高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法詳解以及練習(xí)題

高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法詳解以及練習(xí)題高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法詳解以及練習(xí)題高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法詳解以及練習(xí)題定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句就是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞指引的從句||，而且作定語(yǔ)修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞（一）定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞指引1、關(guān)系代詞：who||，whom||，whose||，which||，that||，as2、關(guān)系副詞：when||，where||，why關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞一定位于主句先行詞以后||，定語(yǔ)從句之首||，||，起著連結(jié)先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句的作用||，同時(shí)在從句中又充任句子成分||。先行詞：定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞||。Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.她就是住在近鄰家的女孩||。關(guān)系代詞that人/物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Which物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Whom人賓語(yǔ)Who人主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Whose人/物定語(yǔ)As人/物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作的語(yǔ)法成分關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間名詞狀語(yǔ)Where地址名詞狀語(yǔ)Why原由reason狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞when（指時(shí)間||，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)||，where（指地址||，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地址狀語(yǔ)）||，why（指原由||，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原由狀語(yǔ)）||。who||，whom||，whose||，which||，that||，as的使用先行詞指人||，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)||，用who/that||，而且不可以省略Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.她就是住在近鄰家的女孩||。先行詞指人||，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)||，用whom/who/that||，能夠省略Thatisthegirlwhom/who/thatIteach.那個(gè)就是我教的女孩||。先行詞指物||，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)||，用which/that||，而且不可以省略Theworkthat/whichhasjustbeenfinishedisveryimportant.剛才達(dá)成的那份工作特別重要||。先行詞指物||，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)||，用which/that||，能夠省略Thisisthebookwhich/thatIwanttoread.這就是我想讀的一本書(shū)||。先行詞指人或許物||，而且在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)||，用whose/ofwhom/ofwhich.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisapoliceman.Thisisthehousewhosewindowfacestothesouth.這就是面朝南的那個(gè)房屋||。Thisisthehouse||，thewindowofwhichfacestothesouth.Thisisthehouse||，ofwhichthewindowfacestothesouth.as指引定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法as指引限制性定語(yǔ)從句往常用于thesameas||，suchas構(gòu)造中||。Such+名詞+as像||。||。||。相同的||，像||。||。||。之類(lèi)的Such+as像||。||。||。相同的||，像||。||。||。之類(lèi)的Thesame+名詞+as和||。||。相同的e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友相同的襯衫||。HeisnotthesamemanasIknew.他不是我過(guò)去認(rèn)識(shí)的那個(gè)人了第1頁(yè)/共3頁(yè)ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.這不是我想要的書(shū)||。Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.他是一個(gè)人人都喜愛(ài)的聰慧的男孩Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.他是一個(gè)這樣聰慧的孩子以致于人人都喜愛(ài)他||。定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1）用that而不用which||，who||，whom的狀況：①先行詞為不定代詞all||，anything||，nothing||，all||，everything；e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.沒(méi)有什么能阻擋他不干那件事||。②先行詞有最高等修飾themost||，thebest||，有序數(shù)詞修飾thefirst||，thesecond.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這部電影是我看過(guò)的最好的一部||。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他們所觀光的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山||。③先行詞有only||，very||，any||，all||，oneof||，few||，no||，little||，few||，much||，等表示程度詞||，不定代詞修飾.MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的獨(dú)一的外國(guó)人.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.TherewaslittlethatIcoulddoforyou.④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)||。Thehousefellandhurtawomanandherdogthatwerejustpassingby.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?⑤主句已有疑問(wèn)詞who||，which時(shí)只用that.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.2）用which||，who||，whom而不用that的狀況：①指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句逗號(hào)以后不可以用that；e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam||，whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒(méi)有及格||，這使他的父親很生氣||。限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句與主句關(guān)系親密||，去掉從句||，主句意義不完好||，甚至不合邏輯||。對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制的作用e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficethatwasinvitedtojointheparty.（去掉定語(yǔ)從句||，意思就不完好）2、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不親密||，去掉定從句||，意思仍舊完好||。形式上用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)||，不可以that用指引||。對(duì)先行詞起增補(bǔ)說(shuō)明的作用||，與主句常常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)||。e.g.Tom’sfather||，whoisoversixty||，stillworksharddayandnight.（who指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句||，整個(gè)句子可分紅兩句來(lái)翻譯）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中||，先行詞指人的時(shí)候||，關(guān)系代詞只好是who||，whom||，不可以用that；Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom||，mostofwhomareboys.先行詞指物的時(shí)候||，關(guān)系代詞只好用which||，不可以用that||。Ihavealotofbooks||，mostofwhichareEnglishbooks.②代表整個(gè)主句的意思；Hewaslateagain||，whichmadetheteacherveryunhappy.他又遲到了這使得老師很不快樂(lè)③介詞+關(guān)系代詞||。Thisistheroominwhich/wheremyfatherlivedlastyear.這是父親昨年居住過(guò)的房屋||。第2頁(yè)/共3頁(yè)Thisistheroomwhich/thatmyfatherlivedinlastyear.1.Becauseofmypoormemory||，all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as2.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as3.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed4.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who5.Theforeignguests||，____weregovernmentofficials||，werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose6.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as7.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat關(guān)系副詞的用法當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)||，要用關(guān)系副詞||。When=表示時(shí)間的介詞（如in||，at||，on||，during等）+whichWhere=表示地址的介詞（如in||，at||，on||，under等）+whichWhy=表示原由的介詞（如||，for）+whichIstillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoChongqing.我還記得第一次來(lái)重慶的那天||。Thisistheroominwhich/whereIlivedlastyear.這是我昨年居住過(guò)的房屋||。Thisistheroomwhich/thatIlivedinlastyear.Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichheisabsent?你知道他缺席的原由嗎？1.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who2.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich3.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding||，||，mostof_____arefamilymembers.(2019年重慶高考真題)A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom【分析】此題考察定語(yǔ)從句||，每年高考必考點(diǎn)||。意思||，約翰邀請(qǐng)了40人來(lái)參加婚禮||，此中大部分都是家人||。4.We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonth_____wesetatth