英語聽力教程第三版(張民倫主編)Unit-6-Find-the-Right-Words聽力原文

英語聽力教程第三版(張民倫主編)Unit-6-Find-the-Right-Words聽力原文LTListenthisway聽力教程第三冊-6Unit6FindtheRightWordsPartIGettingreadyAudioscript:TheEnglishlanguagecanbetracedbacktoprehistoricIndo-EuropeanthroughtheWestGermanicline.However,manyotherinfluenceshaveshapedthedevelopmentofModernEnglish.WewillreviewsomeimportantdatesinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ThefirstthreeareLatininfluences:1.In5,5B.C.CaesarconqueredBritainandtheCelticpeople.2.In43.B.C.Romecolonizedtheisland.3.TheRomansremainedfor400years(thefirstfourcenturiesoftheChristianEra).Thenextsignificantdateswere:4.Theyear499(whichwastheyearoftheAnglo-Saxonconquestoftheisland).5.From500on,theWestGermaniclanguagewasthebasiclanguageofBritain(orEngland).Influencesfromotherlanguagescontinuedhowever.6.InthesixthandseventhcenturiesEnglandwasChristianizedbymissionariessentbythePope(sothatLatininfluencecontinued).Then,7.Intheeig11thandninthcenturiestheNorsemen(Vikings),invadedEnglandwiththeirOldNorselanguage.8.In1066.theNormanConquestbroughtFrenchlinguisticinfluence.9.TheFrenchinfluencecontinuedfor300years(theninthcenturythroughthe11thcentury).10.Andfinally,inthefifteenandsixteenhundreds,whenclassicallearningwasrevived,therewascontinuedLatinlanguageinfluence.Audioscript:1.Peoplearedelightedifyoucanspeaktheirlanguage,andtheydon'tcarehowwellyouspeakit.Theyarenotupsetwhenyoumakemistakes.Ithinkinordertolearn,youmustn'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.2.I'maveryshypersonandit'snoteasyformetotalktostrangers.Butyouhavetoforceyourselftotalktopeople.That'swhatIdidanditreallyhelpedme.3.Ithinkthebestlanguagelearnersarepeoplewithasenseofhumor.Trytolaughatyourownmistakesanddon'ttakeAnthonyBack：Here'sanexample:Thepatienthashadcancerinthepast,hasbeendoingwellandiscominginforsomeroutinefollow-uptests.Theroutinefollow-uptestsunexpectedlyshowthecancerhasstartedtocomeback.Thedoctorwilltypicallygoinandsaytothepatient,"Guesswhat,yourcancer'sback."Andthepatientwillbejustblownaway,right?Thereareacoupleofpracticestherethatdoctorscandothatcanhelp.Oneistostartwith--especiallyifyoudon'tknowthepatient--askingwhatthepatientexpected,whatdidtheyunderstandabouttheircancer,whatweretheyexpectingwiththistest.Becauseifthepatientsaystoyou"Youknow,theydidn'ttellmeanything.I'mjustherebecauseIgotthisappointmentinthemail,"that'sonewholekindofcomprehensionlevel.Whereasifthepatientsays"IhadaTlNlMOlungcancerandtheytoldmeIhadafifty-fivepercentchanceofdiseaserecurrenceinthenexttwoyears,"that'sawholedifferentstory,right?Thesecondthingisthatafteryougivethisdifficultnews,thenIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoaddressboththecognitivereactionandalsothekindoftheemotionalsideofit.RosanneSkirble：Whataresomeofthephrasesorthewaysinwhichyoucancouchthisnews?AnthonyBack：Youknow,thewaytomakeiteasieristomakesurethatyouaregoingfromthecontextthepatientdrewforyou.Soyougofromwhatthepatientunderstandsandyoutrytousetheirwordsasmuchaspossible.Andthen,whenyougettothereallybadpartofthenews,Ithinkit'sactuallyimportanttobedirectandconcreteandnottocouchthenews.It'sbettertosay"Thecancerhascomeback"thantosay"Therearehypo-densitiesinyourliverontheCT"(or)"Youhaveamalignancy."Allthoseeuphemismsforcepatientstostruggletounderstandwhat'shappeningtothem,anditaddstotheirconfusionanddistress.RosanneSkirble:：Well,shouldtheysaythingslike"Iwishthingsweredifferent"or"Ihopeforthebest,"orshouldadoctorkindofmaintainadistance?AnthonyBack：Youknow,mythoughtaboutthatactuallyisthatthemoreskilledthephysician,thelesstheyhavetodistancethemselves.Therearesomephrasesthatweuse,andthemostimportantonesarereallytheonesthatareaboutempathyforthepatient.Youknow,"Iseethisisadifficultsituation,Iseethisisnotwhatyouexpected,I'mhopingforthebest."AndIthinkit'sfinefordoctorstotalkabouthope,andIthinkit'simportantactually.AviArditti：Letmeaskyou,haveyouseenanyculturaldifferencescomeupinthetrainingprogramsasyou'vehaddoctorsgothrough?AnthonyBack：Youknow,wehaveactuallyaverymulticulturalgroupofphysicianswhocome,andtheyallbringinalltheirowndifferentvaluesabouthowfrankshouldpeoplebe.BecausetheAmericanstandard,ofcourse,isthatpatientsthemselvesgetalltheinformation,theymakethedecisionthemselves,andthere'sthisverystrongemphasisonautonomy.Andinalotofotherculturesthat'sreallynotthecase.RosanneSkirble：Andwhatgotyoustartedinthefirstplace?AnthonyBack：Whatgotmestartedwas,whenIwasanoncologytrainee,andthiswasafterapersonalexperience--mymotherhaddiedofapre-leukemiakindofthing--Irememberwalkingaroundinthebone-marrowtransplantwardswiththisexperienced--itwasthisother,olderseniorphysician--goingaroundhavingtheselife-and-deathconversationswithpatientsandthinking,God,therehasgottobeabetterwaytodothis.AviArditti：Theresult,saysDoctorAnthonyBackinSeattle,isaprogramthathasnowtrainedaboutonehundred-eightyoncologistsatretreatsheldtwiceayear.TheprogramWebsiteis--that'so-n-c-o-t-a-l-kdoti-n-f-o.PartIIIForeignaccentsAudioscript:SectionIAsfarasI'mconcerned,IdotendtojudgepeopleImeetbytheiraccents.Idon'tmeanthatI'masortofsnob,andonlylikepeoplewithposhaccents,butIneverfeelcomfortablewithanewpersonuntilI'vebeenabletoplacethemfromthewaytheyspeak.Ifit'sanEnglishperson,IfeelmuchmoreateaseifIcansay"Ah,hecomesformLiverpool",or"He'sprobablybeentopublicschool".IsupposethenIknowwhattotalkaboutandwhattoexpectfromtheotherperson.Thesameistrueofforeigners.Personally,Ipreferaforeignertospeakwitharecognizableforeignaccent,sothatIknowthatI'mtalkingtoaFrenchman,aGhanaian,aPole,andsoon.Soforme,itseemsabitpointlessforforeignerstotrydesperatelyhardtogetridoftheirnationalaccentandtrytospeakBBCEnglish.IfsomeoneisclearlyFrench,Iknowthere'snopointintalkingaboutcricketormakingjokesabouttheIrish.Andfrankly,Ithinkitevensoundsmoreattractive.Ican'treallyexplainwhy,butifapersonhasaforeignaccent,theyseemtobemoreinteresting,eveniftheyaresayingthemostordinarythings.Audioscript:SectionIIMindyou,thereisalimittointelligibility.Iftheaccentissostrongthatyouhaveastruggletounderstandwhattheyaresaying,thenthatgetsinthewayoftheconversation,andtheflowisbrokenwhileyoutrytosortoutthesoundsintomeaningfulbits.Idon'tmeananaccentasstrongasthat.I'mtalkingaboutthekindofaccentwhereyoucantellimmediatelywhichcountrythepersoncomesfrom,butwherethey'vegotenoughEnglishtocarryonagoodconversationwithoutsearchingforwords,ormessingupthegrammarsothatyoulosethethread.Isupposeit'sthekindofaccentmostforeignershave,really.Tobehonest,it'sonlyaveryfewwhohavesuchagoodearthattheyproducemoreorlessgenuineBritishEnglish,andeventhenitcanbequiteamusingbecausetheymayhavepickedupaclearlyregionalaccent,orevenaveryupper-classaccentwhichdoesn'tfitinwiththeircharacteratall.ButmostforeignerswholearnEnglisharedesperatelykeentogetridoftheirforeignaccentsandwastealotoftimetryingtodoso.PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:LoveandGrammarAudioscript:Areyoulookingforlove?Whenyouwanttoimpressapotentialgirlfriendorboyfriend,youtakegreatcarewithyourappearanceandtrytobeonyourbestbehaviour.But...whataboutyourgrammar?Doyoucheckifyouareusingverbsandcommasproperly?Ifnot,you'dbetterthinkagain.TheresearcharmofdatingsiteOKCupidhassuggestedthatbadgrammarcanruinyourlovelife.Itlookedat500000firstcontactsonthesiteandconcludedthat"netspeak,badgrammarandbadspellingarehugeturn-offs".Ontheotherhand,thecorrectuseofapostrophesseemstobequiteanaphrodisiac.Using"don't"and"won't"causedbetterthanaverageresponseratessaystheresearch.AmericanwriterTwistPhelan,whowenton100onlinedatesin100daysandlatermarriedsomeoneshemetonline,believesthatgrammarisanimportant"filtersystem"forprospectivepartners.Shesays:"Ifyou'retryingtodateawoman,Idon'texpectfloweryJaneAustenprose.Butaren'tyoutryingtoputyourbestfootforward?"PerhapsyouthinkyouarereadytostartlookingforanEnglish-speakinggirlfriendorboyfriend.AmIright?Yougoonline,lookatthepictureandstartcallinghimorher"beautiful","gorgeous"and"sexy"beforeyoumeet.Willitwork?Theresearchsaysitwon't!Thewrongadjectivecanputafullstoponapotentialrelationship.Peopleenjoyreceivingcomplimentsbutnotwhentheysoundlikeapick-upline.Generalcomplimentssuchas"cool","it'snicethat..."and"awesome"gotgoodresponsesfromthedatingsiteusers.Sonowyouareready.Keepyourwitsaboutyoubecausemanythingsonlinearenotwhattheyseem;andwatchyourvocabularyandpunctuation.Somesaythatacommamightevensavelives--asintheexample:"Let'seat,mydarling!"asopposedto"Let'seatmydarling!"Canyouseewhichonewouldgrantyouamealwithyourdateandwhichonewouldlandyouinjail?PartVDoyouknow...?Audioscript:Alex：Hello,Carole?Isthatyou?Carole：Alex!Whatonearthareyoudoing...astupidquestion,you'redoingthesameasIam.Alex：Whatareyoulaughingat?Carole：Well,actuallyI'mjustreadingthisarticleinPunch.It'stheFranglaiscolumn.It'sveryfunny.Alex：Oh,yes,yes,er...Carole：Iknowthisisonlyaspoof,butIthinktheseadaptionsofEnglishintoFrenchorFrenchintoEnglishcanbeveryfunny.Howdoesitoccuractually?Alex：Oh,Isupposeitcameafterthewar,youknowwhentheAmericanswereinFranceandalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionscameintoFrench.Er...Carole：Oh,Isee,yes,so...Alex：Butafterthattherewasastrongreactionagainstit,Ithink.Carole：Youmeanpeopledon't...aren'tverykeenonit.Asortoflinguisticimperialism.Alex：Exactly,yes,er,taketheex...examplelike"lift"yousee.We'vegotno,nowordinFrenchfor"lift".Carole：Youmean"lift",thethingthatgoesupanddown...Alex：No,no.No,no,Imean,erm,wouldyoulikealifthomeorsomethinglikethat.Carole：Mm.Alex：Wouldyoulikealift.WhatwouldyousayinFrench?Youwouldsaysomethinglike,er,canItakeyouhomewithmycar?Carole：Oh,Isee,so...Alex：It'ssomucheasiertosayer,wouldyoulikealift,yousee.Carole：...Isee,soinfactit'softenforwordsthatthere'snoequivalentforin...Alex：Yes,that...that'sit,yes.Carole：...inFrench.Alex：Yes.Carole：Orsomething...Isupposethesamewouldapplytosomethinglikeerm,"leweekend".Alex：Yes,yes.Thatgoesabit...thatgoesbackabit.Yes,Isupposeitwassomethinger,before,evenbeforethefirstWorldWar.Carole：Oh,thatone'sreallyold.Arethereanymorerecentexamples?Alex：Er,ohyes."Speakerine"isagoodexample.Carole：Speakerine?Alex：Speakerine,yes.Carole：Thatdoesn'tevensoundFrench.ThatsoundsmoreGerman.Alex：Yes,it'sabitofamonsteractually.Youknow,itmeansanannouncerora,anewsreader.Carole：Oh,Isee,onthe,onthebox!Alex：Yes.Carole：Andthereareotherthings,aren'tthere,thataredistortionslikethat.Erm...oh,what'stheoneIcan,erm..."lesmoking"...Alex：Ah,lesmoking,yes.Carole：...whichmeans,er,dinnerjacketinEnglish...Alex：AndwesaysmokinginFrench.It'sverystrange,infact.Butyou'vegotanotherone,"thetraining",thetraining.Andyou...Carole：What'sthat?Alex：Oh,it'slike,it'slikeapyjamainFrench.Andyouwillsay,Idon'tknow,er...Carole：Thepyjama?Alex：...childrenit'sgettinglate,erm,put,putyourtrainingonandgotobed.Carole：Howpeculiar,becauseImean,trainingmeanssomethingquitedifferent.Arethereanyotherreasonswhyweborrow,whytheFrenchborrowwords,borrowEnglishwords?Alex：Er,snobvalue,Isuppose.Carole：Oh,really.Alex：Oh,yes.Er...Carole：YoumeanEnglishwordsaresnobbishinFrench?Alex：Yes.Theywould,theywouldtakeawordlike"building"andthinkit'smuchbettertoliveinabuildingthantobe--toliveinahouse.Carole：Howstrange,becausebuildingissuch...Alex：Sowesaybuilding;wearelivinginthebuilding.Carole：It'ssuchamundanewordinEnglish.Imean,itsoundsjustsoordinary.Alex：Yes,itis.Carole：Butsurely,Imeansomethinglike"leparking"whichisverycommon,that,thatcan'thavesnobvalue,canit?Alex：No,no,ofcourse,ImeanjusttheFrenchiscumbersome.Carole：Mm.Receptionist:Mrs.Harding,couldyougothroughnowplease?Carole：Ohdear!I'vegottogo.Alex：Bye,bye,Carole.Carole：Ihopeit'snottoopainful,Alex.Thanks,bye.PartVIIWatchandenjoyVideoscript:--Jove!Goodheavens!--Oh,sir.Isthereanysignofitstopping?--I'mafraidnot.It'sworsethanbefore.--Oh,dear.--Ifit'sworse,it'sasignit'snearlyover.Cheerup,captain.Buyafloweroffapoorgirl?--I'msorry.Ihaven'tanychange.--Oh,Icanchangehalfacrown.Here,takethisfortuppence.--Itoldyou,I'mawfullysorry.Ihaven't...Oh,waitaminute.Oh,yes.Here'sthreepence,ifthat'sanyusetoyou.--Thankyou,Sir.--Hey,you,becareful.Bettergivehimaflowerforit.There'sablokeherebehindthatpillar,takingdowneveryblessedwordyou'resaying.--Iain'tdonenothingwrongbyspeakingtothegentleman.I'vearighttosellflowersifIkeepoffthecurb.I'marespectablegirl,sohelpme.Ineverspoketohimexcepttoaskhimtobuyafloweroffme!--Oh,don'tstart!--What'salltheb100mingnoise?--There'sa"tec"takingherdown.--Well,I'mmakinganhonestliving!--Who'sdoingallthatshouting?--Where'sitcomingfrom?--Oh,sir.Don'tlethimchargeme!Youdon'tknowwhatitmeanstome!They'll...They'lltakeawaymecharacteranddrivemeonthestreetsfor...forspeakingtogentlemen!--There,there,there,there.Who'shurtingyou,yousillygirl?Whatdoyoutakemefor?--OnmyBibleoath,Ineverspokeaword.--Oh,shutup,shutup.DoIlooklikeapoliceman?--Thenwhatdoyoutakedownmewordsfor?HowdoIknowyoutookmedownright?Youjustshowmewhatyouwroteaboutme.Oh.What'sthat?Thatain'tproperwriting.Ican'treadit.--Ican.Isay,captain,nowbuyyouafloweroffapoorgirl.--Oh,it'scauseIcalledhim"captain".Imeantnoharm.Oh,sir.Don'tlethimlayachargeagainstmeforawordlikethat!--Charge?I'llmakenocharge.Really,sir.Ifyouareadetective,youneedn'tbeginprotectingmeagainstmolestationfromyoungwomenuntilIaskyou.Anyonecantellthegirlmeantnoharm.Heain'tno"tec".He'sagentleman.lookathisboots.HowareallyourpeopledownatSelsey?WhotoldyoumypeoplecomefromSelsey?Nevermind.Theydo.Howdoyoucometobeupsofareast?YouwereborninLissonGrove.Oh.WhatharmisthereinmyleavingLissonGrove?Itweren'tfitforapigtoliveinandIhadtopayfourandsixaweek.Oh,livewhereyoulike,butstopthatnoise.Come,come.Hecan'ttouchyou.Youhavearighttolivewhereyouplease.I'magoodgirl,Iam!Yes,dear.Yes.WheredoIcomefrom?Hoxton.Well,whosaidIdidn't?Blimey,youknoweverything,youdo.You,sir.Doyouthinkyoucouldfindmeataxi?Idon'tknowwhetheryou'venoticedit,madam,butit'sstoppedraining.Youcangetamotorbusto,uh,HamptonCourt.Well,that'swhereyoulive,isn'tit?Whatimpertinence!Hey,uh,tellhimwherehecomeshere,youwanttogofortunetelling.Cheltenham,Harrow,Cambridgeand,uh,India?Quiteright!Blimey,heain'ta"tec".He'sab100mingbusybody.That'swhatheis.IfImayask,sir,doyoudothissortofthingforalivingatamusichall?Well,Ihavethoughtofit.PerhapsIwilloneday.He'snogentleman.Heain't,to