上海市2019年高考英語模擬試題9

上市高英模試9（解）ListeningA(10%)：InSectionAtenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.theendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theandthequestions'willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,decidewhichoneisbestanswertothequestionyouhave,heard.1.A.$10.B.$8.C.$16.D.2.A.Ataconcert.B.Atarestaurant.C.Atanartmuseum.D.Ataflowershop.3.A.Ateacher.B.Apoliceman.C.Adoctor.D.Anathlete.4.A.Parentandchild.B.Husbandandwife.C.Teacherandstudent.D.assistantandcustomer.5.A.Apairoftrousers.B.suit.C.Acoat.D.Ablouse.6.A.TheplanningatriptoAustin.B.Themanhasnotbeentobefore.C.Themandoesn’tlikeAustin.D.ThemanhasbeentoAustinbefore.7.A.Findaroom.B.theoldtable.C.Buytwobookshelves.D.Rearrangesomefurniture.8.A.Sheisfondofpizzaverymuch.B.Shedisagreeswiththeman.C.Shedoesn’understandwhatthemansays.D.Shedoesn’likepizzaverymuch,either.9.A.Shedoesn'tminditasconditionsaregood.B.Sheistiredofdrivinginheavytraffic.C.Sheisunhappytohavetodrivesuchalongwayeveryday.D.Sheenjoysitbecauseshe'sgoodatdriving.10.A.Itwasalonglecture,buteasytounderstand.-1-

B.Itwasnotaseasyasshehadexpected.C.Itwasasdifficultasshehadexpected.D.Itwasinterestingtofollow.B(15%)：InSectionBwilltwopassagesandoneconversation.eachpassageandconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Theandtheconversationwillberead，thequestionsbeonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readjourpossibleanswersonyourpaperdecidewhichoneisbestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11through13arebasedfollowing11.A.Twinvolunteers.B.prisoners.C.Twopoliceofficers.D.patients.12.A.Toseeifteaandcoffeewoulddotopeople.B.ToseehowmuchteaandcoffeecoulddrinkaC.ToseewhetherhispeoplewereD.Toseewhetherthedrinkshadthesameeffect.13.A.Theybothlivedalonglife.B.Oneofthemtheexperiment.C.Bothofthemdiedsoon.D.Theyalottheexperiment.14through16arebasedfollowing14.A.Itlistedintheteachingprogram.B.ItisimportanttoEnglishteaching.C.Effectivelisteningingoodgrades.D.It'smoretaughtthananyothersubject.15.A.Listeninghelpstosendplainmessage.B.Listeningdevelopsinterpersonalrelationship.C.Listeninghaslittletodowithinterpersonalrelationship.D.Goodlisteninghelpstodeliveranimportant16.A.Goodlisteningmeansagoodjob.B.Listeningrequiresunderstanding.C.Withgoodlistening,youcanmessages.D.Listeningisanimportantmeanscommunication.-2-

17through20arebasedfollowing17.A.Interviewerinterviewee.B.andemployee.C.Fellowworkers.D.Teacherandguide.18.A.Marketingproducts.B.Studyingaforeignlanguage.C.Developingteachingprograms.D.Sellingsoftware.19.A.Socialbackground.B.experience.C.Wideknowledge.D.Intelligentmind.20.A.ToJapanB.ToChile.C.ToKorea.D.ToSouthGrammarandVocabularyA(10%)Directions：Afterreadingthepassagefillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheagivenword,inblankwiththeproperformofthegiven；fortheother，usewordthatbestfitseachblank.Thesun’energyarenottoblameforrecentglobalwarmingand,ifanything,solarvariationsoverthepast20yearsshouldhavehadacoolingscientistshavesaid.Theirfindingsaddtoagrowingbodyofevidence___1___humanactivity,notnaturalcauses,liesbehindtherisingaverageworldtemperatures,which___2___(expect)toreachtheirhighestlevelthisyearsincerecordsbeganinthe1860s.Thereislittledoubtthatsolarvariabilityhasinfluencedthe’climateinthepastand___3___wellbeenfactorinthefirsthalfofthelastcentury,butBritishSwissresearcherssaid___4___couldnotexplainrecentwarming.Overthepast20years，allthetrendssunthatcouldaninfluenceonEarth'sclimate___5___(be)intheoppositedirectiontorequiredtoexplaintheobservedriseinglobalmeantemperatures.Mostscientistssayemissionsofgreenhousemainlyfromburningfossil(化石的fuelsinpowerplants,factoriesandcars,theprimecauseofthecurrentwarmingtrend.___6___(decrease)grouptheblamenaturalvariationsin-3-

theclimatesystem,oragradualriseinthe’energyoutput.Theyconcludedthatrapidriseinglobalmeantemperaturesseensincethelate1980scouldnotbeattributedtosolarvariability,___8___mechanismwasused.The___9___yearsin150yearshaveallbeensince1990aUnitedNationsclimatepanel,___10___(draw)onof2,500scientists,saidthisyearitwas“”thathumanactivitiesthemain【答案】2.areexpected3.may4.it5.havebeen6.decreasing7.the8.whatever9.warmest10.drawing【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)全球平均氣溫不斷上升的背后是人類活動，而非自然原因?！?題解】考查同位語從句。句意：越來越多的證據(jù)表明，全球平均氣溫不斷上升的背后是人類活動，而非自然原因，預(yù)計今年全球平均氣溫將達(dá)到19世60年代記錄以來的第二高水平。此處為同位語從句成完整用that引連接作用義說明evidence的內(nèi)容?！?題解】考查時態(tài)和固定句式。句意同上beexpectedtodo表示“預(yù)計有望……”，which指代先行詞therisingworldtemperatures并非限定性定語從句中作主語，講述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填expected?！?題解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：毫無疑問，太陽的變化在過去影響了地球的氣候，這很可能是上世紀(jì)上半葉的一個因素，但英國和瑞士的研究人員說，這不能解釋最近的氣候變暖maywell表-4-

示“很可能、有充分理由可”故填may?！?題解】考查代詞。句意同上，此處指代太陽的變化在過去影響地球的氣候這個因素，故填i?！?題解】考查時態(tài)。句意：在過去的20年里所有可能對地球氣候產(chǎn)生影響的太陽活動趨勢都與解釋觀測到的全球平均氣溫上升所需要的方向相反。時間狀語Overthepast20years”表明用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填havebeen【6題解】考查形容詞。句意：越來越少的人將其歸咎于氣候系統(tǒng)的自然變化，或者是太陽能量輸出的逐漸上升。修飾名詞group用容詞decreasing示“持續(xù)減少的”，故填decreasing?！?題解】考查冠詞。句意：他們的結(jié)論是，自上世紀(jì)80年代以來全球平均氣溫的迅速上升，無論以哪種角度來看，都不能歸因于太陽的變化。此處指的是前面提到的“全球平均氣溫的迅速上升”，應(yīng)該用定冠詞表特指，故the【8題解】考查讓步狀語從句意上析子結(jié)構(gòu)可知處為讓步狀語從句示無論什”故填?！?題解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：過去150年來最熱的年份都是1990年后定冠詞the修飾容詞最高級，故填。【10題解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：一個聯(lián)合國氣候小組根據(jù)2500名學(xué)家的研究成果表示，人類活動很可能是導(dǎo)致氣候變化的主要原因aUnitedNationsclimatepanel與draw之是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填drawing【點睛】注意that連同位語句時，從句為一個句意完整的陳述句that不能省略，沒有具體的意思，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。如：Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellthinkingisquitewrong.你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的引的從句作idea的位語，補(bǔ)充說明idea的容-5-

SectionB(10%)Directions：Completethefollowingpassagebyusing-wordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisyouneed.Agapyearisoftenatimewhenyoungtravelortomoneyforschool.GapyearsaremuchinintheUnitedStates,especiallyamongchildrenborntowealthyfamilies.Butnow,moreAmericansareshowinganinterestintheideaofayear.Infact,U.S.collegesanduniversitiesarenow___12___studentstodelaytheirstudiestomakeofagapyear.In2016,MaliaObama,daughterofthen-presidentBarackObama,___13___alotofmediaattentionwhenshedecidedtopostponethestartoftheirstudiesbyayear.LikeMaliaObama,RosalieStoke,whohadbeenacceptedfor___14___byheruniversityofchoice,madethesamechoice.In___15___2013，StokeconnectedwithainBarcelona,Spain.Theytoletherlivewithandpaidsmallamounttofortheirchildrenforsevenmonths.StokestudiedSpanishduringinBarcelona.usedthemoneytotravelfortwomonths.WhenreturningtotheUnitedStatestobeginherstudiesatVirginiaTechin2014,Stokesaidshefeltateaseandthatsheaboutherselfaperson.Also,whentalkingwithfriendswhowent___16___collegefromhighschool,shefoundmanyhadadifficulttimeintheirfirstyearofcollege.toldherthey___17___thefieldofstudytheyhadchosen.Otherssaidtheyfeltlostatthecollegeorthattheywerewastingtimedoingthingslike___18___.JenniferPowell-Lunder,a___19___psychologistwhoworksmostlywithyoungpeople,saysthesefeelingsareamongfirst-yearcollegestudents.Shesaysmoreyoungare___20___admissiontocollegethaneverbefore.Thatmeansthelevelofcompetitionisthehighestithaseverbeen.Shesaysyoungpeopletodayhavetodomorethaneverbeassuccessful.Takingamay-6-

reducesomeofthepressure.【答案】11.B12.K13.C14.E15.G16.I17.A18.H19.D20.F【解析】本文是一篇說明文，以羅莎莉·托克為例介紹了歐美學(xué)生休間隔年的情況。【11題解】考查形容詞。句意：間隔年在歐洲比在美國普遍得多，尤其是在富裕家庭出生的孩子中。此處缺少形容詞作表語，表“見的、普遍”，故填B【12題解】考查時態(tài)。句意：事實上，一些美國的學(xué)院和大學(xué)正在敦促學(xué)生推遲學(xué)業(yè)以利用間隔年。此處缺少動詞作謂語，urgesbtodo示“敦促強(qiáng)烈要求某人做某”“are”明為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，此處填現(xiàn)在分詞，故填K?！?3題解】考查時態(tài)。句意2016年，當(dāng)國前總統(tǒng)奧巴馬的女兒瑪利亞決定推遲一年開始學(xué)業(yè)時，她受到了媒體的廣泛關(guān)注。此空缺少動詞作謂語，表示收到”，間狀語表明應(yīng)該用一般過去時，故填C。【14題解】考查名詞。句意：和瑪利亞一樣，已經(jīng)被她所選擇的大學(xué)錄取的羅莎莉·托克也做出了同樣的選擇。作介詞for的賓語用詞，表“錄取、進(jìn)入許”，填E。【15題解】考查名詞。句意2013年秋季羅莎·托克與西班牙巴塞羅那的一個家庭取得了聯(lián)系。根據(jù)英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣可知此處應(yīng)該填季節(jié)或月份，表示在某某季節(jié)表示“秋天”，故填?！?6題解】考查副詞。句意：此外，當(dāng)她和高中就直接上大學(xué)的朋友聊天時，她發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人在大學(xué)的第一年都過得很艱難。修飾動詞用副straight表示“直接，goto表示“直接去”，故填I(lǐng)。-7-

【17題解】考查時態(tài)。句意：一些人告訴她，他們質(zhì)疑自己選擇的研究領(lǐng)域。此處缺少動詞作謂語，表示“質(zhì)疑”，事情發(fā)生在過去，該用一般過去時，故填A(yù)?！?8題解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：其他人則表示，他們在大學(xué)里感到迷茫，或者他們在浪費時間參加社交聚會之類的事情。介詞like后動名詞作賓語party做不及物動詞時，表“加社交聚會，故填H?！?9題解】考查形容詞。句意：臨床心理學(xué)家埃尼弗·鮑爾蘭德主要與年輕人打交道，她說這種感覺在大一學(xué)生中很常見飾名詞用容詞clinical表示“臨的故?！?0題解】考查時態(tài)。句意：她說，現(xiàn)在申請上大學(xué)的年輕人比以往任何時候都多。此處缺少動詞做謂語，表示“尋找，are”明為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，此處填現(xiàn)在分詞，故填F。ReadingComprehensionA(15%)：eachblankinfollowingpassagetherearefour-wordsorphrasesAB,CandD.FilleachblankwithwordorphrasethatbestAnartprogramishelpingstudentsatofthelowestperformingschoolsintheUnitedStates.OnJune，muchoftheworld___21___theUnitedNationsWorldOceansDay.Theideaistoremindpeoplehowimportantthesaretoalllifeontocelebratetheirbeauty,andtobringattentionthe___22___hasontheoceans.Thisyear,thethemeis“OurOceans,Our”withspecialemphasisonfindingsolutionstoplasticpollution,andmarinelitterforahealthieroceanandabetterfuture.Theworld's___24___threefourthsoftheEarth'ssurface,contain97percentofour’water.Theyproduceoverhalfour，-8-

helpregulateourclimate,absorb，andsupportgreatest___25___oflifeonourNearlyhalfofallEarthdependontheoceansforsurvival,andformanyoftherest,includingpeople,theoceans___26___thequalityoflife.Theoceansarealso___27___totheworldseconomy,becausetheyarekeytotransportationandrecreation.Asover95percentoftheunderwaterareaunexplored,itisnearlyatheirdepthsmayholdthecuretomanyadisease,the___29___tomanyaproblem.Andyet,asmuchas40percentof’oceansare___30___affectedbyhumanactivitiesthatresultinpollution,andlossofcoastalhabitats.Ofparticular___31___plasticgarbage.Someofitcomesfromshipsthatuseourrivers,lakesandseas,andeventually___32___intoocean.Butabout8millionmetrictonsofplasticwastewashesofflandintooceaneachyear.Oncethere,itbeginsto___33___untilitturnsintosmallfragmentsknownasmicro-plastics.Plasticsarethreat,becausetheydegradeslowly,trapseacreatures,damagehabitatslikecoralreefs,andare___34___bymarineanimals.Researchershavedocumentedtheimpactsofplasticonover650differentmarinespecies—includingseaturtles,seals,whales,dolphins，porpoises,seabirds,andfish.OnWorldOceansDay,wemustrememberthatthehealthandsafetyofouroceansisourcollective，onethatwecannotaffordtoneglect.Onlythroughstewardshipcanwesafeguardthehealthofouroceans,andensurethattheoceanscontinuetomeettheneedsoffuturegenerations.21.A.makesestablishes

B.observesC.D.22.A.impact23.A.promoting

B.energyB.defending

C.effortC.preventing

D.attemptD.protecting24.A.carry25.A.abundance

B.wrapB.effect

C.involveC.influence

D.coverD.feature-9-

26.A.destroy27.A.accessible

B.improveB.indispensable

C.damageC.harmful

D.spoilD.available28.A.certainty29.A.revolution

B.doubtB.contribution

C.phenomenonC.resolution

D.symptomD.distribution30.A.hardly31.A.importance32.A.makesitsway

B.barelyB.concernB.losesits

C.nearlyC.valueC.fightsitsway

D.heavilyD.priorityD.goesitsownway33.A.breakoutthrough34.A.digestedswallowed35.A.source

B.breakdownC.breakintoD.breakB.dislikedC.D.B.resourceC.responsibilityD.wealth【答案】21.B22.A23.24.D25.A26.B27.B28.A29.C30.D31.B32.A33.B34.35.【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了今年世界海洋日的主題以及嚴(yán)重威脅海洋健康的塑料污染問題。【21題解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意6月8，世界上許多國家都在慶祝聯(lián)合國世界海洋日6月8日是聯(lián)合國世界海洋日makes制作observes

慶祝watches觀establishes建立。根據(jù)本空后的“theUnitedNationsWorldOceansDay”可知，月8日世界上許多國家都在慶祝聯(lián)合國世界海洋日，故B項正?！?2題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這節(jié)日是為了提醒人們世界上的海洋對地球上所有的生命是多么重要，來慶祝它們的美麗，并引起人們對人類活動對海洋的影響的關(guān)注impact

影響；B.energy能；C.effort努力；attempt嘗。haveimpacton表“……有影響”，故A項正。【23題解】-10-

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：今年的主題是“我的海洋，我們的未來”特別強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找塑料污染的解決方案，為了更健康的海洋和更美好的未來防止海洋垃圾A.promoting提升B.defending防；preventing防止阻止D.protecting保護(hù)根據(jù)本空后“marinelitterforahealthieroceanandbetterfuture.可知，此處是說為了更健康的海洋和更美好的未來防止海洋垃圾，故C項確?！?4題解】考查動詞詞義辨析句世上的海洋幾乎占地球表面的四分之三carry搬B.wrap纏繞involve包D.cover覆大面積據(jù)本空后“nearlythreefourthsoftheEarth'ssurface”可知海洋幾乎占地球表面的四分之三，故D項正。【25題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它們產(chǎn)生我們所需的一半以上的氧氣，幫助調(diào)節(jié)我們的氣候，吸收二氧化碳，支持我們星球上大量的生命A.abundance豐富、大量；B.效；influence影feature特常識可知上很多生命依靠海洋生存of表“許多多”故A項確?！?6題解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：地球上近一半的物種依靠海洋生存，而對包括人類在內(nèi)的許多其他物種來說，海洋改善了生活質(zhì)量A.destroy破壞B.improve改、改進(jìn)C.damage損害；掠。根據(jù)空后“thequalityof可知，海洋改善了包括人類在內(nèi)的許多其他物種的生活質(zhì)量，故B項正確?！?7題解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：海洋對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)也是不可或缺的，因為它們是交通和娛樂的關(guān)鍵。accessible可入的；B.indispensable絕必要的、不可或缺的C.harmful有害的；available可得到的根據(jù)空后的原因可知，海洋對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)也是不可或缺的，故B項確?！?8題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于95%以上的水下區(qū)域仍未被探索，幾乎可以肯定的是，它們的深處蘊(yùn)藏著許多疾病的治療方法和許多問題的解決方法A.certainty必；doubt疑問；C.phenomenon現(xiàn)；symptom癥狀。因為有那么廣闊的區(qū)域還未被探索，所以幾乎可以肯定海洋深處蘊(yùn)藏著許多疾病的治療方法和許多問題的解決方法，故A項確。【29題解】-11-

考查名詞詞義辨析同revolution命contribution貢；C.resolution解決、決議D.distribution分配。resolutionto表示“…的解決辦法”，C項確。【30題解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，世界上多40%海洋受到人類活動的嚴(yán)重影響，這些活動導(dǎo)致污染過捕撈和沿海棲息的喪失A.hardly

幾乎不B.barely僅C.nearly將近；嚴(yán)地。根據(jù)本空后“affectedbyhumanactivitiesthatpollution,over-fishing,andlossofcoastalhabitats”知，海洋受到人類活動的嚴(yán)重影響，故D項確。【31題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：特別令人關(guān)注的是塑料垃圾A.importance重性；B.concern擔(dān)心、關(guān)注C.value價；priority先。上文說人類活動給海洋帶來了很多問題，特別令人關(guān)注的是塑料垃圾，Ofparticularconcern示“特別值得關(guān)注的是”，故B項確?！?2題解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：其中一些塑料垃圾來自使用我們的河流、湖泊和海洋的船只，并最終進(jìn)入海洋。A.makesitswayinto進(jìn)入B.losesitsway迷；fightsits奮力前進(jìn)；itsown獨自行動。上文說塑料垃圾是最令人關(guān)注的海洋污染問題，此處指塑料垃圾進(jìn)入海洋，故A項正確。33題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：一旦進(jìn)入海洋，它就開始分解，直到變成被稱為微塑料的小碎片。A.breakout爆發(fā)；breakdown解；breakinto闖入；breakthrough突。根據(jù)空后的“untilitturnsintosmallfragmentsknown”知，進(jìn)入海洋后，塑料垃圾就開始分解，故正確，【34題解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：塑料是一個嚴(yán)重的威脅，因為它們降解非常緩慢，會困住海洋生物，破壞珊瑚礁等棲息地，并被海洋動物吞食A.消化；disliked不歡C.enjoyed喜；D.swallowed吞下根據(jù)空后“bymarineanimals”可知，塑料會被海洋動物吞食，故D項正?！?5題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們必須牢記）海洋的健康和安全是我們所有人的責(zé)任。-12-

A.source

來源；B.resource資源C.responsibility責(zé)D.wealth財富。海洋對地球上的生物非常重要，所以保護(hù)海洋的健康和安全是我們每個人的責(zé)任，故C項確。B(22%)：Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralorfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedB,D,theonefitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninpassageyouhaveread.WASHINGTON—Whatparentdoesn’twanthisorherchildtobebetter,faster,smarter,morecapable?Evenhumanparentsdothat,arobotthatbuildsitsownchildrencan.ScientistsatUniversityofCambridgeinEnglandhavecreatedamotherrobotthatnotonlyconstructsitsownchildren,butteststheirperformance.It'saroboticversionofnature’survivaloffittest.Themotherrobotanalyzestheperformanceofeachof“children”itandincorporatespreferentialtraitsintothegeneration.“Asthemothercreatesthemandputsthemwork,sheevaluateshowrebehaving,andsheusesdatafromthisbehaviortocreatethenextgenerationofrobots,”explainedresearchscientistAndresRosendo.There'snohumanintervention,exceptforacomputercommandcreaterobotcapableofmovingfromoneplacetoanother.motherbuildsitschildrenbygluingtogetherpieceswithsmallmotorsinside,indifferentconfigurations.Thenitwatcheshowchildrenmove,keepingthedesignsofthethatmovedthefastest.“Themotherrobotcanactuallybuildhundredsofchildrobotsandtheperformanceofthesechildrobots.Andiftheirperformanceisgood,keeptheirdesignforthenextgeneration.Andifbad,justletit，F(xiàn)umiyaIida,leadresearcher.Themotivationtoproducebetterchildreniscontrolledbytheresearchteam,whichprovidesanincentive.“Weprogramtherobotbasedonsomefunctionsthatdefinetherewardrobot-13-

..isgoingtoget,dependingontheconstructionthattheymake.Theycannotchangetheirownreward.Inthecaseofthechildrobot,distance,sothelongerthedistancetherobotwalks，thebetterthereceives,”saidRosendo.Afterseveralgenerations，the“children”arerunningtwiceasfast.“Themotherrobotgenerated500robotsseewhichoneisgoodandwhichoneisbad,”saidIida.Theresearcherssuggestthemachinescouldbeusedinanautoplant,example,whererobotcamerasexamineeachintheassemblyline,evaluateanymistakes,andthendesignabettercar.36.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____.A.humanparentscan'tmoldtheirchildtobecapableB.amotherrobotcanbuilditsownchildrenindependentofanyhumaninterventionC.amotherrobottendstoincorporateallchildrenstraitsintothenextgenerationD.thelawofsurvivaloftheappliestotherobotworld37.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Therewardachildrobotreceivesdependsontheitwalks.B.ThemotherrobotcanruntwicefasterthanchildC.Achildrobotcanchooseitsownrewardaslongasbehaveswell.D.Therobotsareusedinacartobettercars.38.Theunderlinedword“configurationsinPbablymeans_______.A.frameworksC.systems

B.figuresD.locations39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.MotherRobotBuildsItsOwnChildrenC.AWalkingRobot

B.ANewGenerationofRobotsD.ACleverRobot【答案】36.D37.A38.A39.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了英國發(fā)明了一種機(jī)器人母親，這種機(jī)器人不僅能自己制造孩子，-14-

還能測試孩子的表現(xiàn)?！?6題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“aroboticversionofnature’ssurvivalofthe”可知，這是大自然“者生存”的機(jī)器人版本，也就是說適者生存法則也適用于機(jī)器人世界，故D項確。【37題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“Inofthechildrobot,sdistance,sothelongerthedistancetherobot，thebettertherewarditreceives,”知，兒童機(jī)器人走的距離越長，它得到的獎勵就越多，也就是說兒童機(jī)器人獲得的獎勵取決于它行走的距離，故A項確?！?8題解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的Thenitwatcheshowquicklythemove,keepingdesignsoftheonesthatmovedthefastest可知，機(jī)器人母親通過將內(nèi)部裝有不同配置的電機(jī)部件粘合在一起來制造孩子，然后它觀察孩子們移動的速度，保留那些移動最快的設(shè)計，也就是說因為配置不同，才能區(qū)分出移動速度的快慢，由此可知，畫線詞詞義“配置、結(jié)構(gòu)”故A項確?！?9題解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的

“Englandhavecreatedarobotthatnotonlyconstructsitsownchildren,butteststheirperformance.”可知，英國發(fā)明了一種機(jī)器人母親，這種機(jī)器人不僅能自己制造孩子，還能測試孩子的表現(xiàn)，下文就介紹了機(jī)器人母親是如何制造出最好的孩子的，故A項確?！军c睛】詞義猜測題的難度較大，對畫線詞上下文的理解是關(guān)鍵，例如本篇第3題，據(jù)畫線詞后的“Thenitwatcheshowquicklythechildrenmove,keepingthedesignstheonesthatmovedthefastest”可知，機(jī)器人母親制造完孩子后它觀察孩子們移動的速度，保留那些移動最快的設(shè)計，由此可知，她是通過將內(nèi)部裝有不同配置的電機(jī)部件來制造孩子的，只有配置不同，才能區(qū)分出移動速度的快慢，由此可知，畫線詞詞義“置、結(jié)構(gòu)”。(B)Manyofusstartthedaybycommuting,ortravelling,towork.Weoffourchildrenatschool.Wemayvisitdoctororgotothemarkettofood.We-15-

hometoseeourfamilies.Peoplewholiveinbigcitiesspendalotoftimetalkingabouttraffic.Therearesometermsyouneedtalkingaboutit.Onesuchtermgridlock.Gridlockiswhennobodycangoanywhere.Theroadsbecomeonebigparkinglot.Thereisalsostop-and-starttraffic.Thisisyoumoveforwardlittle,butthenstop.Movelittle.Thenstop.Bothareequallystressful.Trafficcanbebumper-to-bumper.Thismeanstherearesomanycarstheroadthattheirbumpersseemtobetouching.Toidlemeanstheengineofyourcarisrunning,butyouarenotmoving...anywhere.Anothertermtoknowisrushtraffic.traffichappensataboutthesametimeeveryday—peoplearecommutingtowork.Then,whatcancitiesdototrafficproblems?Onethingcitiescandoistosupplymorepublictransportation.Letusnowtakeaatthetheworsttrafficintheworld—Jakarta.Jakarta'smetropolitanistoabout24millionpeople.Butonly13percentofalltripsonpublictransportation.InvestmentinpublictransportinIndonesianbeganin2004.WorkersarebuildingthefirstpartofpublictransportknownastheMassRapidTransitrailway.Anotherthingcitiescandotolimittrafficistochargemoneydriveincertainpartsofthecity.Nextyear,Jakartaplanstostartchargingdriversmoretotravelontwoheavilycongestedroads.Jakartaofficialshavealsobannedmotorcyclesthemainroadsthecity.UntilcitieswithtrafficproblemsfindwaystogetpeoplefromPointAtoPointBmoreefficiently,theycanonlyenvyTampere,FinlandRotterdam,intheNetherlands.Researcheshavefoundthatthesetwocitieshavethefastestmovingtraffic.40.Whichofthefollowingtermsrefersthesituationinwhichyoucannotmoveyourcaratall?-16-

A.stop-and-startC.gridlock

B.bumper-to-bumperD.rushhourtraffic41.Toreducetrafficproblems,candoofthefollowingEXCEPT________.A.encouragecitizenstowalkfromoneplacetoanotherB.chargedriversmoneydrivingincertainpartsofthecityC.prohibitmotorcyclesfromthemainroadsthecityD.investmoreintransportation42.Whatisthe’purposeofwritingthefirstparagraph?A.Toshowthatwearealwaysverybusy.B.Toshowthatweloveourchildrenverymuch.C.Toshowthatwearehardworking.D.Toshowthatwehavetousethetrafficquiteoften.【答案】40.C41.A42.D【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幾個與交通問題有關(guān)的術(shù)語以及一些減少交通問題的方法?！?0題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Gridlockisnobodycangoanywhere.Theroadsbecomeonebigparkinglot.”知，交通全面堵塞（gridlock）是指沒人能去任何地方。道路變成了一個大停車場，由此可知，在交通全面堵塞的情況下你根本移動不了你的車，故C項正確。【41題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Then,candototrafficproblems?部的內(nèi)容可知，減少交通問題的方法包括加大對公共交通的投資、在城市的某些地方開車要收費以及禁止摩托車在城市的主要道路上行駛沒有提到鼓勵市民從一個地方步行到另一個地方故項正確?！?2題解】推理判斷題。第一段介紹了在日常生活中我們使用交通工具的很多常見的情況，由此可知第一段就是為了表明我們必須經(jīng)常使用交通工具，故D正確。(C)-17-

Recently,hackershaveattackedcomputerandthenreleasedinformationthatmanypeoplethoughtwassecure.ThishappenedtothetopleadershipintheU.S.DefenseDepartment.HackersgainedentrytotheemailsystemoftheJointChiefsofStaff’soffice.attackeddatingwebsiteandthenamesofpeopleseekingrelationsoutsidetheirmarriage.Thisshockedtheusers,whothoughtthewebsitewassecure.TheNATOCooperativeCyberDefenseCenterExcellenceisworkingtokeepNATOonlineactivitiesGeneralPhilipBreedloveisthetopcommanderoftheS.EuropeanCommand.HesaidtheCyberDefenseCenterisworkingtocomputertechnologysaferforalloftheNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization.ThecenterprovidescybersecuritydefenseandpolicyinterestedNATOmembers.“WhenitcomestotheNATOnetworksandhowwefighttogetherasNATO,thereare28doorstothisalliance.Ifoneofthosedoorsiswideopen,thealliancewideopen.”Thecenteralsoprovidesassistancetootherpartnercountries,universitiesandevenprivatebusinesses.ThegeneralspokelastweekendataNATOmeetinginTurkey.FinancingforthecentercomesnotfromNATO,butfromvolunteerOfficialssaythecenter’workhasanimportantinimprovingthealliance'scyber-defensecapabilities.Eachyear,thealliancecarriesoutwargameinwhichNATOforcestrytoprotectamake-believecountryfromcyberattack.centerprovidesthefakecountry'scomputernetwork.Participatingnationsmustandstrengthenthatnetwork.LauriAasmannisthechiefofcenter'sLawandPolicyBranch.Mr,AasmannsaystechnologydifferentNATOcountriesarecriticaltodefensebuilding.“Westronglybelievethatinordertobuildorhavegooddefense,youshouldunderstandhowtheattackworks,howtheoffenseworks.”ThecenterworksoutofanoldbuildinginthesmallEstonia.Itmay-18-

,,seemlikeanunusualchoiceanexercise.However,EstoniaisamongthebestplacesintheworldforInternetaccess.Wirelessconnectionsareavailablealmosteverywhere,eveninunexpectedplaces,likeinsidebusesandoronapublicArecentthenon-profitgroupFreedomHouseratesEstoniaworldwideforInternetfreedom.Incomparison,theUnitedStateswasfifthonlist.InEstonia,bankingisdonemostlyonline.Estonianssaytheyrarelycarrymoney.Mostgovernmentbusinesselectronically.ButEstoniansknowfromexperiencethatacyberattacktheirInternetcouldcausehugeproblems.Amassivecyberattack2007knockedoutInternetaccesstobanksministries,parliamentandotherorganizationsdays.TheattacktookplaceduringEstonia'sdisputewithRussiaabouttherelocationofamarkercalledtheBronzeSoldierofTallinn.ManyblamedtheattackonRussia,whichEstoniaseasternneighbor.Sincethen,Estonianofficialshaveremainedonguardtopreventanddefeatcyberattacksagainstthecountryanditsallies.43.FromthefirstparagraphweknowthatA.hackersentrytoemailsystemofadatingwebsiteB.usersofadatingwebsitewerefaithfultotheirspousesC.thecomputersystemsoftheU.S.DefenseDepartmentweretoosecuretobeD.manypeopleusedtoworryaboutthesafetyoftheirinformationinthe44.WhichofthefollowingabouttheCyberDefenseCenterisTRUE?A.ItsmaintaskistoonlineactivitiessaferforNATOcountries.B.Itprovidescybersecuritydefenseandpolicyadvicetoallthecountries.C.ItprovidesassistancetoonlyAmericanuniversitiesandprivatebusinesses.D.ItisfinancedbyNATOaswellasvolunteernations.45.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEstoniais________.A.firstonthelistofInternetfreedomB.amongcountrieswiththeeasiestaccesstoInternetC.anidealplacetodoexercises-19-

D.acountrywherepeopletocarrycashwiththem46.ItissupposedthatRussiashouldberesponsiblefor________.A.attackingEstonianbanks,ministries,parliamentB.disputingwithC.therelocationofaD.amassiveattackin2007【答案】43.B44.A45.B46.【解析】本文是一篇說明文，由最近黑客還攻擊了一個交友網(wǎng)站這一事件入手介紹了北約國家的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題?！?3題解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hackersalsoattackedwebsiteandreleasedthenamesofpeopleseekingrelationsoutsidetheirmarriage.”可知，黑客還攻擊了一個交友網(wǎng)站，并公布了那些尋求婚外情的人的名字，由此可知，交友網(wǎng)站的用戶對他們的配偶不忠誠，故B項確?！?4題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“NATOCooperativeCyberDefenseCenterofExcellenceisworkingtokeepNATOonlineactivities可知，北約合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)防御卓越中心正在努力確保北約網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動的安全，也就是說它的主要任務(wù)是確保北約國家的網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動更加安全，故項正。【45題解】推理判斷題據(jù)數(shù)第二段中“However,isamongthebestplacesintheworldforInternetaccess.”可知，沙尼亞是世界上網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入最好的國家之一，也就是說愛沙尼亞互是網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入最容易的國家之一，故B正確?！?6題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ManytheattackonRussia,whichisEstonia’seasternneighbor.”可知，很多人把2007一次大會規(guī)模的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊歸咎于愛沙尼亞的鄰邦俄羅斯，也就是說俄羅斯應(yīng)對2007年次大會規(guī)模的網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊負(fù)責(zé)，故項正。SectionC(8%)-20-

：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentenceinthebox.Each,canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomorethanyouneed.Anopinionpollwas