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2023年12月英語四級真題(第一套)PartIWriting(30minutes)(請于正式開考后半小時內完畢該部分,之后將進行聽力考試)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouaretwooptionsupongraduat(yī)ion:oneistotakeajobinacompanyandtheothertogotoagraduateschool.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejusttheheard.1.A)Itwasgoingtoberenovat(yī)ed.C)Itwasdangeroustolivein.B)Hecouldnolongerpaytherent.D)Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.2.A)Astorm.C)Aforestfire.B)Astrike.D)ATerroristattack.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.B)Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.C)Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio.D)Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevat(yī)or.4.A)Theyprovidedtheminerwithfoodandwater.B)Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.C)Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.D)Theytriedhardtorepairtheaccident.?Question5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Raisepostagerates.C)Closesomeofitspostoffices.B)Improveitsservices.D)Redesigndeliveryroutes.6.A)Closingofficesonholidays.C)Computerizingmailsortingprocesses.B)Shorteningbusinesshours.D)StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.A)AlotofcontroversywillariseB)TaxpayerswillbeverypleasedC)ManypeoplewillbegintocomplainD)ManypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversat(yī)ionandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromfourchoicemarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteranAnswersheet1withasinglelinethoughthecentre.Question8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Hewilllosepartofhispay.C)Hewillbegivenawarning.B)Hewillgothroughretraining.D)Heisgogoodtermswithhisworkmates.A)Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.C)Heisalwaysontime.B)Heistrustworthyguy.D)Heisgogoodtermswithhisworkmates.A)Sheisat(yī)radeunionrepresentat(yī)ive.C)Sheisbetterat(yī)handingsuchmatters.?B)Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.D)Sheisinchargeofpublicrelation.A)Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.B)Heisskilledandexperienced.C)Heisveryclosetothemanager.D)Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.Question12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Open.C)Selfish.B)Reserved.D)Friendly.A)Theyreadabook.C)Theystayquiet.B)TheytalkabouttheweatherD)Theychatwithfellowpassengers.A)Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.B)Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague’shome.C)ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.D)Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.15.A)Housearemuchmorequiet.C)Theywantagardenoftheirown.B)Theywanttohavemorespace.D)Housesprovidemoreprivacy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.B)Theydon’thavetogothroughjobinterviews.C)Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.D)Theydon’thavemuchchoiceofjobs.17.A)Visittheschoolcareersservices.C)Lookatschoolbulletinboards.B)Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.D)Gothroughcampusnewspapers.A)Providingstudentswithinformat(yī)ionaboutthelibrary.B)Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.C)Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.D)Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Ittastesbetter.C)Itiseasiertogrow.B)Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.D)Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.A)Itcangrowindriersoil.C)Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.B)Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.D)Itishealthierthangreentea.A)Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.B)Ithasmadeteafarmers’lifeeasier.C)Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.D)Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.B)Theydecorat(yī)etheirhomesthemselves.C)Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.D)Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstat(yī)us.23.A)Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.B)Theycouldonlytrytocreateat(yī)night.C)Theywudoftheircreations.D)Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.24.A)Identifyfakecrafts.C)Designhandicraftsthemselves.B)Makewisechoices.D)Learntheimportanceofcreation.25.A)Toattractforeigninvestments.C)Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.B)Topreservethetraditionalculture.D)Toboostthelocaleconomy.PARTⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pl(wèi)easemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Manymenandwomenhavelongboughtintotheideathat(yī)thereare“male”and“female”brains,believingthatexplainsjustabouteverydifferencebetweenthesexes.Anewstudy26thatbelief,questioningwhetherbrainsreallycanbedistinguishedbygender.Inthestudy,TelAvivUniversityresearchers27forsexdifferencesthroughouttheentirehumanbrainAndwhatdidtheyfind?Notmuch.Ratherthanofferevidencefor28brainsas“male”or“female”,researchshowsthatbrainsfallintoawiderange,withmostpeoplefallingrightinthemiddle.DaphnaJoel,wholedthestudy,saidherresearchfoundthatwhiletherearesomegender‐based29,manydifferenttypesofbraincan’talwaysbedistinguishedbygender.Whilethe“average”maleand“average”femalebrainswere30different,youcouldn’ttellitbylookingatindividualbrainscans.Onlyasmall31ofpeoplehad“all-male”or“all-female”characteristics.LarryCahill,anAmericanneuroscientist(神經科學家),saidthestudyisanimportantadditiontoagrowingbodyofresearchquestioning32beliefsaboutgenderandbrainfunction.Buthecautionedagainstconcludingfromthisstudythatallbrainsarethesame,33ofgender.“There’samountainofevidence34theimportanceofsexinfluencesatalllevelsofbrainfunction,”hetoldTheSeattleTimes.Ifanything,hesaid,thestudy35that(yī)genderplaysaveryimportantroleinthebrain—“evenwhenwearenotclearexactlyhow.”A)abnormalI)regardlessB)appliedJ)searchedC)brieflyK)similaritiesD)categorizingL)slightlyE)challengesM)suggestsF)figureN)tastesG)percentageO)traditional、H)provingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregongingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichthrmationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2.CanBurglarsJamYourwirelessSecuritySystem?[A]Anyproductthatpromisestoprotectyourhomedeservescarefulexamination.Soitisn’tsurprisingthat(yī)you’llfindplentyofstrongopinionaboutthepotentialvulnerabilitiesofpopularhome-securitysystems.[B]Themostlikelytypeofburglary(入室盜竊)byfaristheunsophisticat(yī)edcrimeofopportunity,usuallyinvolvingabrokenorsomeforcedentry.AccordingtotheFBI,crimesliketheseaccountedforroughlytwo-thirdsofallhouseholdburglariesintheUSin2023.Thewidemajorityoftherestwereillegal,unforcedentriesthatresultedfromsomethinglikeawindowbeingleftopen.TheFBIdoesn’teventrackthosestatistics.[C]Oneofthemaintheoreticalhome-securityconcernsiswhetherornotagivensystemisvulnerabletobeingblockedfromworkingaltogether.Withwiredsetups,thefearisthataburglar(入室盜竊)mightbeabletoshutyoursystemdownsimplybycuttingtherightcable.Withawirelesssetup,youstickbattery-poweredsensoruparoundyourhomethatkeepsaneyeonwindows,doors,motion,andmore.Iftheydetectsomethingwrongwhilethesystemisarmed,they’lltransmitawirelessalertsignaltoaabasestationthatwillthenraisethealarm.Thatapproachwilleliminatemostcord-cuttingconcerns-butwhatabouttheirwirelessequivalent,jamming?Withtherightdevicetunedtotherightfrequency,what(yī)’stostopathieffromjammingyoursetupandblockingthatalertsignalfromeverreachingthebasestation?[D]Jammingconcernsarenothingnew,andthey’renotuniquetosecuritysystems.AnydeviceThat’sbuilttoreceiveawirelesssignalataspecificcanbeoverwhelmedbyastrongersignalcominginonthesamefrequency.Forcomparison,let’ssayyouwantedto“jam”aconversationbetweentwopeople-allyou’dneedtodoisyellinthelistener’sear.[E]Securitydevicesarerequiredtolistthefrequenciestheybroadcaston-thatmeansthatapotentialthiefcanfindwhattheyneedtoknowwithminimalGoogling.Theywill,however,needtoknowwhatsystemthey’arelookingfor.Ifyouhaveasigninyouryarddeclaringwhatsetupyouuse,that’dpointthemintherightdirection,thoughtatthatpoint,we’aretalkingaboutahighlytargeted,semi-sophisticat(yī)edattack,andnotthesortofforced-entryattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.It’seasiertofindandacquirejammingequipmentforsomefrequenciesthanitisforothers.[F]Wirelesssecurityproviderswilloftentakestepstohelpcombatthethreatofjammingattacks.SimpliSafe,winnerofourEditors’Choicedistinction,utilizesaspecialsystemthat(yī)’scapableofseparatingincidentalRFinterferenceformtargetedjammingattacks.Whenthesystemthinksit’sbeingjammed,it’llnotifyyouviapushalert(推送警報).Fromthere,it’suptoyoutosoundthealarmmanually.[G]SimpliSafewassingledoutinonerecentarticleonjamming,completewithavideoshowingtheentiresystembeingeffectivelybypassedwithhandheldjammingequipment.Aftertakingappropriat(yī)emeasuretocontaintheRFinterferencetoourtestlab,wetestedtheattackoutforourselves,andwereabletoverifythatit’ispossiblewiththerightequipment.However,wealsoverifiedthatSimpliSafe’santi-jammingsystemwords.Itcaughtusintheact,sentanalerttomysmartphone,andalsolistedourRFinterferenceonthesystem’seventlog.Theteambehindthearticleandvideoinquestionmakenomentionofthesystem,orwhetherornotitdetectedthem.[H]Weliketheuniquenatureofthatsoftware.Itmeansthatathieflikelywouldn’tbeabletoGooglehowthesystemwords,thenfigureoutawayaroundit.Eveniftheycould,SimpliSafeclaimsthat(yī)itssystemisalwaysevolving,andthatitvariesslightlyformsystemtosystem,whichmeanstherewouldn’tbeauniversalmagicformulaforcrackingit.Othersystemsalsoseemconfidentonthesubjectofjamming.TheteamatFrontpointaddressestheissueinablogonitssite,citingtheirownjamprotectionsoftwareandclaimingthattherearen’tanydocumentedcasesofasuccessfuljamattacksincethecompanybeganofferingwirelesssecuritysensorsinthe1980s.[I]Jammingat(yī)tacksareabsolutelypossible.Assaidbefore,withtherightequipmentandtherightknow-how,it’spossibletojamanywirelesstransmission.Buthowprobableisitthatsomeonewillsuccessfullyjamtheirwayintoyourhomeandstealyourstuff?[J]Let’simaginethatyouliveinasmallhomewithawirelesssecuritysetupthatoffersafunctionalanti-jammingsystem.First,athiefisgoingtoneedtotargetyourhome,specifically.Then,he’sgoingtoneedtoknowthetechnicaldetailsofyoursystemandacquirethespecificequipmentnecessaryforjammingyourspecificsetup.Presumably,youkeepyourdoorslockedatnightandwhileyou’reaway,sothethiefwillstillneedtobreakin.Thatmeansdefeatingthelocksomehow,orbreakingawindow.He’llneedtobejammingyouatthispoint,asabrokenwindoworopeneddoorwouldnormallyreleasethealarm.So,too,wouldthemotiondetectorsinyourhome,sothethiefwillneedtocontinuejammingoncehe’sinsideandsearchingforthingstosteal.However,he’llneedtodosowithouttrippingtheanti-jammingsystem,thedetailsofwhichhealmostcertainlydoesnothaveaccessto.[K]Attheendoftheday,thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash-and-grabattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries.They’realsoonlyasinglelayerinwhatshouldideallybeamany-sidedapproachtosecuringyourhome,onethatincludescommonsensethingslikesoundlocksandproperexploitlightingatnight.Nosystemisimpenetrable,andnonecanpromisetoeliminat(yī)etheworstcasecompletely.Everyoneofthemhasvulnerabilitiesthataknowledgeablethiefcouldtheoreticallyexploit.Agoodsystemisonethatkeepsthatworst-casesettingasimprobableaspossiblewhilealsoofferingstrongprotectionintheeventofaless-extraordinaryattack.36.Itispossibleforburglarstomakejammingattackswiththenecessaryequipmentandskill.37.Interferingwithawirelesssecuritysystemissimilartointerferingwithaconversation.38.Aburglarhastocontinuouslyjamthewirelesssecuritydevicetoavoidtriggeringthealarm,bothinsideandoutsidethehouse.39.SimpliSafeprovidesdevicesthatareabletodistinguishincidentalradiointerferencefromtargetedjammingattacks.40.Onlyaverysmalportionofburglariesarecommittedbytechnicalmeans.41.ItisdifficulttocrackSimpliSafeasitssystemkeepschanging.42.Wirelessdeviceswilltransmitsignalssoastoactivatethealarmoncesomethingwrongisdetected.43.Differentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectone’shomefromburglaryinadditiontothewirelesssecuritysystem.44.SimpliSafe’sdevicecansendawarningtothehouseowner’scellphone.45.Burglarscaneasilygetasecuritydevice’sfrequencybyInternetsearch.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmakedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asapersonwhowritersaboutfoodanddrinkforaliving,Icouldn’ttellyouthefirstthingaboutBillPerryorwhetherthebeershesellsarethatgreat.ButIcantellyouthatIlikethisguy.That’sbecauseheplanstobantippinginfavorofpayinghisserversanactuallivingwage.Ihatetipping.Ihateitbecauseit’sanobligat(yī)iondisguisedasanoption.Ihateitforthepost-dinnermathitrequiresofme.Butmostly,Ihat(yī)etippingbecauseIbelieveIwouldbeinabetterplaceifpaydecisionsregardingemployeesweresimplyleftuptotheiremployers,asisthecustominvirtuallyeveryotherindustry.Mostofyouprobablythinkthatyouhat(yī)etipping,too.Researchsuggestotherwise.Youactuallylovetipping!Youliketofeelthatyouhaveavoiceinhowmuchmoneyyouservermakes.Nomatterhowthemathworksout,youpersistentlyviewrestaurantswithvoluntarytippingsystemsasbeingalettervalue,whichmakesitextremelydifficultforrestaurantsandbarstodoawaywiththetippingsystem.Oneargumentthatyoutendtohearalotfromthepro-tippingcrowdseemslogicalenough:theserviceisbetterwhenwaitersdependontips,presumablybecausetheyseeabenefittosuccessfullyveilingtheircontemptforyou.Well,ifthisweretruewewouldallbeslippingafew100dollarbillstoourdoctorsonthewayouttheirdoors,too.Butasitturnsout,waitersseeonlyatinybumpintipswhentheydoanexceptionaljobcomparedtoapassableone.Waiters,keenobserversofhumanitythattheyare,arecatchingontothis;inonepoll,afull30%saidtheydidn’tbelievethejobtheydidanyimpactonthetipstheyreceived.Socomeon,folks:getonboardwithditchingtheoutdatedtipsystem.Payalittlemoreup–frontforyourbeerorburger.SupportBillPerry’spub,andanyotherbarorrestaurantthatdoesn’taskyoutododrunkenmath.46.WhatcanwelearnaboutBillPerryfromthepassage?A)Herunsapubthatservesexcellentbeer.B)Heintendstogetridofthetippingpractice.C)Hegiveshisstaffaconsiderablesumfortips.D)Helivescomfortablywithoutgettinganytips.47.Whatisthemainreasonwhytheauthorhat(yī)estipping?A)Itsetsabadexampleforotherindustries.B)Itaddstotheburdenofordinarycustomers.C)Itforcesthecustomerpensatethewaiter.D)Itposesagreatchallengeforcustomerstodomath.48.Whydomanypeoplelovetippingaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyhelpimprovethequalityoftherestaurantstheydinein.B)Theybelievewaitersdeservesuchrewardsforgoodservice.C)Theywanttopreserveawonderfultraditionoftheindustry.D)Theycanhavesomesayinhowmuchtheirserversearn.49.Whathavesomewaiterscometorealizeaccordingtoasurvey?A)Servicequalityhaslittleeffectontipsize.B)Itisinhumannaturetotrytosaveontips.C)Tipsmakeitmoredifficulttopleasecustomers.D)Tipsbenefitthebossrat(yī)herthantheemployees.50.Whatdoestheauthorargueforinthepassage?A)Restaurantsshouldcalculat(yī)ethetipsforcustomers.B)Customersshouldpaymoretipstohelpimproveservice.C)Waitersdeservebetterthanjustrelyingontipsforaliving.D)Waitersshouldbepaidbyemployersinsteadofcustomers.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthepast,fallingoilpriceshavegivenaboosttotheworldeconomy,butrecentforecastsforglobalgrowthhavebeentoneddown,evenasoilpricessinklowerandlower.Doesthatmeanthelinkbetweenloweroilpricesandgrowthhasweakened?Someexpertssaytherearestillgoodreasonstobelievecheapoilshouldheatuptheworldeconomy.Consumershavemoremoneyintheirpocketswhenthey’repayinglessat(yī)thepump.Theyspendthatmoneyonotherthings,whichstimulatestheeconomy.ThebiggestgainsgotocountriesthatimportmostoftheiroillikeChina,Japan,andIndia.Butdoesn’ttheextramoneyinthepocketsofthosecountries’consumersmeananequallossinoil-producingcountries,cancellingoutthegains?Notnecessarily,sayseconomicresearcherSaraJohnson.“Manyoilproducersbuiltuphugereservefundswhenpriceswerehigh,sowhenpricesfalltheywilldrawontheirreservestosupportspendandsubsidies(補貼)fortheirconsumers.”Butnotalloilproducershavebigreserves.InVenezuela,collapsingoilpriceshavesentitseconomyintofree-fall.EconomistCarlWeinbergbelievesthenegat(yī)iveeffectsofplungingoilpricesareoverwhelmingthepositiveeffectsofcheaperoil.Theimplicationisasharpdeclineinglobaltrade,whichhasplungedpartlybecauseoil-producingnationscant’saffordtoimportasmuchastheyusedto.SaraJohnsonacknowledgesthattheglobaleconomicbenefitfromafallinoilpricestodayislikelylowerthanitwasinthepast.Onereasonisthatmorecountriesarebigducersnow,sothenationssufferingfromthepricesdropaccountforalargershareoftheglobaleconomy.Consumers,intheU.S.atleast,actingcautiouslywiththesavingsthey’regettingatthegaspump,asthememoryoftherecentgreatrecessionisstillfreshintheirmind.Andanumberofoil-producingcountriesaretrimmingtheirgasolinesubsidiesandraisingtaxes,sothenetsavingsforglobalconsumersisnotasbigastheoilpriceplungemightsuggest.51.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A)Thereas

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