國際貨運代理英語(貨代英語)forwarder-English-1-to-21

國際貨運代理專業(yè)英語

UnitOne新內(nèi)容

InternationalTrade(一）基本要求了解:DefinitionandImportance,BarrierstoInternationalTrade熟悉:DifferencesbetweenInternationalTradeandDomesticTrade,WTO掌握:RisksinInternationalTrade,StepsofInternationalTrade（二）考試內(nèi)容：1.DefinitionandImportance

2.DifferencesbetweenInternationalTradeandDomesticTrade3.RisksinInternationalTrade4.WorldTradeOrganization5.BarrierstoInternationalTrade

6.StepsofInternationalTrade

2.DifferencesbetweenInternationalTradeandDomesticTrade

Internationaltradeistypicallymorecostly（成本高）

thandomestictrade.(reason:additionalcostssuchastariffs,timecostsduetoboarddelaysandcostsassociatedwithcountrydifferencessuchaslanguage,thelegalsystem,culture.)Thefactorsofproduction（

生產(chǎn)要素）aretypicallymoremobile

（流動）withinacountrythanacrosscountries.(Internationaltradeismostlyrestrictedtotradeingoodsandservice).Internationaltradeisalsoabranchofeconomics,whichtogetherwithinternationalfinance,formsthelargebranchofinternationaleconomics.3.RisksinInternationalTradeEconomicrisks

(1)insolvency（破產(chǎn)）ofthebuyer;(2)thefailureofthebuyertopaytheamount;(3)non-acceptance;(4)exchangerate,etc.Politicalrisks(1)cancellationornon-renewalofexportorimportlicenses;(2)warrisks;(3)expropriationorconfiscationoftheimporter’scompany;(4)riskoftheimpositionofanimportban

（禁止進口）aftertheshipmentofthegoods;(5)transferrisk—impositionofexchangecontrols

（外匯管制）bytheimporter’scountryorforeigncurrencyshortages;(6)influenceofpoliticalpartiesinimporter’scompany.4.WorldTradeOrganizationWTOdefinition（世貿(mào)組織）

Itisbestdescribedasanumbrellaorganization

（傘式組織）underwhichtheagreementsthatcameoutoftheUruguayRoundofmultilateraltradenegotiations（烏拉圭多邊貿(mào)易談判）

aregathered.WTOfunctions

toimplement,administer,andcarryoutWTOAgreementanditannexes;toactasaforumforongoingmultilateraltradenegotiations;toserveasatribunalforresolvingdisputes;toreview

（評價、回顧）thetradepoliciesandpracticesofmemberstates.6.Steps（步驟）ofInternationalTrade

StartingwithmarketresearchSeekingcustomersContacteachotherbysendinginquiriesStatusinquiry（詢價狀況）Quotationsoroffers;acceptanceornonacceptanceOrder;contractObtainingimport/exportlicense;openingL/C，receivingL/CPreparationofgoodsbythesellerInspectionorsurveyofgoodsReservingshippingspace（訂艙）EffectinginsuranceCustomsclearanceShippingadviceNegotiationofexportdocumentsunderL/CbythebeneficiaryRedemptionofdocuments

（贖單）underL/CCustomsclearanceforimportDeliveryofgoodsLodgingandsettlingclaims

（索理賠）(ifany)UnitTwo

ScopeofFreightForwardingService

（一）基本要求了解：Thefreightforwarder’soriginalduty熟悉：Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignor掌握：Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignee（二）考試內(nèi)容1.Thefreightforwarder’soriginalduty2.

Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignor3.Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignee2.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignor(exporter)

Choosetheroute,modeoftransportandasuitablecarrier.Book

spacewiththeselectedcarrier.TakedeliveryofthegoodsandissuerelevantdocumentssuchastheForwarders’CertificateofReceipt,

（FCR收貨憑證）

theForwarders’CertificateofTransport,

（FCT運輸憑證）

etc.StudytheprovisionsoftheletterofcreditandallGovernmentregulationsapplicabletotheshipmentofgoodsinthecountryofexport,thecountryofimport,aswellasanytransitcountry;hewouldalsoprepareallthenecessarydocuments.2.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignor（exporter）

Packthegoods,takingintoaccounttheroute,themodeoftransport,thenatureofthegoodsandapplicableregulations,ifany,inthecountryofexport,transitcountiesandcountryofdestination.Arrange

warehousingofthegoods,ifnecessary.Weightandmeasurethegoods.Drawtheconsignor’sattentiontotheneedforinsuranceandarrangefortheinsuranceofgoods,ifrequiredbytheconsignor.Transportthegoodstotheport,arrangeforcustomsclearance,relateddocumentationformalitiesanddeliverthegoodstothecarrier.2.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignor（exporter）

Attendtoforeignexchangetransactions,ifany.Payfeesandotherchargesincludingfreight.Obtainthesignedbillsofladingfromthecarrierandarrangedeliverytotheconsignor.Arrangefortransshipmentenrouteifnecessary.Monitorthemovementofgoodsallthewaytotheconsigneethroughcontractswiththecarrierandtheforwarders’agentsabroad.Note

damagestoorlossesofthegoods,ifany.Assisttheconsignorinpursuingclaims（索賠）,ifany,againstthecarrierforlossofthegoodsorfordamagetothem.3.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignee（importer）Monitorthemovementofgoodsonbehalfoftheconsigneewhentheconsigneecontrolthefreight(goods).Receiveandcheckallrelevantdocumentsrelatingtothemovementofthegoods.Takedeliveryofthegoodsfromthecarrierand,ifnecessary,paythefreightcosts.Arrangecustomsclearanceand

payduties,feesandotherchargestothecustomsandotherpublicauthorities.

3.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignee（importer）Arrange

transitwarehousing,ifnecessary.Delivertheclearedgoodstotheconsignee.Assist

theconsigneeinpursuingclaims,ifany,againstthecarrierforlossofthegoodsorfordamagetothem.Assisttheconsignee,ifnecessary,inwarehousinganddistribution.UnitThreeIncoterms2010（一）基本要求了解：PurposeofIncotermsandItsAmendments熟悉：FCA,CPTandCIP掌握：FOB,CFRandCIF（二）考試內(nèi)容1.PurposeofIncotermsandItsAmendments

2.FOB,CFR,CIF,FCA,CPT,CIP

1.FOB(FreeonBoard)含義、風險點、清關、費用、訂立運輸、適用運輸方式FOB

meansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.

Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanbeusedonlyfor

seaorinlandwaterwaytransport.2.CFR(CostandFreight)含義、風險點、清關、費用、訂立運輸、適用運輸方式CFRmeansthattheseller

deliverswhenthegoodspasstheship’srailintheportofshipment.

The

seller

mustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.

Buttheriskoflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.TheCFRtermrequiredthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanbeusedonlyfor

seaorinlandwaterwaytransport.3.CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)

含義、風險點、清關、費用、訂立運輸、適用運輸方式、保險CIFmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheship’srailintheportofshipment.Thesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.Therisk

oflossofordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimeofdelivery,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyer.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.TheCIFtermrequiredthesellertoclearthegoodsforexportThistermcanbeusedonlyfor

seaorinlandwaterwaytransport.4.FCA(FreeCarrier貨交承運人)含義、風險點、清關、費用、訂艙、適用運輸方式、交貨點FCAmeansthatthe

seller

deliversthegoods,clearedforexport,tothecarriernominatedbythebuyer

atthenamedplace.Itshouldbenotedthatthechosenplaceofdeliveryoccursattheseller’spremises,thesellerisresponsibleforloading.Ifdeliveryoccursatanyotherplace,thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransport,includingmultimodaltransport.Ifthebuyernominatesapersonotherthanacarriertoreceivethegoods,thesellerisdeemedtohavefulfilledhisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheyaredeliveredtothatperson.

5.CPT(carriagepaidto運費付至)含義、風險點、清關、費用、訂艙、適用運輸方式CPTmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarriernominatedby

himbutthesellermustinadditionpaythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenameddestination.Thismeansthatthe

buyerbearsallrisksandanyothercostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.Thistermrequiredthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransport,includingmultimodaltransport.6.CIP(carriageandinsurancepaidto)含義、風險點、清關、費用、訂艙、適用運輸方式、保險CIPmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarriernominatedbyhimbutthesellermustinadditionpaythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenameddestination.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyothercostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransport,includingmultimodaltransport.UnitFourUCP600

（新內(nèi)容）（一）基本要求了解：TheStructureoftheUCP600熟悉：ReasonsforaRevision掌握：MajorChangesofUCP600（二）考試內(nèi)容：1.ReasonsforaRevision2.TheStructureoftheUCP6003.MajorChangesofUCP6001.ReasonsforaRevisionToaddress（著重于）developmentsinthebanking,transportandinsuranceindustries.ToimprovethedraftingoftheUCPinordertofacilitateconsistentapplicationandinterpretationoftheRules.Toenhancethereputation（名譽）ofL/Cassettlementmeansofchoiceamonginternationaltraders.Toreducedocumentaryrejections.Overalleffectisoneofclarificationandconsolidation（澄清與合并）.3.MajorChangesofUCP600UCPdoesnotapplyunlessitisexpresslymentionedinthetextoftheL/C.Thebanksnowhaveamaximumoffivebankingdaysfollowingthedayofpresentation,andnolongerthereasonabletimenotexceeding7bankingdays.Datainadocument,whenreadincontextwiththecredit,thedocumentitselfandinternationalstandardbankingpractice,neednotbeidenticalto

,butmustnotconflictwithdatainthedocument,anyotherstipulateddocumentortheL/C.（單據(jù)中內(nèi)容的描述不必與信用證、信用證對該項單據(jù)的描述以及國際標準銀行實務完全一致，但不得與該項單據(jù)中的內(nèi)容、其它規(guī)定的單據(jù)或信用證相沖突）。UnderthenewUCP,thecommercialinvoicemustbemadeoutinthesamecurrencyastheL/C.Bs/Lmaynowallowtransshipment,providedthattheentirecarriageiscoveredbyoneandthesameB/L.UnitFive

TermsofShipmentintheContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods

（一）基本要求了解：TermsofShipment熟悉：WaysofStipulatingTimeofShipment掌握：Interpretationoftermsandpointsofthetimeofshipmentinthecontract:（二）考試內(nèi)容1.Timeofshipment2.Interpretationofterms3.Pointstonotewhenthetradersdiscussthetimeofshipmentinthecontract1.WaysofStipulatingTimeofShipmentShipmentonoraboutJune20,2008ShipmentnotlaterthanJuly31st,2008ShipmenttobemadeduringJune/July,2008Shipmentwithin15daysafterreceiptofremittance(匯款)Shipmentwithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C2.InterpretationoftermsIftheexpression“onorabout”orsimilarexpressionsareused,bankswillinterpretthemasastipulationthatshipmentistobemadeduringtheperiodfromfivedaysbeforetofivedaysafterthespecifieddate,bothenddaysincluded.Thewords“to,until,till,from,between”andwordsofsimilarexpressionsapplyingtoanydateorperiodinthecreditreferringtoshipmentwillbeunderstoodtoincludethedatementioned.2.InterpretationoftermsTheword“beforeandafter”willbeunderstoodtoexcludethedatementioned.Theterms“firsthalf,secondhalf”ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe15th,andthe16thtothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.Theterms“beginning,middle,orend”ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe10th,the11thtothe20th,andthe21sttothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.3.Pointstonote(1)Theexportershouldconsiderwhetherhecangetthegoods

readybeforetheshipmentdateandwhethertheshipisavailableifthegoodsareready.(2)Thetimeofshipmentshouldbestipulatedinaclearandflexibleway.Expressionssuchas“prompt”,“immediately”,“assoonaspossible”andthelikeshouldnotbeused.(3)Sometimes,theL/Csimplystipulatesanexpirydatewithoutashipmentdatewhichmeansthese

twodatesarethesame.3.Pointstonote(4)Iftheexpirydateofthecredit（信用證有效期）

and/orthelastdayoftheperiodoftimeforpresentationofdocuments（交單期）stipulatedbythecreditfallsonadayonwhichthebanktowhichpresentationhastobemadeisclosed,thestipulatedexpirydateand/orthelastdayoftheperiodoftimeafterthedateofshipmentforpresentationofdocuments,asthecasemaybe,shallbeextendedtothefirstfollowingdayonwhichsuchbankisopen.3.Pointtonote(5)Thelatestdateforshipment

（最遲裝運期）shallnotbeextendedbyreasonoftheextensionoftheexpirydateand/ortheperiodoftimeafterthedateofshipmentforpresentationofdocuments.

Ifnosuchlatestdateforshipmentisstipulatedinthecreditoramendments,bankswillnotaccepttransportdocumentsindicatingadateofshipmentlaterthantheexpirydatestipulatedinthecreditoramendments.

UnitSixDocumentaryCredit（新內(nèi)容）（一）基本要求了解：BasicContentsofanL/CandBasicProcedureofaDocumentaryLetterofCredit熟悉：Definition,CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C掌握：PartiestoanL/C,TypesofLettersofCredit（二）考試內(nèi)容：1.Definition2.PartiestoanL/C3.BasicContentsofanL/C4.BasicProcedureofaDocumentaryLetterofCredit5.CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C6.TypesofLettersofCredit

1.Definition

Aletterofcreditisthewrittenpromiseofabank（銀行書面保證文件）

toactattherequestandontheinstructionsoftheapplicantandtoundertakepaymenttothebeneficiary

（承諾付款給受益人）

intheamountspecifiedinthecredit,providedthatthebeneficiarycomplieswiththetermsandconditionsofthecredit.2.PartiestoanL/CApplicant:

thepartywhichappliestothebankforopeningL/C(buyerorimporter)Issuingbank:thebankthatissuesaL/CattherequestoftheapplicantAdvisingbank:thebankthatadvisesthebeneficiaryofanL/CBeneficiary:

thepartyinwhosefavoranL/Cisopenedandwhichshouldcomplywiththetermsandconditionsofthecreditinordertoreceivetheproceeds(seller,exporter)Negotiatingbank:thebankthatnegotiatesthebeneficiary’sdraft.Itmaybetheadvisingbankoranotherbankauthorizedtonegotiatethedocuments5.CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C

Theissuingbankhastheprimaryliabilitiesforpayment;AnL/Cisaself-sufficientinstrument（自足文件）;Itissimplyadocumenttransaction.Therelevantpartiesdealwithdocumentsonly,ratherthanwiththegoodsorservices（銀行處理的是單據(jù)，而不是單據(jù)所涉及的貨物、服務）。Ifthegoodsdonotconformtothedocumentsaftertheapplicantpaystheissuingbank,theapplicantcanonlytakethismatterupwiththedefaultingparties.Ithasnothingtodowiththebank.Onthecontrary,ifthegoodsareinorder,butthedocumentarenotcorrect,theissuingbankandtheapplicanthavetherighttorefusetopaytheseller.6.TypesofLettersofCredit

Documentarycredits(shippingdocumentsrequired)Cleancredits(光票信用證onlydraftsrequired)Irrevocabledocumentarycredits(cannotbecancelled)Confirmedcredits(confirmedbyanotherbank)

Unconfirmedcredits(非保兌notconfirmedbyanotherbank)

Sightcredits(effectpaymentimmediately)Timecredits(effectpaymentnotimmediately)OtherCredit：Payment（付款）credits,acceptance（承兌）credits,negotiation（議付）

credits,anticipatory（預支）credit,revolving（循環(huán)）credits,transferable（可轉讓）credits,back-to-backcredits,etc.

Unit7ThePracticeofInternationalOceanCargoTransportation（一）基本要求了解：Transportgeography熟悉：DifferentTypesofShippingServices掌握：ShippingDocuments

（二）考試內(nèi)容：1.Transportgeography

2.DifferentTypesofShippingServices3.ShippingDocuments

2.DifferentTypesofShippingServices2.1Conferencelines（班輪公會航線）(1)definition

Ashippingconference

（班輪公會）isagroupofshippinglinesoperatinginanyparticularrouteunderagreementtoprovidedascheduledservicewithacommontariffandafixeditineraryofportofcall.(2)purpose

toeliminatepricecompetitionamongmemberlinestoreduceoutsidecompetition

(3)advantages

toshippersarestabilityoffreightratesandregularityofservices.

(4)disadvantages

Ratesareusuallyhigh.RatesdonotfluctuateaccordingtosupplyanddemandRatesandproceduresareinflexible.2.2Non-ConferencelinesThisisattributabletothedevelopmentofcontainerizationandemergenceofmanyindependentcarriers.2.3Non-vesseloperatingcommoncarrier(NVOCC)

AnNVOCCisacarrierwhooperatesaregularscheduledservice.Hedoesnotownoroperatethevesselsbywhichseatransportationisprovided.AlthoughtheNVOCCisacarrierinhisrelationshipwiththeactualshipper,heisashipperinhisrelationshipwiththeactualcarrier.Herendersausefulservicebyprovidinggroupageorconsolidationservices,particularlytosmallshipperwhodonothavemuchbargainingpowerinnegotiatingrates.

2.4Trampservice（不定期船運輸）Trampservicehasnofixeditineraryorscheduleandisoperatedonanyrouteaccordingtosupplyanddemand.

3.Shippingdocuments(1)Thebilloflading

Thebillofladingbyitselfisnotacontractofcarriageasitsignedonlybythecarrier.However,itprovidesevidenceofcontractofcarriage.Itservesasareceiptforgoodsdeliveredtothecarrier.Besides,thebillofladingservesasadocumentoftitleenablingthegoodstobetransferredfromtheshippertotheconsigneeoranyotherpartybyendorsement.(2)Seawaybill

Aseawaybillisthereplacementofthetraditionaloceanbilloflading.Thewaybillisanon-negotiabledocumentandmadeouttoaconsigneewhoisallowed,uponproductionofproperidentification,toclaimthegoodswithoutpresentingthewaybill.3.Shippingdocuments(3)Cargomanifest

Acargomanifestprovidesinformationregardingcargoonboard.Themanifestispreparedbythecarrier’sagentbutthefreightforwarderhavetohandleitwhiledealingwiththecustomsandportauthorities.(4)Shipping(Booking)note

Ashippingnoteisissuedbytheshippertothecarrierrequestingallocationofshippingspace.Itisacommitmentonthepartoftheshippertoshipthegoodsandservesasthebasisforthepreparationofthebilloflading.3.Shippingdocuments(5)Deliveryorder

Adeliveryorderisissuedbythecarrierorhisagenttoenabletheconsigneeorhisforwardingagenttotakedeliveryofthecargofromthevessel.(6)Mate’sreceipt

Amate’sreceiptisthereceiptissuedbythemate

intheacknowledgementofthegoodsreceivedonboardwhichissubsequentlyexchangedforthebilloflading.Unit9MarineB/L

（一）基本要求了解：ElectronicDeliveryofMarineBillsofLading

熟悉：GeneralConceptofMarineBillsofLading,DrawingupMarineBillsofLading掌握：FunctionsofMarineBillsofLading,TypesofMarineBillsofLading（二）考試內(nèi)容：1.GeneralConceptofMarineBillsofLading2.FunctionsofMarineB/L3.TypesofMarineBillsofLading4.DrawingupMarineBillsofLading5.ElectronicDeliveryofMarineBillsofLading1.GeneralConceptofmarinebillsoflading

Abillofladingisadocumentwhichservesasanevidenceofthecontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseaandthetakingoverorloadingofthegoodsbythecarrier,andbasedonwhichthecarrierundertakestodeliverthegoodsagainstsurrenderingthesame.Aprovisioninthedocumentstatingthatthegoodsaretobedeliveredtotheorderofanamedperson,ortoorder,ortobearer,constitutessuchanundertaking.（提單，是指用以證明海上貨物運輸合同和貨物已經(jīng)由承運人接收或者裝船，以及承運人保證據(jù)以交付貨物的單證。提單中載明的向記名人交付貨物，或者按照指示人的指示交付貨物，或者向提單持有人交付貨物的條款，構成承運人據(jù)以交付貨物的保證。）

2.FunctionsofmarinebillofladingItisreceiptforthegoodsshipped

areceiptissuedbyacarrierthatidentifiableconsignmentofgoodshasbeenreceivedbyhimforshipment,oractuallyloadedonboardhisship

Adocumentoftitletothegoods

ThepossessionofaB/Lisequivalentinlawtopossessionofthegoods.Evidenceofthetermsofthecontractofaffreightment.

Thetermsofthebillofladingcontainthetermsofthecontract.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.1Orderbillsoflading

Orderbillsareissuedbythecarrierstotheorderofshipperorconsignee.Anorderbillofladingisanegotiabledocument.Orderbillsmadeouttoconsigneeorordercanbetransferredbythembyendorsement.3.2Straightbillsoflading

Straightbillsofladingarethosemadeouttonamedconsigneeswithouttheadditionofthewords“ororder”.Theyarenotnegotiableandcannotbetransferredtothirdparties.Deliveryofgoods,therefore,canonlybetakenbythenamedconsignee.3.3Shippedbillsoflading

Shippedbillsstatedefinitelythatthegoodshavebeenloaded.Itconfirmsthatthegoodsareactuallyonboardthevessels.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.4ReceivedforshipmentbillsofladingReceivedforshipmentbillsofladingstatethatthegoodshavebeenreceivedforshipment,anddonotindicatetheactualdateofloading.3.5DirectbillsofladingDirectbillsofladingarethosecoveringshipmentbetweendirectportsofloadinganddischarge.3.6ThroughbillsofladingThroughbillsofladingcovershipmentfromortoportsinvolvingtransportbytwoormoreshippingorrailwayscompanies.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.7CleanbillsofladingThecleanbillofladingbearsanindicationthatthegoodswerereceivedwithoutdamages,irregularitiesorshortshipment,usuallytheword“apparentgoodorderandconditionisindicatedontheB/L.3.8FoulbillsofladingFoulbilloflading(uncleanbilloflading,dirtybillofladingorclausedbilloflading)istheoppositeofthecleanbilloflading.Itbearsanindicationthatthegoodswerereceivedwithdamages,irregularities（異常）orshortshipment,usuallythewords“uncleanonboard”orthelikeareindicatedontheB/L,forexample,“insufficientpacking”,“missingsafetyseal”and“onecartonshort”.4.Drawingupmarinebillsoflading

Abillofladingcontainssomemainelements,suchasquantityofcargo,accuratecargodescriptionandcondition,dateofthebilloflading,namesofshipperandconsignee,portofloadinganddischarging,ship’sname,termsandconditionsofcarriageandpaymentoffreight.Themainpartiesonabillofladingareshipper,consignee,notifypartyandcarrier.Theshipperistheperson,usuallytheexporter,whosendsthegoods.

Consigneereferstothepersonentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoods.

Carrieristhepersonorcompanywhohasconcludedacontractwiththeshipperforcarriageofgoods.Notifypartyisthepartythatthecarriermustnotifywhenthegoodsarriveattheportofdestination.Thecarrierissuesanarrivalnoticeinformingthenotifypartyaboutthecargodischargepoint,numberofpackagesandotherinformation.Itisimportanttodatebillsofladingcorrectly,andasperdateonwhichthecargoisactuallyloaded.Cargoquantityandconditionshouldalsobeadequatelyandcorrectlydescribedinthebillsoflading.UnitTen

OceanFreightRates（一）基本要求了解：TypesofOceanFreightRates熟悉：ConsiderationforDeterminingtheOceanFreightRates掌握：Surcharges（二）考試內(nèi)容1.TypesofOceanFreightRates2.ConsiderationforDeterminingtheOceanFreightRates3.Surcharges

2.ConsiderationforDeterminingtheOceanFreightRatesWhendeterminingthefreightrate,thecarrierwillalsoconsider:

StowagefactorDistanceTheprincipleof“Whatthetrafficcanbear”.“servicecost”principleTheopenmarketrates3.SurchargesCurrencyadjustmentfactorBunkeradjustmentfactor

PortcongestionsurchargesContainerfreightCommodityboxrates（包箱費率）isalumpsumrateforthecarriageofacontainerloadedwithaparticularcommodityFreightallkindsrates（均一費率）

allcommoditiesarechargedthesamerateforthesamevoyageregardlessoftheirvalueUnitEleven

MarineCargoInsurance

（一）基本要求了解：Principlesofmarinecargoinsurance

熟悉:Insurancepremiumandpolicy掌握：TypesofBasicCoverage,InstituteCargoClause（二）考試內(nèi)容1.Principleofmarinecargoinsurance.2.Insurancepremium.3.Insurancepolicy.4.Typesofbasiccoverage5.Institutecargoclause2.InsurancePremium

Thepremiumistheconsiderationwhichtheinsurersreceivefromtheassuredinexchangefortheirundertakingtopaythesuminsuredintheeventinsuredagainst.

Thegeneralguidingrateoftheinsurancepremiumis1%oftheamountinsured.Thepremiumratesmayvary,forexample,from0.5%to1.5%ormoreorlessdependingonfactorssuchas:

typeofgoods,thecountryanddistanceofdestination,valueofthegoods,modeoftransportation,thetypeofriskscovered,containerorbulkshipmentandtypeofpacking.TheminimumamountinsuredshouldbetheCIFortheCIPvalueofthegoodsplus10%.3.InsurancePolicyInsurancepolicyisanevidenceofinsurancecontractissuedbytheinsurerorunderwritertotheassured.Theformatofinsurancepolicyformsvariesfrominsurertoinsurer.Insurancepolicyorcertificate,andendorsementarethemainonesusedindailybusiness.

Thepolicymustbeissuedandsignedbyaninsurancecompanyoritsagent.

Ifmorethanoneoriginalisissuedandissoindicatedinthepolicy,alltheoriginalsmust