上海高考-語法分類分詞-含語法新題型(教師版)

語法分詞【知識梳理】一、現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：現(xiàn)在

及

物動(dòng)詞write

不及物動(dòng)詞go分詞一般式完成式

主動(dòng)語態(tài)writinghavingwritten

被動(dòng)語態(tài)beinghavingwritten

主動(dòng)語態(tài)goinghaving否定式：not現(xiàn)分詞）現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。例如：wentpark,singingtalking.Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式表發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。Thebeingisveryimportant.Havingbeentimes,thenaughtythe1

、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能：）作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞前，如果是詞短語做定語放在名詞后。InthefollowingyearsThespeakingtotheourmonitorsfather.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句的句法功能，如：infollowing也可用theyearsthatfollowed,themanspeaking可改為theisspeaking.）作表語：Thefilmbeingin正這家上演的電影很棒。be+doing既可能表示現(xiàn)進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，它們的區(qū)別在于b+表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí)，而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：see,watch,hear,get,notice,observe,listento,catch等例如：inthenext你聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？Hekeptthewaitingatgate.他小汽車在門口等著。）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：A作時(shí)間狀語：B作原因狀語：

WorkinginheanBeingheishelpingothers.2

C）方式狀語，表示伴隨：D）條狀語：E）作結(jié)果狀語：F）作目的狀語：G作讓步狀語：

Hehome,cleaningandwashing.(If)allwillwasteyourHedroppedbreakingitintoHeswimmingday.rainingheavily,itupsoon.★與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：Iwaitingforbus,head.Alltheticketshavingbeensold有時(shí)也可用with(without)名詞（代詞賓格分詞形式Withtheburning,★作獨(dú)立成分：hisappearance,hemustactor.Generallygirlsmorecareful.【例題精講】1.In2010,itestimatedthatabout400closed,(urge)thegovernmentgivefinancialsupportstrugglingshopsorset-upstores.答案：解題思路：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，前面事情主動(dòng)導(dǎo)致后面的結(jié)果。．IsqueezedmyIsawthein（年海高考）答案：解題思路：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，seesbdoing3

3.(25)_______(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumesoIobservingroutinetwo（2016年海高考）答案：解題思路：現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，前后句子主語一致，表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。知識點(diǎn)二（過去分詞）【知識梳理】過去分詞的句法功能：、作定語：Ourclassonorganizedtriplast上一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行Thoseelectedcommitteememberswillattend當(dāng)為委員的人將出席這次會。注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時(shí)，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。有些過去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。如：water開水）newlygoods（新到的貨）the（了的世界）

（落葉）thesun（升起的太陽）這類過去分詞有g(shù)one,fallen,risen,arrived,returned,等。、作表語：Thewindow窗戶破了。frightenedatthesadsight.他對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。4

注意過去分，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。區(qū)別：Thewindowbroken.系表）Thewindowbrokenbytheboy.（被動(dòng)）、作賓語補(bǔ)足語：Iheardsungseveraltimeslast上我見這首歌被唱了好幾次。有時(shí)過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語：Withtheworkdone,theywentoutto工做完了，他們出去玩去了。、作狀語：bythethehis受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng)成為父母的驕傲原因）seen,itneverforgotten.一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了示時(shí)間）I’llitbetter.如給予更多的時(shí)間，我能做得更好示條件）tolddanger,heriskedsavethe雖然被告之危險(xiǎn)，他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子讓步）★過去分詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：Allbooksreturnedendofthethelibrarywassatisfied.所有的書期末時(shí)都還了，圖書管理員很高興。Thefieldspreadseed.地好了，他開始撒種子?！纠}精講】highcostoflittleburdenalready______(exhaust)（2014年上海高考）5

答案：exhausted解題思路：過去分詞作定語，修飾，示已經(jīng)筋疲力盡的肩膀(31)_________(shock),Iitherautomatically.She（2015年海高考答案：解題思路：過去分詞作狀語，補(bǔ)充完整是Ishocked.Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(38)_____(annoy)withunimportant（年上海高考）答案：annoyed解題思路：過去分詞作表語，和前面的并列，結(jié)構(gòu)知識點(diǎn)三（分詞綜合復(fù)習(xí)）【知識梳理】考點(diǎn)剖析分的時(shí)態(tài)：①分詞一般式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；或一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生后，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作接著發(fā)生。分詞的一般式常在書面語中用作背景的描寫。例如：WalkingdowntheIintoLily.Hearingthenews,Ijumpedwithjoy.Switchingofflights,Ihecountry,wehad②分詞完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。6

Havingourandpolicemandismissedus.HavingmydrivingIbuymyfirstIbuyfirstcar,havingmydrivingtest.③分詞一般式和完成式均可表示已完成的動(dòng)作，但在說話人心中，用一般式把動(dòng)作看做是幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，用完成式則強(qiáng)調(diào)2個(gè)作的先后。例如：shewentHavingintheuniversityforthreeknowstheplacewell.．分詞的語態(tài)：①分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中。例如：ThebeingbuiltwillbeourBeingthewereforced②分詞完成式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語動(dòng)詞。例如：HavingbeencriticizedLiMingupsmoking.Nothavinginvited,hefelt③過去分詞也表示被動(dòng)，但沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作先后的含義。例如：Thegivenwasasuccess.areproblemsleftbySeenfromthehill,citymagnificent.在分詞和過去分詞用法功能的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。thesun=thesunrising正升起的太陽7

短語：achild熟睡的孩子afallingstar流日增長的需求

boilingwater沸水a(chǎn)waiting等待的人群lasting永久的和平表示主動(dòng)但不正在進(jìn)行。Hepromising他一個(gè)有前途的學(xué)生。短語：剩的歲月anembarrassing窘neighboringcountry鄰國

atiringday勞累的一天guidingprinciple指原則awalking活典過分詞作前置定語①表示被動(dòng)，且又是有已完成的含義。Thesunthathasjust初生的太陽Idontlikefriedeggs.我喜歡吃煎蛋。短語：開過的）水room有家具的房間

courses必修課awritten書報(bào)告表示主動(dòng)，且有完成的含義（僅限于某些不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語Wherearethe？那逃犯在哪里？短語：離的朋友

anarrivedvisitor一位來客8

leaves落歸國留學(xué)生retired退工人

anprisoner一個(gè)逃犯flowers凋謝的花asunkenship一沉船過去分詞用在表示情緒的詞語中。例：Hegaveasatisfied他給了個(gè)滿意的微笑短語：afrightenedglance驚的掃視a愁容anexcitedscream激動(dòng)的尖叫聲theeffect預(yù)期的效果hisembarrassedmanner他尬的舉止aanembarrassed困的尷的表情但是：relaxed/relaxingenvironment放松的環(huán)境活學(xué)活用：usewords，orphrases_______onlypeoplewithB.havingbeenknownC.beknownD.firsttextbooks________forteachingforeigninthe9

writtentowrittenwrittenwrittenSmith，_______ofspeechstartednovel.；B.tiring；bored；boredtiring；boringOlympic，_______in776，didnotwomenuntilfirstplayingB.tobeC.firstplayedtobefirst：ABAC二分作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征可用very修去分詞作表語表主語所處的狀態(tài)如：Theisveryshouldn’tifyoubadly下列表示變成、保持、感覺等意義的動(dòng)詞有系動(dòng)詞的特征，可與某些現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)：become,feel,go,grow,go,lie,現(xiàn)在分詞：comeingetgoing/chatting/movinglookremainstanding/listeningliedyingsitwaitingstand過去分詞：disappointed/amazed/touched10

comeuntied/undone/unwrapped/unfastened/unstitchedfeeltroubled/distressed/puzzled/upset/exhaustedgrowlook/seemremaingetlie活學(xué)活用：pilotaskedall_______astheplanemakinglanding.C.tobeseating-I'mvery________withItnicesmells-Mm.Itdoesasmell.pleasant;pleasedpleasedC.pleasant;pleasant：CD三）分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語．接詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有以下2類詞第一類包括feel,to,see,lookat,notice,observe等官動(dòng)詞。例如：11

Wesawteacherexperiment.說明：在以上感官動(dòng)詞后，既可用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可用不帶t的不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，但兩者的含義是有差別的。Feel/hear/listento/watch主語++語See/lookat/notice/observe現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生（即處于發(fā)生的過程中，還沒有結(jié)束，或是一個(gè)反復(fù)行的動(dòng)作Igirlcrossingthe。Iyoungslappingher不帶的定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語描述某個(gè)單一的動(dòng)作，或表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了（即全過結(jié)束了：Wesawamotherherchildthe我們看到那個(gè)年輕的母親在超市打了一下他的孩子。Igirlandrunaway.我到那個(gè)女孩穿過馬路跑了第二類包括catch,get,send,set,等示發(fā)現(xiàn)的詞。例如：IdiscoveredMr.Jacksittingnearfires,readingThevictoryourspiritsrising.一．接過分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有以下3類詞：第一類包括see,watch,find,等示官和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。例如：WeIconsideredthisproblem第二類包括have,leave,make,等表示使役、致使的動(dòng)詞。例如：12

ItrytomakemyselfPleaseoflatestwillgetfence第三類包括declare,like,等表示要求、希望、命令的動(dòng)詞。例如：Hedeclared2008BeijingOlympicclosed.Ishouldlikethe(tobe)settledThearmyunit(tobe)Idontyou(tobe)involvedinyouwishyourbreakfastbe)yourroom?活學(xué)活用：Youshouldtrafficrulebynow.Youit______enough.C.DIdoorIbyfallenleavescoveredB.C.coveringD.havingbeencoveredKeys:DA四）分詞作狀語．分詞作狀語，表示原因、時(shí)間、條件時(shí)一般放在句首，如作為方式狀語或伴隨狀時(shí)，放在句首句尾均可。letter,couldn'tcrying.此句分詞作原因狀語；table,aletter.．分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。13

Filledwithismorethanaaboutatsea.(因)Theircaughtinajam,thuscausingthedelay.果)stand,divided,we條)Exercisingwillimprove條)活學(xué)活用：visitorswereshowntheHavingshownB.ShowingC.Hastodoor,papersandmagazines.studenthispapercarefully,____theprofessor’suggestions.B.followingC.followedD.followedKeys:【例題精講】Asmallplanehillsidefivemileseastofcity,(kill)allpeopleboard.（上海2009年31題【答案】【解析根據(jù)短語的附著規(guī)則可判斷此處考察分詞作狀語據(jù)語一致原則可知非謂語動(dòng)詞kill跟邏輯主語plane之為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作與位于動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之間為同時(shí)發(fā)生，此可填入現(xiàn)在分詞Killing作結(jié)果狀語。Lucyasensehumorandalwayskeeps(amuse)with（上海2010年33題【答案】【解析】通過分析句子成分可知，此處考察非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。非謂語動(dòng)詞a跟邏輯主語14

colleague之為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)間上與位動(dòng)詞并無明顯先后順序，故選用所給動(dòng)詞的過去分詞mused表示狀態(tài)。Therarefish,thecookinghastosea.（海2011年題）【答案】saved【解析】分析句子成分可知此處考察非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語。所給動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，雖然非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，但分詞完成式不能用來作定語，故選用所給動(dòng)詞過去分詞形式，表示被動(dòng)和已完成。"Genius"iscomplicatedconcept,_(involve)many（海年39）【答案】【解析】分析子結(jié)構(gòu)可知考察非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語face,的用遵循規(guī)有介詞被動(dòng)，無介詞主動(dòng)干無介詞，可以把填寫的范圍定為現(xiàn)在分詞形式，而且此處不需要調(diào)跟謂語動(dòng)詞的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此可用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。Thejudgeshintofwhatthought,Ileftroom（海2013年34題）【答案】worried【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，處考察非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，修飾主語I處的狀態(tài)，根據(jù)worry的用法可知此處填寫過去分詞的形式?；A(chǔ)題（60%Withthegovernment________affect）earthquakehavetothenew(2009上高考33題__________(Approach)citysawastoneabout10metersheight.(2010上海高考35題)AtpointItotoUncleThenImymind,thatdonothingto(2011年海高考33題_25ago,holdingpartyforpresentmembers.(2012年上海高考36題)15

Sophiaane-mail(askfor)heraccountnumber.年上海高考35)_____________(convince)thatgovernmentthemoutoffinancialpeoplethereOptimisticaboutfuture.(2011年長寧區(qū)一模題)(believe)earththatofftheworld.年崇明縣一模34題theXianisseenasofcivilization.(2011年虹口區(qū)一模31題howlanguagesintobeing,_____thataredriving年浦區(qū)一模32題)10.It’ashametoitagain,Ididtellaliewhentimeinmyteachersoffice.(2011年靜安區(qū)一模32題11.infrontrowceremony,ourdistinguishedguestsarehomeabroad.年盧灣區(qū)一模30題12.followed_________(cause)andproperty.年閔行區(qū)一模35題13.havereportedlyleftandarestayinginshelters,________(await)and(2011浦東新區(qū)一模32題)14.Atsunami(嘯)occursseriesofwaves(know)a"wavetrain,"surges巨浪)canbefiveminutesorupapart.(2011年普陀區(qū)一模35題15.Seeingthewell(prepare)forfight,thegeneralnoddedwith年江區(qū)一模題)16.(make)throughexcitedcrowdinthethewomanwriterisbyagroupofadmirers.年山一模31題17.Inorderjump,bodychangesenergyinthefoodyouinto年定一模題18.Makingproperchoice______thewillmakedifferencein年虹口區(qū)一模39題16

realizing,for,Convinced,Believing,located,arguing,questioned,Seated,awaiting,prepared,Making,stored,concerning提高題（40%staircase,Ifollowedanditgoonforever.年長寧區(qū)一模33題)Newhouseincontinuingtorise,housingmarket.(2013年北區(qū)一模題Though________(warn)ofcosts,manyChineseparentshighschoolchildrenstudy.年閘北區(qū)一模題remembertogeteverybitofcriticismbetweentwolayersof(2013年楊浦區(qū)一模36題________(Be)hisforsuchatime,foundithardacceptordersfrom(2013年匯區(qū)一模33題SwedishinStockholmOctoberthatMoYanthe2012Nobelfor________(make)himtheChinesenationaltowinaward.(2013年江區(qū)一模32題________(initiate)by4promotioncampaignNov.Singles'day,seenthecompetitionChineseonlineretailers.(2013年江區(qū)一模39題’taskedonchairmanshipsociety,______(consider)insufficientlypopularwithmembers.(2013年陀區(qū)一模題)fromothercontinentsforofAustraliahasmanyandanimalsfoundinanyotherintheworld.年普陀區(qū)一模37題10.latest_______microblogispopularamongnetizens.年東新區(qū)一模30題11.AstronghitNewZealandIslandcityof______inthecitycenter.年行區(qū)一模35題)12.digitally________thesoundedatthatnight.年安區(qū)一模36題17

Notseeing,signaling,making,Initiated,Havingundertaken,、專題特點(diǎn)和學(xué)習(xí)方法現(xiàn)在分詞是高考中?？嫉囊环N語法形式，是非謂語動(dòng)詞的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，通常出現(xiàn)在語法新題型和翻譯中?？甲髯鞫ㄕZ狀語賓補(bǔ)足語的語法功能學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要了解現(xiàn)在分done,havingdone,havingbeendone）和過去分的基本形式done,done各形式的用法清楚；掌握現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的綜合區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。、解題技巧（1）高考中考察分詞主?？甲髯鞫ㄕZ、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。解題步驟可以概括為：謂非謂、找主語、析語態(tài)、定時(shí)態(tài)?？梢韵茸骶渥映煞址治龌蛘咄ㄟ^非謂語動(dòng)詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)的位置和附著規(guī)則①非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，句子或句子，非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語②主語，非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語，其他部分，作定語③語謂語賓語，非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動(dòng)詞為致使或是感覺感官動(dòng)詞，則為賓語補(bǔ)足語；若為其他動(dòng)詞則為語）判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中所充當(dāng)成分，來確定邏輯主語，找出主被動(dòng)關(guān)系，最后通過數(shù)軸法比較謂語動(dòng)詞跟謂語動(dòng)詞之間的先后順序確定時(shí)態(tài)。（2）一般來說，非謂語詞和其邏輯主語的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系是很容易根據(jù)生活常識來確定的，但是一些特殊動(dòng)詞存在“被動(dòng)形表主動(dòng)意”的用法，為了方便記憶，此處可以這樣總結(jié)。人的一生是這樣的過程：(with/in)broughtbefacedwith(面升學(xué)壓)bedeterminedbebeabsorbed/occupied/buried/wrappedupinbedelightedatwith(著找工作beemployedbepromotedbesurprisedbeengaged（marriedbe(devoted)tobewith此環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間在10分內(nèi)（以學(xué)生自我總結(jié)為主TR根教案中的總結(jié)進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)為輔，為本次課做一個(gè)總結(jié)回顧；總結(jié)方式可以18

多種多樣，如畫思維導(dǎo)圖、默想回憶、搶答形式等。教案中給到重難/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)等的總結(jié)條目現(xiàn)在分詞：過去分詞：本堂課內(nèi)容練習(xí)(歷年一二模匯編19

aviewitis!Weseemillionsofrowsofand__________C.rising________thoroughly,gardenthaneverB.beencleanedC.itcleanedD.itspeechtheministermadeteachersandconcernedB.concernedShanghainowincreasesthesupplyofsmallerhouses,low–incomefamiliesbuybeingaimedC.aiminghavingaimedHavenice”us,ineffect,enjoymomentandvalueveryremindsB.toremindC.remindingremindingTalkinggreetings,sometimesitonsexofpersonB.greeted’answere-mailsinformation,howeverofficiallook.B.torequestrequestedhavingrequestedalittlemoneyfrompocketmoney,AlicewasbuymotherlovelyToD.HavingsavedPeople_____silverorwhitecarstosufferseriousinjuryinacrash,comparedwithdriversdarkB.drivingC.drivenD.todrive10.parentsoftenprovideourchildrenwithmaterial____itforgrantedthatlikethings.takingC.totakeD.11.possibilitymurderpolicesetlookingforthecluestosuicide.20

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say：1-5CBDCDDADBA上海中學(xué)高二第一學(xué)期開學(xué)測試II.GrammarandVocabularyABeneatheachoffollowingtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CD.thatthesentence.Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme.A.whenthetakenisthesportsgoingtobeheldmeetbeginD.whenthemeetflieslikearrow,andtimelostC.neverreturnsD.isneverreturningIffactorythewillfishinitsoon.21

A.leftpollutingleftpollutingD.leavesWhatreallyflattersahimflattering.B.whethertriesfriendsfireA.whenB.asC.likeIhaveintomangenerosityyourclubexist.B.thatC.whichD.thisLearningisinstinctive,ofpleasuresofhumanrace.A.whichD.anyInthepastdecadehaveevertotheA.calculateC.becalculatedHeinsistedDr.TurnerinsteadofbecalledC.hisTheresomethingwithofcar,wegobytaxi.A.havingB.beingC.isAbeginsajobthatheisntgoinglikeitissureheisexhibitingwhichonlyhissuccess.A.convincesD.convincingandpowerful,andeachusmustouroutlookexpectations.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whenTherenodoubtthatitisfamilyandthehomeallthegreatestofhumansocietycreated,strengthened,maintained.C.whichintonewneedtobereadywiththeintuition,weopenandandarewillawonderfuljourney.22

D.Ifunhappinessbeenbythosepeoplewhohaveneveritmakethemselvesintowholeandharmoniouspersonalitiesthemselvescleanfinanciallyindependent.B.keepC.toD.keepingJusthisneverexpectedwomancallinghis20hisbirth.tobeC.thereisD.therebeenKeys:DCCABABBABCBADCABB.shapeC.justifiedD.contentAC.organizedAD.beneficialBC.positiveBD.senseNinetimesoftheirPhysicalaboutoutinthehotsun,runningaroundforreason.Perhapsinlowerleveleducation,childrenseeitasaofastheygrowolder’ssimplylookeduponainphysicalfromyoungageisveryimportantforandphysicalhealthofainintoadulthood,thushavingeffectprevalenceofobesity42illnessesinsociety.Physicalactivitybeenwithincreasedlifeinadultssoitsisobvious,butitsvaluesometimesto.Itearlyteaching45behaviorhabits;however,inmiddlebedevelopmentwheretheythinkliterallyandwillabsorbeverythingyouteach,doisthisdevelopmentthattheyaremostbehealthyeatinghabits,developexerciseandinterestinsports.Physicalactivityisthingsweallcanshoulddotokeepourbodyinhealthy.Thereconditions’tpillonbasiscabewithtinyinexercisingactivity48formentalphysicalhasalsoconsideredtoolexerciseatotaloftimeshouldunderstandexerciseitnotonlytoitteachesushowtobedisciplinedinhavebodyandoutcome.Todayweliveanwherewe23

unhealthyandbeveragesforain50greaterunhealthierandadults.Keys:ABACBCACBADBDEIII.AForblankinthefollowingthereorphrasesmarkedA,CD.FillinblankwiththeorphrasethatbesttheWiththeforengagementsineventsandarebeingtoattractWhileofinwithyoungerteens,findthemselveshaving___51___extremesbeingpresentedbysociety:toattendeventspressuredtotakejust”or___52___popularlegalagecurrentlybutillegaldrinkingageisaslowaszero.Mostpeoplefirstdrinktimethey13.Unbelievably,firstdrinkatroubledlife.Afewforteenspressure,enjoyment,___54___,sadness,boredom,rebellionandinsomnia.Butmainfordoingsois“___55___law.___56___withfromtheenterschool.ofhaveTeensfeelthoughthelegalageaalltryto___57___therestof“society.Being___58___notfollowingtheisanofa’onewantstofacethebeingadult.Despitethefactitlegalforteensalcohol,theyareitparents’liquor___59___clerks,orolderfriendswhoitforthem.AsallitnotforSincetheretobe___60___ofunderageinsociety,whythennotlowerDrinkingcanmake“”feelinglastsonlyonlikegetdrunkregularly,alcoholcause.oftendrinkingwillmoreanenergydrink;it’sadamagesthebrainandbody,forthistohappenatveryage,issaddening.Drinkingstimulatespoorlydecisionsby___64___,endupofTheyevengethurtorinaccidentsAcause

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D.alcoholallD.killedKeys:51-55BDBACDACBCCDBADA:Directions:followingfourpassages.Eachisfollowedquestionsunfinishedstatements.ForoftherechoicesA,andonefitsaccordinggiveninthepassageyouread.(A)MarthaKostyrainCity,NewJerseyonwhenin1961).Marthawaspharmaceutical制學(xué)的)salesmanwifeandateacher.andrequiredtheirchildrenhouseworkand.Marthatocookheralsolearnedgardeninghelpingherintheyard.inhighschoolbabysittingandorganizingchildren’wasbrightstudentandattendedCollegeinYorkcity.helpedpayforherschoolingjobs.withinHistoryArchitecturalHistory.graduatingfromcollege,Stewart.AftercollegesheandAndytraveledhadonlydaughternamedinTwo25

ShegotjobasastockbrokerinYorkCityandworkedforsixIn1971,MarthaAndycalledTurkeyHillinWestport,Afterquittingherrestoringoldfarmhouse.alsohowtoandbecameangourmetdayMarthatohercookingtestbyherownbusiness.Shecookedandbecameaandtelevisionappearances,became.InherbusinessShemagazinecalledMarthaStewartLiving,apopularandtelevisionshow.TheMarthabecameathatmillionsof.formedacompanyLivingOmnimedia.wasandtookthein1999,sellinginthecompany.Atoneherestimatedwealthnearlybillion.hadproductslikeK-Mart,’ShewithhometoStewartinspiredhomes.66.ababy-sittercatererD.home67.What‘business?jobsHergraduationfromC.ofarmhouse68.Theunderlinedphrase“tookpublic”isclosedinmeaning“”appearstockmarketpeopleC.theofwiththepublicSoldthewholecompanytothehighestbidderWhatispurposeofpassage?TointroduceMarthaAndy.TointroduceC.Toshowparents’in’26

Toimportanceofdoingjobs.Keys:DCAB(B)Therecryofrage,atennisrackettoground.anothermatchandinbesideHissisterSally,justolder,looksmotherrollshereyes:itiswinninghappening.Itisunusualitonewhypeoplearguecompetitionisforchildren.truththatcompetitivegamesareavaluablepreparationforadultlife.Gameswithwinnerslosersgivechildrenthechancetolife’sanddownsJake,forexample.Evenunhappywillprobablysmilinglaughingwithinaminutes,justlikethelastthishewilllearnworldnotendyouloseaEventually,evenwithface.ThisisanNoteverythinginthelike,anditisimportantknowhandledisappointmenttwhenitChildrenwhoparticipateincompetitivequalitiesallowthemsucceedinthecomplexadultlife.example,oneofofYouthOlympicGamesisinspiretoOlympicvalues,whichincludestriving,Determinationoptimism.createsdobetter.Childrentoinacompetitiveinordertotakeadvantageopportunitiesinthefuture.Althoughitpossiblewinbypeoplewhowinandkeepwinningtosuccess.Onnegativeside,therewillactuallyencouragessome,does.Itistosportscompetitioninwhichdesirewinhasdesiretohavefun.evenseeveryyoungchildrenplayingviolently----likesuperstarsonWhilethebadofyoungathletesistroubling,problemisnottheInreality,withtheprofessionalplayersbadroleforthesechildren.Infact,astudyofathletestheschoolofEducationWyominganinafterathleteswerelessdepressedtense.Ofcourse,thereparentswhoarguethatchildrenofJakeageareyounghandleoflikeitornot,verycompetitiveandkeepingcompetitionthemharmgood.Ifchildrendowillbycan.Itisanlife:orhundredthesamejob,therecanonlyone.Wouldntwanttoperson?preparechildrenfortheiradultlifeby_______27

themhandlelifeupsanddownsthemtosucceedthecomplexoflifeC.theirfeelingaboutworldHelpingwhentheydisappointed71.Youthisillustrate’intheirOlympicbepromotedamongC.Takingoffutureonetobetterbyworkingwinningcan72.reallycountsincompetitions4?ThedesirewinfunC.Animprovementin73.suggestsparentsthat_______shouldhandleoflosingChildrenknowthecompetitiveadultlifeC.shouldntawayfromcompetitionthejobKeys:(C)orspaceman?Adilemmaachildren’party,Butforeconomists,arguedKennethBoulding,Britisheconomist,anessaypublishedinWehaverunoureconomies,likeopentakingusingworldthatmoreoverthehorizon.ButEarthisathana—inspace,limitedsupplies.Weanofenvironmentallimits.Inhalf28

hisessay,tohischallenge.“Ecological,callthemselves,torevolutioniseitsaimsandassumptions.dothey—andwilltheirideaslift-off?ecologicalecologynoreconomics,butamixofboth.startingistorecognisethathumanworld.note,bothaofaforwastes.Butitignoredinconventionaltextbooks,whereneattracethebetweenandgovernmentthoughdidnotexist.aecologicalTheretwowaysecologicalpointthroughchange,intensiveresources.theformer,say,areofGDP,awhichnottakeofexhaustion,unpaidcountlessfactors.Initsplacetheyadvocate全的Indicator(GPI),acomposite復(fù)合指標(biāo)likecostpollution,accidents.Whilegrowing,inbymakingricher.TheHermanDaly,Worldeconomistis“”economy,whereuseofMainstreamareGPI,aAndtalkoflimitsgrowthhashadapresssincethedayscenturyclericwhooverpopulationwouldleadHumanfindtosomeofproblems.economistswarnagainstself-satisfaction.Inpaperinascientifichumanalreadysafeplanetaryonissuessuchasbiodiversity(生多樣性)andclimatethateconomistsarequestions,iftheiranswersoutbe74.Kennethcontentofhisessaybeginningthispassagearemeantto.outignorantofareblamebeingsfortheirexploitationofnatureC.tolimitsecologicalandeconomics75.Accordingtoecologicaleconomists,isexistinginconventionaltextbooks?andeconomicsaretogetherHumanisn’recognizedasnature29

C.Thebothresourcesandwastesconnectfirms,households76.anddatainhaswarnedGDPiscrudethatworthaccidentallmeansincludeC.llowingwillofeconomicsrevolutionizedandshouldbebothacceptedmainstreamC.HumancanfindtoannoyingproblemsEcologicaleconomistsworldareworthKeys:DBCDReadthefollowingpassageandsentencesfromthebelowforNotethereTWOsentences.Onebecamemorecoffe