山東省濱州市2019年中考英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)語法十動詞不定式語法考點剖析

動詞不定式語法考點解析考點一動詞不定式動詞不定式的基本形式是“to＋動詞原形”，否認(rèn)形式是在動詞不定式前加not。動詞不定式擁有動詞的特色，能夠有自己的賓語和狀語，但沒有人稱與數(shù)的變化，在句中也不可以作謂語，動詞不定式及其賓語和狀語組成動詞不定式短語。1．作主語動詞不定式作主語時，能夠用動名詞替代且常用it作形式主語，把動詞不定式后置，常組成“It＋be＋adj.(＋forsb.)＋動詞不定式”。It'simportant(forus)toprotecttheenvironment.(對我們來說)保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。2．作表語MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英語。3．作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)接todo作賓語的動詞或短語有want,begin/start,love,forget,remember,teach,decide,agree,seem,wouldlike,plan等。(2)接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有ask,tell,invite,allow,want,wish,encourage等。(3)在使役動詞make,let,have和感官系動詞feel,look,smell等的后邊作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，不定式符號to要省略。help后的不定式可帶to也可不帶to。4．作定語Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做?！飫釉~不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，假如動詞不定式是不及物動詞，后來要有有關(guān)的介詞。Thecatiseasytotakecareof.這只貓很簡單照料。5．作狀語Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.王太太去上海看她女兒。(目的)We'regladtomeetyouhere.我們很快樂在這兒見到你。(原由)Heistootiredtoworkon.他太累了不可以持續(xù)工作了。(結(jié)果)6．“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”構(gòu)造疑問詞who,what,when,where,how,which等后接動詞不定式，在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語等。Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo(＝whereheshouldgo)．他不知道去哪里。7．含動詞不定式的特別句型與短語too...to...太而不可以Whydon'tyoudosth.？為何不做某事？hadbetterdosth.最好做某事1prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.情愿做某事，而不肯做某事makesb.dosth.讓某人做某事bemadetodosth.被迫做某事1．(2018·湖北咸寧中考改編)Remembersomefruitwhenyoucomeback.A．buyingB．tobuyC．buyD．bought2．(2018·湖南長沙中考改編)—Theweatherreportsaysit'sgoingtohaveashowerthisafternoon.—Itdoes?We'dbetternow,justincase.A．toleaveB．leavingC．leaveD．left3．(2018·甘肅張掖中考)Mytwocousinsdecideabusinesstogether.A．tostartB．startingC．startD．started4．(2018·黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考改編)WesetupthisgroupdisabledpeoplelikeBenSmith.A．helpB．tohelpC．helpingD．helps5．(2018·黑龍江綏化中考改編)PeoplearesupposedhandswhentheymeetforthefirsttimeinAmerica.A．shakingB．toshakeC．shakeD．shook6．(2018·貴州中考)Parentsshouldalwaystelltheirkidswithstrangers.A．nottotalkB．nottalkingC．tonottalkD．nottalk7．(2018·四川成都中考改編)Igotupearlythismorningmygrandmaattheairport.A．topickupB．pickingupC．pickedupD．pickup8．(2018·四川達(dá)州中考)—I'dlovetogohikingwithyou,butIhavemuchhomework．—Ifyoudon'tgo,．A．todo;sodoIB．todo;norwillIC．doing;sowillID．do;neitheramI9．(2018·四川樂山中考改編)—Julia,yourmobilephoneisringing.—Waitaminute.It'sdangerousitwhilecrossingthestreet.2A．a(chǎn)nsweringB．a(chǎn)nswerC．toanswerD．toanswering10．(2018·廣東中考)Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkitimportantapeacefulworld.A．buildB．notbuildC．tobuildD．nottobuild11．(2018·貴州安順中考)—YoushoulddowhatyoucanyourEnglish,LiMing.—OK,Iwill.Thankyou,Ms.Hu.A．improveB．toimproveC．improvingD．improved考點二動名詞動名詞由“動詞原形＋-ing”組成，與此刻分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)(可有賓語和狀語)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。1．動名詞常用構(gòu)造只好跟動名詞的動詞(短語)有avoid,consider,enjoy,feellike,finish,mind,practice,suggest,bebusydoing,begoodatdoing,beinterestedindoing,can'thelpdoing,giveupdoing,makealiving(by)doing,putoffdoing等。(2)have＋n.＋(in)doinghavefun(in)doing,havetrouble(in)doing,haveahardtime(in)doing,haveproblems/difficulty(in)doing等。(3)todoing構(gòu)造，to是介詞be/getusedtodoing,lookforwardtodoing,payattentiontodoing,preferdoingtodoing等。2．有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞，但表達(dá)的意義不一樣。todosth.停下往來做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事todosth.忘掉做某事forgetdoingsth.忘掉做過某事todosth.記得去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事todosth.全力去做某事trydoingsth.試試做某事todosth.遺憾地去做某事regretdoingsth.懊悔做了某事1．(2019·展望)Haveyouforgotten$1，000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember3ittomorrow?A．borrowing;tobringB．toborrow;tobringC．borrowed;bringingD．borrowing;bringing2．(2017·黑龍江龍東中考改編)—Wouldyoumindhere?—Ofcoursenot.I'llmycigaretteatonce.A．notsmoking;putawayB．notsmoking;putoutC．nottosmoke;putoffD．nottosmoke;putout3．(2019·展望)Everyonethinkstheproblemishard,buthehasnodifficultytheproblem.A．workingoutB．havingworkedoutC．tohaveworkedoutD．toworkout4．(2017·湖北黃岡中考)—NowadayslotsofproductsfromChinaareverypopularintheworld.—Yeah!ManypeoplecanhardlyavoidproductsmadeinChina.A．tobuyB．buyingC．boughtD．buy5．(2019·展望)Mybrotherkeepsmewithmywork.A．tohelpB．helpC．helpingD．helped6．(2019·展望)I'veenjoyedtotalkwithyou.A．tobeableB．beingableC．tobeenableD．ofbeingable7．(2019·展望)Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithoutthedoor.A．knockB．knockingatC．toknockatD．knockingto8．(2017·重慶中考)Daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfinisheshishomeworkontime.A．doB．didC．doesD．doing9．(2017·重慶渝北中考)Therearesomepeoplesoccerinthepark.A．playB．plays4C．playingD．toplay10．(2017·江蘇常州中考)—Whydoesn'ttheSurgeonstoplunch?—Becauseheistoobusyadyingpatientintheoperationroom.A．tohave;tosaveB．having;tosaveC．tohave;savingD．having;saving11．(2017·江蘇淮安中考)Theresearchhedevoteshimselftothefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant.A．helpingB．tohelpC．helpD．helped考點三分詞1．此刻分詞由“動詞原形＋-ing”組成，表示主動、進(jìn)行意義，還擁有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等。Thecryinggirlcan'tfindhermother.那個正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。(定語)Thestoryisinteresting.這個故事很風(fēng)趣。(表語)Isawhimstudyingintheclassroom.我看到他正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。(賓語補(bǔ)足語)Studyinghard,youwillpasstheexam.只需你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會經(jīng)過考試。(狀語)2．過去分詞表示被動、達(dá)成意義，在句中作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等。Sheisverytired.她很疲憊。(表語)Theboyworeapairoffadedjeans.那個男孩穿了一條退色的牛仔褲。(定語)Shefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個鄉(xiāng)村變化很大。(賓語補(bǔ)足語)3．此刻分詞與過去分詞作定語的差別。此刻分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動作的主動或許進(jìn)行。asleepingchild一個正在睡覺的孩子adevelopingcountry一個發(fā)展中國家boilingwater正在沸騰的水a(chǎn)surprisinglook一個令人驚訝的表情過去分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系，表示該動作的被動或許達(dá)成。thenovelwrittenbyLuXun魯迅寫的那篇小說asingersurroundedbyagroupoffans被粉絲包圍的歌手fallenleaves落葉asnow-coveredcity被雪覆蓋的城市51．(2017·黑龍江龍東中考改編)—IsawJimintothatnewbuildingjustnow.—Oh,it'sournewlibrary.Ittothepublicforaweek.A．walk;hasopenedB．walking;hasbeenopenC．walking;hasopenedD．walks;hasbeenopen2．IheardhimanEnglishsongwhenIpassedhisroomlastnight.A．singB．singingC．sungD．tosing3．(2019·展望)Thenovelisgreat.It'swellworth．A．readB．readsC．r