英語(yǔ)介紹西班牙無(wú)錯(cuò)版

IntroduceSpainWidelyknownforFlamencomusicanddance,bull-fights,fantasticbeachesandlotsofsunshine,Spainhastooffermuchmorethanthat.Itisafascinatingcountrytoknowandtoknowmoreaboutit.HistoryTheKingdomofSpainwascreatedin1492withtheunificationoftheKingdomofCastileandtheKingdomofAragon.InthisyearitwasalsothefirstvoyageofChristopherColumbustotheNewWorld,beginningthedevelopmentoftheSpanishEmpire.TheInquisitionwasestablishedandJewsandMuslimswhorefusedtoconvertwereexpelledfromthecountry.ForthenextthreecenturiesSpainwasthemostimportantcolonialpowerintheworld.ItwasthemostpowerfulstateinEuropeandtheforemostglobalpowerduringthe16thcenturyandthegreaterpartofthe17thcentury.Spanishliteratureandfinearts,scholarshipandphilosophyflourishedduringthistime.SpainestablishedavastempireintheAmericas,stretchingfromCaliforniatoPatagonia,andcoloniesinthewesternPacific.Spain'sEuropeanwars,however,ledtoeconomicdamage,andthelatterpartofthe17thcenturysawagradualdeclineofpowerunderanincreasinglyneglectfulandineptHabsburgregime.ThedeclineculminatedintheWarofSpanishSuccession,whichendedwiththerelegationofSpainfromthepositionofaleadingwesternpower,tothatofasecondaryone,althoughitremainedtheleadingcolonialpower.Followingaperiodofgrowingpoliticalinstabilityintheearly20thcentury,in1936Spainwasplungedintoabloodycivilwar.Thewarendedinanationalistdictatorship,ledbyFranciscoFrancowhichcontrolledtheSpanishgovernmentuntil1975.SpainwasofficiallyneutralduringWorldWarII,althoughmanySpanishvolunteersfoughtonbothsides.Thepost-wardecadeswererelativelystable，andthecountryexperiencedrapideconomicgrowthinthe1960sandearly1970s.ThedeathofFrancoin1975resultedinthereturnoftheBourbonmonarchyheadedbyPrinceJuanCarlos.Whiletensionsremain(forexample,withMuslimimmigrantsandintheBasqueregion),modernSpainhasseenthedevelopmentofarobust,moderndemocracyasaconstitutionalmonarchywithpopularKingJuanCarlos,oneofthefastest-growingstandardsoflivinginEurope,entryintotheEuropeanCommunity,andthe1992SummerOlympics.MadridThecapitalofSpainsince1562islocatedatthegeographiccenteroftheIberianPeninsula.Becauseofitscentrallocationandhighaltitude,theclimateofMadridischaracterizedbywarmdrysummersandcoolwinters.Madridisacityofgreatmonuments.AmongitshighlightsarethemedievalcentersdatingbacktotheHabsburgEmpireandthePradoMuseum.ButMadridisnotjustaculturaldestination.Itisalsoalivelymetropoliswithmanypubs,cafes,discothequesandnightclubsopenlateintothenight.Don'tbesurprisedifyougetstuckinatrafficjamatfourinthemorning,andthepeopleyoumeetarenotnecessarilygoingofftoworkBarcelonaBarcelona,locatedattheMediterraneanSeaintheverynorthoftheSpanishcoast,iscertainlythemostcosmopolitanandeconomicallymostactivecityinthiscountry.Ithasalwaysproveditswilltobemodern,tofollowthelatestinternationaltendenciesorbeaheadofthem.Tothetouristthisisevidentespeciallyinitsarchitecture,whichsowellreflectsthegeneralapproachtolifeinthisalwayspulsatingcity.Ofcourse,Barcelonahasanoldhistory,andtherearemonumentsofRomanesque,GothicandRenaissanceperiodsorstillbefore,butmostcharacteristiciswhathasbeenbuiltduringthelast,say,100years.BarcelonahasbeenacenterofModernistarchitectureandisdistinguishedespeciallybytheworksofgenialAntoninGaudi,whotogetherwithhisgreatcontemporariesgavenewandexcitinglookstoit,buthasremainedsincethenatthetopofmodernity.LiteratureThetermSpanishliteraturereferstoliteraturewrittenintheSpanishlanguage,includingliteraturecomposedinSpanishbywritersnotnecessarilyfromSpain.Duetohistoric,geographicandgenerationaldiversity,Spanishliteraturehasknownagreatnumberofinfluencesanditisverydiverse.Catalanliterature,BasqueliteratureandGalicianliterature,etc.MigueldeCervantesisprobablySpain'smostfamousauthorandhisDonQuixoteisconsideredthemostemblematicworkinthecanonofSpanishliteratureandafoundingclassicofWesternliterature.TomatoFightSurelytheworlds'biggestfood-fight:everyyeararound30,00peopledescendontheSpanishtownofBunzl(intheValenciaregionofSpain)tothrowmorethan240,000poundsoftomatoesateachother.ThefestivalonthelastWednesdayofAugustiscalled'theTomcatting'andisbasicallyatown-widetomatofight.Itisthoughtthetraditionbeganin1945whenafighteruptedamongtwoyoungmembersofacarnivalcrowd.LasFallsLasfallisundoubtedlyoneofthemostuniqueandcrazyfestivalsinSpain.LasFallsliterallymeans"thefires"inValencian.Thefocusofthefiestaisthecreationanddestructionofpinots(“puppets”or“dolls”),whicharehugecardboard,wood,paper-Macheandplasterstatues.ApopularthemeispokingfunatcorruptpoliticiansandSpanishcelebrities.ThepinotsremaininplaceuntilMarch19th,thedayknownastheburning.Startingintheearlyevening,youngmenwithaxeschopcleverly-hiddenholesinthestatuesandstuffthemwithfireworks.Thecrowdsstarttochant,thestreetlightsareturnedoff,andallofthepinotsaresetonfireatexactly12am(midnight).BullFightingBullfightingisaSpanishnationaltreasure.BullfightingseasonisMarchtoOctober,bullfightingseason,everyThursdayandheldtwogameseachSunday.Suchaswellfestivalandnationalcelebration,thencanseeeveryday.SportsSportinSpainhasbeendominatedbyfootballsincetheearly20thcentury.Thecountry'snationalfootballteamwontheUEFAEuropeanFootballChampionshipin1964and2008andtheFIFAWorldCupin2010.Basketball,tennis,cycling,handball,motorcyclingand,lately,FormulaOnearealsoimportantduetothepresenceofSpanishchampionsinallthesedisciplines.WhataCorrodeisaboutIfyouarenotfamiliartoCorrodesyouwillfindherelistedchronologicallyeverythingthathappens.SoyoumaydecidebyyourselfifyouwanttoseeonewhenyouarevisitingSpain.ACorrodestartswiththepastille,witheverybodyinvolvedinthebullfightenteringtheringandpresentinghimtothepublic.TwoAlguacilillos,onhorse'sback,directthemselvestothepresidencyandsymbolicallyaskforthekeystothe"Puertodelostoiles."Behindthatdoortherearethebulls.Withthedoorbeingopenedandthefirstbullenteringtheringthespectaclestarts.Itconsistsofthreeparts,calledtrios,beingseparatedbyhorn-signals.TherearethreetorerosineachCorrode,bytheway,andeachwillhavetotoreartwobulls.Inthefirsttriothebullfighterusesthecapote,aquitelargeragofpurpleandyellowcolor.Nowentertwopicadors,onhorse'sbackandarmedwithasortoflance.ThesecondpartislasuitedebanderolesThreebanderilleroshavetostickapairofbanderolesintotheattackingbull'sback.Inthefinal"suitesupreme"thebullfighterusesthemullet,asmallredrag.Hehastoshowhisfauna,hismaturitytodominatethebull,andtoestablishanartisticallysymbiosisbetweenmanandbeast.FlamencoisagenuineSpanishart,andtobemoreexactisagenuineSouthernSpanishart.Itexistsinthreeforms:Canted,thesong,Bailee,thedance,andGuitars,guitarplaying.ThefirstrealreferencetoFlamencoinliteratureisinthe"CaratsMaracas"ofCadalso,in1774.Itsbirthplacewasmostprobablywhere,between1765and1860,thefirstFlamenco^schoolswerecreated:Cadiz,JerezdelaFronteraandTiranainSeville.InthisepochFlamencodancestartedtoestablishafirmpositionintheballrooms.EarlyFlamencoseemstohavebeenpurelyvocalaccompaniedonlybytherhythmicclappingofhands,toquedePalmas.Itwaslefttodedicatedcomposers,asJulianArcs,tointroduceguitarplaying.MassmediahasbroughtFlamencototheworldstage,butfromtheverybeginning,Flamencowasalwaysanextremelyintimateartformandremainssotothisday.WhenyoulistentoauthenticFlamencobythemoonlightintheSouthofSpain,youwillbeenchantedbytheintenselyromanticLatinspiritofthisvigorouslysensualspectacle.LetitstiryourspiritasyoucapturethetrueessenceofSpanishcultureandpride.GastronomySincePhilipIImadeMadridthecapitalofSpain,recipesandculinaryinfluencesfromallregionsofthecountryhaveentereditskitchen.Todayitispracticallyimpossibl