英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理判斷之觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理判斷之觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題真題感悟：(2018·浙江，C)Asculturalsymbolsgo，theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago，withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(裝配線)onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad，behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture：theroadsidediner，thebillboard，themotel，eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury，thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel，theroadmovie，thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas，bornofabundantpetrol，cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem，thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen，thissocietyhasmovedonward，neverlookingback，asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive(過(guò)度的)energyconsumption，climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL．Friedman.Hefearstheworst，buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign，buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater，cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”30．WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.一、題型解讀所謂作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，就是表達(dá)作者對(duì)某個(gè)話題、行為、事件的看法、感覺(jué)或判斷。作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一般分為三大類：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀；客觀、中立；反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。因此，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。此類試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事所持的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或看法，或推斷文中人物的語(yǔ)氣、性格等。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：1．What’sthewriter’sattitudetowards...?2．Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?二、解題技巧——“忠于措辭”定選項(xiàng)1．文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辭。(1)正確掌握字里行間所隱含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)。(2)留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語(yǔ)言及表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)或句子。(3)結(jié)合平時(shí)所積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的背景知識(shí)來(lái)進(jìn)行合理的推斷。(4)關(guān)注首段首尾句，推斷文章主題，確定作者觀點(diǎn)。2．要分清選項(xiàng)中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反對(duì)或否定的詞語(yǔ)，再以此對(duì)照文章內(nèi)容。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)：(1)表示支持或肯定的詞語(yǔ)favorable贊同的，有利的；positive積極的，肯定的，確實(shí)的；supportive支持的；approval贊成，正式批準(zhǔn)；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic熱情的等。(2)表示反對(duì)或否定的詞語(yǔ)critical批評(píng)的；negative否定的，消極的；disapproval不贊成；impractical不實(shí)際的；radical激進(jìn)的；prejudiced有成見(jiàn)的，偏頗的等。例如：【真題感悟】中第30題，根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，F(xiàn)riedman認(rèn)為綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)是使美國(guó)保持實(shí)力的一個(gè)機(jī)遇。由此可知，他對(duì)美國(guó)的未來(lái)充滿了希望。故選C項(xiàng)。限時(shí)訓(xùn)練：A(2018·湖南衡陽(yáng)第一次聯(lián)考)CarrieGracieisknowledgeableaboutChinaanditsaffairs.Shealsohasa1reputationasagenerouscolleague.ShehasresignedfromherjobasChinaeditorbecauseheremployerswillnotpayheratthesamerateastheypaythehandfulofmenwhodoasimilarlychallengingandimportantjob.Shehasresignedbecausesherefusedtogooncolluding(共謀)withtheBBC’sdishonestyaboutitsfailuretogivewomenandmenequalpayforequalwork.Graciewasrecruitedtothejob，becauseshehadallthetalentandskillstheBBCneededto10coverthedifficultinternationalanddomesticstoryoftheriseofChina.OneoftheconditionsshesetfortakingitwasequalpaywiththeBBC’sotherinternationaleditors，familiarnamesincludingJonSopelinWashingtonandJeremyBowenintheMiddleEast.Lastsummer，thegovernmentforcedtheBBCtopublishwhichofthefamiliarnamesonradioandTVearnedover￡150,000.Theresultsexposedanastonishingpaygap.TheyalsoshowedGraciethatheremployershadmisledher.Graciesetsoutallhereffortstogetherbossestodowhattheyhad8originallypromisedher，buttheyfailtorespondadequately.Instead，theyprevaricate(搪塞)andofferherapayrisethatstillwouldnothavedeliveredequality.Theythoughttheycouldbuyheroff.Theythoughtthatthereputationalhazardshewasrunningwouldscareherawayfromthefight.TheBBCiswrongthistime!GraciehaschosentodesignratherthangiveinbecauseshethinksthatitisherresponsibilitytostoptheBBCdoingsomethingstupid.Sheisfightingforwomen’slegalrights.Graciesaidshehopedshewouldn’tberememberedasthewomanwhocomplainedaboutmoney，butasagreatjournalist.Sheisprovingthattheyaretwosidesofthesameinvaluablecoin.CarrieGracie’s9disputewiththeBBCisn’taboutmoney—it’saboutdignity!4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheBBC?A．Positive. B．2Vague.C．3Critical. D．Cautious.B(2018·陜西渭南質(zhì)檢)Anewstudyof8,000youngpeopleintheJournalofHealthandSocialBehaviorshowsthatalthoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappily，itisabadthingforyoungpeople.Puppylove(早戀)maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadto4depression.Thestudyshowsthatgirlsbecomemoredepressedthanboys，andyoungergirlsaretheworstofall.Thepossiblereasonfortheconnectionbetweenloveandhigherriskofdepressionforgirlsis“l(fā)ossofself”．Accordingtothestudy，eventhoughboyswouldsay“l(fā)osethemselvesinaromanticrelationship”，this“l(fā)ossofself”ismuchmorelikelytoleadtodepressionwhenithappenstogirls.Younggirlswhohaveromanticrelationshipsusuallylikehidingtheirfeelingsandopinions.Theywon’ttellthattotheirparents.DrMarianmKaufman，anexpertonyoungpeopleproblems，says15%to20%youngpeoplewillhavedepressionduringtheirgrowing.Tryingromanceoftencausesthedepression.Sheadviseskidsnottojumpinto5romancetooearly.Duringgrowingup，itisimportantforyoungpeopletobuildstrongfriendshipsandastrongsenseofself.Shealsosuggeststheparentsshouldencouragetheirkidstokeepclosetotheirfriends，attendmoreinterestingschoolactivitiesandspendenoughtimewithfamily.Parentsshouldwatchforsignsofdepression—eatingormoodchanges—andiftheyseesignsfromtheirdaughtersorsons，theyneedtogivehelp.Thegoodnewsisthattheconnectionbetweenromanceanddepressionseemstobecomeweakwithage.Lovewillalwaysmakeusfeelyoung，butonly6maturitygivesusachancetoavoiditsbadsideeffects.8．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardspuppylove?A．Confused. B．Disapproving.C．7Neutral. D．Scared.專題強(qiáng)化練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2018·新疆第一次適應(yīng)性檢測(cè))EmmaWatsonenteredourlivesastheperfectHermioneGrangerin2001，and18yearslater，we’rejustasmuchinlovewiththischarming，intelligentBritishgirl，asever.YoumayormaynotbeaPotterhead，butalotofpeoplearecharmedbyEmmaWatson’sperfection.Despitebeingastarperformerattheyoungageof11，she’snevergonetheHollywoodspoiledchildroute.Infact，shemadeallattemptstostayasnormalaspossible.Shesaid，“Ignoringfamewasmyrebellion，inafunnyway.Iwasinsistentonbeingnormalanddoingnormalthings.Itprobablywasn’tadvisabletogotocollegeinAmericaandroomwithacompletestranger.Anditprobablywasn’twisetoshareabathroomwitheightotherpeopleinadormitory.Lookingback，Ithinkthatwascrazy.”Sheadded，“Iwasverywelleducated.Mydadpaidformetogotoaverygoodschool，soIworkedhardeverysingledayatthatschooltomakehimproudofme.AndIdid，andIstilldo.”IfwehadtoimaginewhatHermioneGrangerwouldhavegrownuptobelike，wewouldsayshe’dbetheEmmaWatsonofthePotteruniversebecausetherereallyisnowaytoseparatethetwo.Inthelastfewyears，Emmahasaddedmorefeatherstohercapthanweimaginedbeinghumanlypossible，whichincludeactor，scholar，modelandUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador.InherroleasaUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador，she’dsupportedpowerfulcausestothebestofherabilityandbroughtthemalltheattentiontheydeserve.EmmaWatsongaveusthemostaccuratedescriptionofourfavoritegirlfromthePotteruniverse.“Younggirlsaretoldyouhavetobeadelicateprincess.Hermionetaughtthemthatyoucanbeawarrior.”eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了艾瑪·沃特森不平凡的人生。)4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetoEmmaWatson?A．Critical. B．Objective.C．Cautious. D．Appreciative.B(2018·吉林長(zhǎng)春質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)二)Nexttimeyougoshopping，keepinmindthattheremaybehiddencamerasanalyzingyourhabits.Accordingtoa2015surveyof150managersfromComputerServicesCorporation，aquarterofBritishshopsusefacialrecognitionsoftwaretocollectdataonshoppers’behavior.Withconcernsthatface-recognitioncameras“arekindofinvasive(冒犯的)”，BritishanalysisfirmHoxtonAnalyticshascomeupwithanewwayofmeasuringfootfall(客流)—byfilmingpeople’sshoes.Thetechnologycancollectalargeamountofpersonalinformation.“Wehavecamerasatabout50cmoffthegroundandtheypointdownsotheyarelessinvasivethanfacialrecognition，”DuncanMann，Hoxton’sofficersaid.Asmoderncitiesgetfuller—70percentofthepopulationwillliveinurbanareasby2050—camerasandothertechnologiesaretakingoverpublicspacesandcollectingourdata.Theirpurposeistokeeppeoplesafe，provideefficientservicesandpreventdisastersandcrimes.Butsomearenothappywiththecamerasasfarastheirprivacy(隱私)isconcerned.“Veryfewofushaveanyrealconceptofwhatdatasmartcitiesaregathering，”saidRenateSamson.Webegingivingawaydataassoonaswewakeup.Whenweenterthetransportsystem，wearegivingawayevenmoredetailsaboutourselvesthroughsmartcards，mobilephonesorcreditcards.NickMillman，directorataconsultingfirmthinksstatisticsarethekeytotheprivacyconcern.HeusedtheexampleofGoogleMaps，whichistomonitortheflowoftrafficinStockholm.Heexplained，“Itisbasicallyaddingprivacycontrolstostatisticssothatyouonlyseethedata