiveway.Onthebasisoftheworkflowandfunctionmoduleofservicesystem,thesystemframeworkcanbeconstructed asshowninFig. 4.Fig. 5illustrates thenetworkedstructureofservicesystem.5.ConfigurationofrunningplatformInordertorunthissystemeffectively,constructingasuitablerunningplatformisnecessaryandespeciallycrucial.Anoperatingsystem(OS)isoneofthemostbasicsoftwarecomponentsforrunningthissystem.TheoperatingsystemscommonlyfoundedonWebServersareUNIX,OS,Linux,andWindows,etc.Windows2000AdvancedServerisabetterplatformforrunni