【12套打包】精選天津市初三中考英語第一次模擬試題

中考英語第一次模擬測試試卷TOC\o"1-5"\h\z第一部分 選擇題 （三大題：共 38分）一、單項填空 （共10小題，每小題 0.5分；滿分 5分）從 A、B、C、D中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Birdshavegot ability.Theycansing.A.a B.an C.the D.（不填 ）Ihavea .Myparentscontroleverypartofmylife.A.question B.condition C.decision D.problemD.forD.agreewithD.until—Hi,Paul.Longtimenosee.What’snew? —IwonfirstprizeD.forD.agreewithD.untilA.at B.in C.onThegirlfearstodanceinpublicbecauseshethinksothersmay her.A.hearof B.waitfor C.laughatThechildkeptstill shewashavingahaircut.A.while B.after C.beforeTheman thewallettothepolice.Hewashonest.A.hasreturnedB.returns C.willreturnPutonmoreclothes.YouTheman thewallettothepolice.Hewashonest.A.hasreturnedB.returns C.willreturnPutonmoreclothes.You feelcoldwithonlyashirton.A.wouldn’t B.must C.can’tThishillis trees.Thesetreesarehometomanyanimals.A.tiredof B.afraidof C.fullof—Oh,Iplayedbadly.— .Justtryyourbest.You’lldobetter.A.Don’tworryB.I’msorry C.AllrightD.returnedD.couldD.carefulofD.I’mafraidso—Hello!IsthatJennyspeaking?—Sorry,I’mafraidyou’vegotthewrong A.address B.nameC.number D.messageA.address B.nameC.number D.messageB.whoImeettodayD.whoImettodayYouwillnotbelieveB.whoImeettodayD.whoImettodayA.whodidImeettodayC.whodoImeettoday完形填空（共 15小題，每小題 1分；滿分 15分）A、B、C、D中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。PeoplecallwillRestallahero.The11-year-oldstudentfromTollandMiddleSchoolinConnecticut,US,__11__hisbusdrivergetemergency（緊急）medicaltreatment.Willwastakingtheschoolbustogotoschoolone__12__.Likemostoftheotherstudents,Willwasplayingavideogame__13__hisphone.Hehadtowaitabouttenminutesto__14__thebusandgointotheschool.__15__thenheheardaloudnoise.Helookeduptoseewhat__16__.Hesawthatthebusdriverwasnolongersittinginthe__17__seat-shehadpassedoutandcollapsed（暈倒）onthebus'stairs.Will__18__hissea,gotthetwo-wayradio（對講機）inthe__19__ofthebusandreportedthatthedriverwashurt.Theradiosareon__20__bus.Will’frsiendscouldhearhimreportingtheemergency.Soon,__21__busdriverandanambulance（救護車 ）arrivedtohelp.Whentheygotthere,thebusdriverwas__22__andsittingup,butnotspeaking.Theytookthedrivertothehospital.Willand__23__elseonthebuswenttoclass.Willwasabletoact__24__becauseofthebussafetytraininghereceivedlastyear.Localbusdriversshowthestudents__25__tousethetwo-wayradioseveryyear.Theyteachthemtousetheradiosinemergencysituations.11.A.sentB.pushedC.lostD.helped12.A.afternoonB.morningC.eveningD.noon13.A.inB.onC.toD.at14.A.getoffB.takeupC.getonD.takein15.A.AndB.OrC.ButD.So16.A.showedB.appearedC.happenedD.arrived17.A.driver’sB.student’sC.passenger’sD.teacher’s18.A.cleanedB.threwC.jumpedD.left19.A.frontB.bottomC.topD.back20.A.bothB.eitherC.allD.each21.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.theothers22.A.silentB.awakeC.deadD.asleep23.A.everythingB.someoneC.somethingD.everyone24.A.quicklyB.freelyC.stronglyD.happily25.A.whatB.howC.whichD.where三、閱讀理解 （共12題，每題 1.5分；滿分18分）AWheredoesHarryPottercomefrom?He'sfromtheUnitedKingdom,anislandcountryinWesternEurope.Itisanamazingcountrywithalonghistoryandrichculture.ManypeoplethinkoftheQueenElizabethIIwhenaskedwhattheythinkabouttheUK.Thoughsheisaqueen,shedoesn'tactuallyrunthecountry.Theroyal（皇室的）familyhaslittlerealpower.PeopleintheUKareproudoftheirliterature（文學(xué)）.TherearemanygreatBritishwriters.WilliamShakespeareisprobablythemostfamousone.Hiswritingisover400yearsoldandisabitdifficulttoread.Buthisplaysteachimportantvalues.That'swhytheyaresopopular.Britishmusic,moviesandTVshowsareenjoyedbypeopleallovertheworld.BandsliketheBeatles,theRollingStonesandLedZeppelinhavehadahugeinfluenceonmodern-daymusicians.TheJamesBondfilms,aswellasTVshowslikeSherlockandDowntonAbbey,aremanypeople'sfavourites.AlthoughQueenElizabethIIisaqueenintheUK..HarryPottercreatestheamazingcountrymanypeoplethinkofherveryunhappyshehaslittlerealpowertomanagethecountytheroyalfamilyactuallycontrolthecountryFromthetext,weknowthatWilliamShakespeare'splaysteachpeopleA.usefulhistoryB.importantvaluesC.popularmusicD.difficultwordsWhichofthefollowingistherightmatchaccordingtothetext?A.DowntonAbbeyfawriterB.LedZeppelinfafilmC.JamesBondfaband D.SherlockfaTVshowWhichofthefollowingmapsshowstherightpositionoftheUnitedKingdom?BWhat'sthebestplacetovisitin2019?MaybeyoushouldsetoffforSouthAsia.LonelyPlanethaspickedSriLanka（斯里蘭卡）asthebestcountrytovisitthisyear.Eversincea30-yearwarendedin2009,travelinSriLankahasbecomemucheasier.Thisisthemainreasonwhythesmallislandcountrytoppedthisyear'slist,accordingtoMattPhilips,authoratLonelyPlanet.Onethingyoucan'tmissinSriLankaistea.SriLankaisknownforproducingsomeoftheworld'sfinestteas.Teatoursarepopularthere.Youcanvisitsomeofthecountry'soldestteafactoriesandenjoythetea-makingprocess.Sidebysidewiththeteafields,youmayseeBaddhisttemples（佛寺）thatwerebuiltthousandsofyearsago.Actually,SriLankaishometosomeofworldsoldestcities.AnuradhapuraandSigiriyabothhaveamazingancientruins（遺跡）.Legendarytempleslieincavesoronmountaintops.Therearealsocolonialfortresses（殖民地時期的要塞工includingGalleandTrincomalee.SriLanka'stravelproductshavebecomemoredifferentinrecentyears,accordingtoPhilips.Inadditiontobothholidays,youcanalsochoosevisitnationalparkstoseeelephants,leopardsandwaterbuffaloes.It'salsogreatforfoodies--SriLankahaseverythingyouwanttoeat,"Philipsadded.Thebesttitletodescribethemainideaofthetextis”.A.World'soldestcitiesB.A30-yearwarC.SriLankaismoredifferentD.SriLankahaslotstoofferWhathappenedtoSriLankain2009accordingtothetext?A.Itbecamethebestcountrytovisit. B.Teatoursbecamemorepopular.C.A30-vearwarwasover. D.Travelbecameharder.32.IfyougototheteafieldsinSriLanka,youcanalsosee.A.SigiriyaB.AnuradhapuraC.colonialfortressesD.BuddhisttemplesWhatdoestheunderlinedword"foodies"inthelastparagraphmeaninChinese?A.食品B.美食家 C.成品 D.加工廠CInventionshavethepowertochangeourworld.Everyyear,Timemagazinesharesitsbestinventionsoftheyear.Wehavechosentwoofthemforyoutocheckout.3D-printedhousesforhomelesspeopleAbout1.2billion（十億）peopleintheworlddonthaveaproperhousetolivein.But3D-printedhousesmayhelptosolvethisproblem.ThecompanyICONinAustincanprinta60-quare-meterhouseinonly12to24hours.Thewallsofthehousearemadeofaspecialcement（水泥）thatlookslikecream.Later,workerscanmakethewallsstronger.Eachhousewillcostjust$10,000（about69,000yuan）.IronMansuit（鋼鐵俠戰(zhàn)衣）HaveyoueverdreamedofflyinglikeIronMan?ThissuitmadebyaBritishcompanymaymakeyourdreamscometrue.Whenwearingthesuit,peoplecantakeoffandflyjustlikeIronMan.Thesuitispoweredbyfiveminiengines（引擎）.Itcanreachatopspeedof80kmanhour.That'snearlyasfastasacar.Butthereisalongwaytogobeforethistechnologycanbeusedbyeveryone.Thesuitisquiteexpensive-onerecentmodelsoldfor$440,000（about3millionyuan）.It'salsoquiteloud.Itsinventorshopetoimproveitinthefuture.Wherecanweprobablyknowaboutthebestinventionsoftheyear?FromIronManfilmsFromTimemagazine.FromaBritishcompany.FromthecompanyICONHowlongdoesthecompanyICONprobablyspendprintinga60-square-meterhouseatmost?11hours12hours.24hours25hoursPeoplewhowearIronMansuitcantakeoffandflybecause .theirdreamshavecometruetheyreallylooklikeIronManfiveminienginesgivethesuitpowertheIronMansuitisasfastasacarOneofthereasonswhytheIronMansuitneedsimprovingisthat .itcanbeusedbyeveryoneitneedsmuchmoneytomakeonerecentmodelsoldfor$440.000thereisalonganddifficultwaytogo第二部分 非選擇題 （四大題；共 62分）四、閱讀回答（共 5小題，每小題 2分；滿分 10分）閱讀短文，然后根據(jù)內(nèi)容回答所提問題。TommyWalker,ajuniorhighschoolstudent,wrotetotheschoolcounsellor（顧問）,MsWang,abouthisproblems.21NovemberDearMsWang.I'maGrade9student.Ihavealotofprojectstodothisyear,soIgooutalot.SometimesIdon'tgethomeuntilverylate.Also,Igetalotofphonecallsfrommyclassmateswhenwe'replanningourprojects.However,myfatherthinksI'mjustgoingoutandhavingfun.Hehasscolded(責(zé)備)memanytimesforcominghomelate.Itrytotellhimit'sbecauseofalltheworkIhave,buthedoesn'tseemtobelieveme.He'ssaidthathe'llreducemypocketmoneyifIdon'tcomehomeearlier.WhatshouldIdo?Yoursincerely,TommyWalker38.Whenwastheletterwritten?39.WhatgradeisTommyWalkerin?40.WhodidTommyWalkerwritetheletterto?.WhydoesTommy'sfatherscoldhim?HasTommy'sfathercuthispocketmoney?五、閱讀填空(共7小題，每小題1分；滿分7分)閱讀短文，然后用短文括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。WhydoChinesepeopleinthepastorevensometimestodaycalltheirsonsQuanzi”(dogson")?Beingmodest(謙遜的)andkeepingalowprofile(保持彳氐調(diào))isakeypartofChineseculture.Chinese__43__(believe)thatdogsarehumble(卑微的)animals.WhenChineseparentsuseQuanzi“torefertotheirsons,theyarebeingmodest.__44__(sure),mostparentsdohavehighexpectationsfortheir__45__(child)andwantthemtobesuccessful.However,theydon'tusuallytalkaboutthisinfrontofothers.Instead,theytry__46__(play)itdown.ThisissimilartohowevenrichChinesepeoplecalltheirbighousesHanshe”,whichmeansmyhumblehome".AlthoughChinesepeoplearemodestabout__47__(them),theycompliment(恭維)othersalot.Theycalltheirownsons “Quanzi”,but48__(othiec)lasions,whichisa"49__(respect)waytosayyourson".Whenpeoplewanttocomplimentbothafatherandason,theysayAtigerfatherdoesnotraiseadogson:.六、綜合閱讀(共10小題，每小題2分；滿分20分)閱讀短文，然后安要求完成第 50—59小題ALastweekinGeographyclass,welearntthatifalltheiceintheNorthandSouthPolesamelted,sealevelaroundtheworldwould(A)goup,andmanycitieswouldbefloodedanddisappear.Itstartedtoworryme.Whatwouldhappenifourcitywasbadlyflooded?Wouldanyone(B)keep_alive?Lastnight,Idreamtaboutagreatflood:Itwasnineo'clockinthemorning.Mybedroomfloorwasapoolofwater.Ilookedoutofthewindow.Waterwaseverywhere.Itcoveredroads,parksandsmallhouses.Largeobjects,suchascoachesandboats,passedbymywindow.Theywerefloatinginthewater.Icouldnotjuststandthere!Ihadtodo(C)!Itriedtocallmydad,butthelinewasdead.Mycomputerwasstillworking,so(D)Isenthimanemail.Iwrote,Dad,there'safood!Whatshouldwedo?”Hesentmeanemailbackwhichsaid,Kevin,mybosshasgivenmesomework.Itisimportanttostickwithit.Ican 't(E)tositaroundandworryabouttheflood.”ThenIemailedmybestfriend.Whatshouldwedoabouttheflood?”Iasked.Myfriendreplied,(F)我沒有時間考慮洪水，I'mplayingcomputergames...”.寫出畫線部分(A)和(B)的同義詞或近義詞：.在(C)和(E)的空白處分別填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~：.將畫線部分(D)改寫為：Anemailsenthimbyme..將畫線部分(F)翻譯成英語： .從文中找出在水中的兩樣交通工具：BWhatareyourfamilytraditions?Thefollowinginformationcomesfromseveralreaders:JARED:Onceamonth,wehavemovieandpizzanight.(A)我們一起輪流挑詵電影看 It'sfunbecauseIwatchsomethingmyparentslike,andtheywatchsomethingIlike.Mymotherlikesoldblackandwhitemovies,soIseealotofthem!Wealsomakepieandeat(B)it_infrontoftheTVDANNI:OnthefirstSaturdayofeverymonth,wegoouttoeattogether.Myfamilyisreallybusy.Wehavealargefamily,andit'snot(C)foreveryonetogettogetheratthesametime.Onthatday,wegotoanicerestaurantandwetalkandtalkandtalk.SUZIE:EveryFridaynight,wehavegamesnight.Afterdinner,wegotothelivingroomandplayaboardgame,suchasScrabbleorMonopoly.Wehaveaboutsevendifferentonesweplay,butweonlyplayonegameanight.Iplantokeepthistraditionafter(D)Istartmyownfamily.ROB:Everyyear,(E)Mother'sDay,Imakebreakfastformymother.Igetupearlyandmakesomethingspecial,suchasamushroomomeletwithfruitsalad.ThenIputitonatraywithanewspaperandaflower,andbringittomymotherforbreakfastinbed.Shealwaysactssurprised,butIdoiteveryyear..將畫線部分（A）譯成英語： .文中畫線部分（B）指代的是：.在（C）和（E）的空白處分別填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~：.將畫線部分（D）改寫為：I myownfamily..從文章中找出能說明本文主旨大意的短語： 七、閱讀與表達（共2節(jié)，A節(jié)5分，B節(jié)20分；滿分25分）A）閱讀短文，然后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容從方框中選出可以填入空白處的短語。alittleslowEnglishfoodformegetthere7:40p.m.

ExcellentEnglishfoodattheCountryHouseLastSaturdaynight,myfamilyandIateattheCountryHouse.TheCountryHouseservestraditional .Wepaidabout15to20poundsapersontoeatthere.Thefoodwaswonderful.Thefishpieremindedmeofmygrandma.Sheusedtocookit .Ialsohadsomefishandchips,anditwasfantastic.Thewaiterswerepolite,but .Wewereseatedat7a.m.,butwedidnotreceiveourfooduntil .IwouldcertainlyrecommendtheCountryHouseforgood,traditionalEnglishfood.However,youshould earlyandbepreparedtospendalotoftimewaitingforyourfood.B）讀完Doris的餐館點評，你一定會隊在餐館吃飯有自己的感想，請你以"Eatingatarestaurantisathome”為題寫篇短文?！疽蟆?:.確定主題 ,說明原因；.圍繞主題，進行敘述或闡述；.詞數(shù) :80-100。【注意】 :.補全標(biāo)題 （參考詞匯 :moreconvenientthan,asgoodas,morecomfortablethan,noisierthan,lessconvenientthan,moreexpensivethan等）；.可以使用親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事 ,也可以闡述具體觀點；.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié) ,以使行文連貫；.短文的開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；.作文中不要出現(xiàn)考生和相關(guān)人物的真實校名和姓名。Eatingatarestaurantis athomeWiththedevelopmentofsociety,moreandmorepeoplelikeeatingatarestaurant.Inmyidea,eatingatarestaurant...參考答案參考答案5BDBCA155BDBCA15DBBAC26—29CBDA38.On21November39.Grade96—10DBCAD16—20CADAD30—33DCDB21—25CBDAB34—37BCCB.MsWang/Theschoolcounsellor.Forcominghomelate.No.believe 44.Surely 45.children 46.toplay47.themselves 48.others’ 49.respectful50.rise;stay51.something,afford52.was,to53.Ihavenotimetothinkabout/considertheflood54.coaches,boats.Wetaketurnstopickamovietowatchtogether.thepie.easy/simple,on58.setup59.familytraditionsEnglishfoodformealittleslow7:40p.m.getthere中考英語第一次模擬測試試卷一、單項填空（共6分，每小題0.5分）從下列各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項?！狪sthisbookyours,Lily?-No,it'not.A.hers B.his C.mine D.yoursMr.FengarrivedinBeijingthemorningofMay5th.A.on B.in C.for D.atPutonyourcoat,youwillgetcold.A.or B.so C.but D.and一doyouoftendoexercise?-Iwanttokeepfit.A.How B.Where C.When D.Why一youliketodrinksometea?—Yes,please.Thanksverymuch.A.would B.can C.might D.must—Whichcitydoyouthinkis,NewYorkorLondon?—London.A.interesting B.moreinterestingC.mostinteresting D.themostinterestingCathyisateacher.She toAfricatoteachEnglisheverysummer.A.goes B.went C.isgoing D.willgo—WhereisJack?—Hewithhisfatherinthepark.A.plays B.played C.isplaying D.willplayTominBeijingfortenyears.A.lived B.haslived C.lives D.willliveWeTVwhenitstartedraininglastnight.A.watch B.watched C.willwatch D.werewatchingShijingshanJoyCity in2020.A.builds B.willbuild C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt—Mum,couldyoutellme?—Nextweek.A.whendadcomesback B.whendoesdadcomebackC.whendadwillcomeback D.whenwilldadcomeback二、完形填空（共8分，每小題1分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中， 選擇最佳選項。TakingCareofThings“You'regoingtobealoneonthefarmthisweekend, "myfathersaidasthoughthat\bigdeal."Iexpectyoutotakecareofit. ”Ihadneverbeenleftaloneonourfarm,butIknewthatIcoulddealwithjustaboutanythingthatmightcomeup.Iwasreadyto13thattomydad.Assoonasmydadleftonhistrip,Iheadedouttocheckonourcowsinthebarn（谷倉）.IsawLoretta,mydad'sfavouritecow,eatingapples.JustafterIleftthebarn,IheardasoundI 'dneverheardbefore.Iranquicklybackandfoun（Lorettadownonherfrontknees,eyesrolledback,lookingasthoughshewasaboutto14.Sheseemedtohaveahardtimebreathing.Iknewrightawaythatshe 'dfegotanappstuckinherthroat.Itriedtoforcetheappleoutbut15,soIrantocallourvet（獸醫(yī)），Dr.Carrico.WhenDr.Carricoarrived,hefeltaroundherneck16thesituation.Hetoldmetogethimtwoboards.Finally,Lorettaswallowed（咽下）theapple.Loretta,wasnowfreetobreathe.“Didyourdadleaveyoutoseeaboutthings? ”askedDr.Carrico. "Yes,sir.easy.17,youknowwhentocallforhelp.”Ithoughtaboutnottellingmydadaboutwhathadhappened,but18thatstupidideainahurry,sincehewasnotamanyoukeptthingsfrom.AfterItoldhim,hedidnreactmuch,justkeptsaying, “Hmm,Isee."alot.IguessedrhmwasveryHowever,whentwoweekslaterLorettahadherbaby,myfatheraskedmetonameit.Thatsurprisedmebecausehealwaysnamedthebabycowsbyhimself.Ilookedathimin20.Hesmiledatmeandsaid, "She'yosirs.Takegoodcareofher.hesaidasthoughhetrustedIcoulddothat.IthoughtalotandfinallycalledthebabycowApple.

13.A.leaveB.proveC.explainD.introduce14.A.cryB.eatC.runD.die15.A.failedB.stoppedC.movedD.relaxed16.A.changingB.studyingC.protectingD.ignoring17.A.LuckilyB.SadlyC.ProudlyD.Naturally18.A.forgotB.acceptedC.droppedD.shared19.A.interestedB.surprisedC.pleasedD.disappointed20.A.respectB.secretC.regretD.wonder閱讀理解（共36分）三、閱讀理解（共26分，每小題2分）A、A、B、C、D四個選項ANatureinArtManyartistspaintandusenatureintheirworks,buttheresultsareverydifferent.Herearefourofthem.StanislawWitkiewiczStanislawWitkiewiczwasbornin1885inZakopane,Poland.Hediedin1939.ManypeoplelikeWitkiewicz'paintingsofnatureandlandscapes（M景）.Hepaintedthisonein1907.ItshowstheHinczowLakesinsouthPoland.GingerRileyMunduwalawalaInthepast,Aboriginal（原始的）peoplepaintedpicturesofnatureonrocks.Modernaboriginalartistsalsopaintnature.ThiscolorfulpaintingbyGingerRileyMunduwalawala（1937—2002）showshills,rivers,birdsandkangaroos.AndoHiroshigeJapaneseartisfamousforlandscapepaintings.Youcanoftenseetheseaandsky,themountains,andtrees.AndoHiroshige,oneofJapan'mostfamousartists,madeandsoldthousandsofbeautifulprintsinhislifetime,buthediedpoor.DamienHirstDamienHirstistherichestartistinEngland.Heisapainter,butheismorefamousforartwithanimals.Inoneroomofagallery,heputlotsoffruitandrealbutterflies.Theyflewaroundthevisitors.

C.In1937.C.In1937.D.In1939.C.Japan.D.England.B.GingerRileyMunduwalawala.D.DamieHirst.BA.In1885. B.In1907.WhereisAndoHiroshigefrom?A.Poland. B.Australia.Whoisfamousforartwithanimals?A.StanislawWitkiewicz.C.AndoHisroshige.Manyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmayactuallybeanaddiction（上癮）.Whenweeatordrinksugaryfoods,thesugarentersourbloodandinfluencespartsofourbrainthatmakeusfeelgood.Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,leavinguswantingmore.Alltastyfoodsdothis,butsugarhasaparticularlystrongeffect.Inthisway,itisinfactaddictive,anddoctorssuggestweallcutdownonit.“ItseemslikeeverytimeIstudyanillness,Ifindmywaybacktosugar, ”RichardJohnson.One-thirdofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressure（血壓）,andupto347millionhavediabetes（糖尿病）.Why?“Sugar,webelieve,isoneofthereasons,ifnotthemainreason,”saysJohnson.Ourbodiesaredesignedtosurviveonverylittlesugar.Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,soourbodieslearnedtokeepsugarasfat.Inthisway,wehadenergystoredforwhentherewasnofood.Buttoday,mostpeoplehavemorethanenough.Sotheverythingthatoncesavedusmaynowbekillingus.Sowhatisthesolution?It ’sobviousthatweneedtoeatlesssugar.Thetroubleis,intodayworld,it’sextremelydifficulttoavoid.Frombreakfastcerealstoa-fdteinrnerdesserts,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit.Somemanufacturers（制造商）evenusesugartoreplacetasteinfoodsthatareadvertisedaslowinfat.Thismaymakethefoodappearashealthier,butlargeamountsofsugarareoftenadded.Buttherearethosewhoarefightingbackagainstsugar.Manyschoolsareofferingmorefruitinsteadofdeserts.Otherschoolsarebuildingfacilitiesforstudentstodoexercise.Thebattlehasnotyetbeenlost.Whyissugaraddictive?Itmakesusfeelgoodandwantmoreofit.Ithasastrongeffectonourblood.Tastyfoodsarefullofsugar.Thereissugarinmedicine.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitsohardtoavoidsugar?Welikecandytoomuch.Itgivesusneededenergy.Itisinsomanyfoodsanddrinks.Wegetusedtoeatingitatschool.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Waystoavoidsugar.Ouraddictiontosugar.Illnessescausedbysugar.Goodsugarandbadsugar.CTheTeenageBrainParents,teachers,andotherswhodealcloselywithteenagersknowhowdifficulttheadolescent（青少年的）yearscanbe.Thiswasthoughttobeduetothe “foolishnessofyoutNow,brain-imagingtechnologyallowsscientiststostudythephysicaldevelopmentofthebraininmoredetailsthaneverbefore.Theirdiscoverieshaveledanewtheoryofwhyteensactthisway.Recently,scientistshavediscoveredthatthoughourbrainsarealmostattheirfullsizebytheageofsix,theyarefarfromfullydeveloped.Onlyduringadolescencedoourbrainstrulyup.”Duringthistime,theygothroughgreatchanges,likeacomputersystembeingupgraded.This“upgrade”wasoncethoughttobefinishedbyaboeu1t2a.gNowscientistshavefoundthatourbrainscontinuetochangeuntilage25.Suchchangesmakeusbetteratbalancingimpulses（沖動）withfollowingrules.Butastill-developingbraindoesthisclumsily（笨拙地）.Theresult,scientistsbelieve,istheunpredictablebehaviorseeninteenagers.Thestudiesshowthatteensaremorelikelytotakerisks.Luckily,thenewsisn'altbad.AsbrainscientistB.J.Caseypointsout,theteenbraininspiressuchbehaviorinordertohelpteensprepareforadultlife.Onewaythebraindoesthisisbychangingthewayteensmeasureriskandreward（回報）.Researchershavefoundthatwhenteensthinkaboutrewards,theirbrainsreleasemoreofthechemicalsthatcreatepleasure.Researchersbelievethismakestherewardsseemmoreimportantthantherisks,andmakesteensfeeltheexcitementofnewexperience.Researchintothestructureoftheteenbrainhavealsofoundthatitmakessocialconnectionseemespeciallyrewarding.Assuch,teenshaveastrongneedtomeetnewpeople.Becauseitisstilldeveloping,ateenbraincanchangetodealwithnewsituations.Soitconnectssocialrewardswithevenmorepleasure.Inthisway,thebrainencouragesteenstohaveawidecircleoffriends,whichisbelievedtomakethemmoresuccessfulinlife.Unluckily,thisneedforgreaterrewardscansometimesleadteenstomakebaddecisions.However,italsomeansthatteensaremorelikely,andlessafraid,totrynewthingsortobeindependent.Andinthelongrun,theimpulsesoftheteenbrainarewhathelpteensleavetheirparents'careandlivetheirownlifesuccessfully.AccordingtoParagraph2,whathavethescientistsdiscoverednow?Achangingbrainhelpsfollowtherules.Ourbrainsfinishupgradingbyageoftwelve.Ourbrainsarefullydevelopedbytheageofsix.Adevelopingbraincancauseunpredictablebehaviors.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.teenagersshouldlearnfromtheirbaddecisionsmanyteenagersareabletochangetheirbehaviorsthewaytheteenbrainworksmakesthemlessafraidtheimpulsesofateenagebrainshouldbecontrolledWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Theteenbrainmakesriskslessexciting.Theimpulseofteenbraincanbenefitteenagers.Teenagerswithmorefriendsaremoresuccessful.Teenagersmakewrongdecisionsbecauseoftheirbrain.DItisquiteobviousthatthereareseriousdifferencesinsleeppatterns（模式）indifferentpartsoftheworld,andthatsleeppatternshavealsochangedovertime.Traditions,culturalvaluesandlocalconditionsandenvironmentsallhaveaneffectonsleeppracticesandattitudes.Onemaincauseofthesedifferencesisthewidespreaduseofman-madelight,whichhasledtobigchangesinsleeppatternsintheindustrializedworld.Itisthoughtthattodaywesleepatleastanhourlesseachnightthanwasjustacenturyago,andprobablyseveralhourslessthanbeforeindustrializationandelectricity.Accordingtosomestudies,man-madelightinghasencouragedpeopletogotobedlaterandhavemonophasicsleep,ratherthanpolyphasicsleep（多階段睡眠）whichisthemorebroken-upsleeppatterns.Duringthelongnightsofthewintermonths,ourprehistoricancestorsmayhavebrokensleepupintotwoormoreparts,separatedbyanhourortwoofquietrestfulness.Innomadic（游牧的）societies,eventoday,itismorecommonforpeopletohavethiskindofpolyphasicsleep,sleepingonandoffthroughoutthedayornight,dependingonwhatishappening.Evenwithinthedevelopedworld,thereareconsiderabledifferencesinsleeppatterns.Astudycarriedoutintencountriesin2002showedsomeoftheseregional（地區(qū)的）differences.Forexample,whilethegeneraltimethestudyparticipantssleptwasabout7.5hoursanight,theresultsfromdifferentcountriesdifferedfrom6hours53minutesinJapanto8hours24minutesinPortugal.Over42%ofBrazilianstookregularafternoonnaps（午睡）,comparedtoonly12%ofJapanesepeople.AdaytimeshortsleepornapiscommonplaceamongadultsinmanyMediterraneancountries.Spain,inparticular,hasraisedthenapalmosttothelevelofanartform,although,inthebusymodernworld,itislessubiquitousthanitoncewas.NapsarealsocommoninpartsofAfricaandChina.Itisclear,then,thatthereareculturalandhistoricaldifferencesintheamountofsleepwegetandthewaywegetit.Yetonethingisforsure:theneedforsufficientsleep,howeverwemaydefinethis,isuniversalandunchanging.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout.peoplesleepmuchlesstodaythanacenturyagoman-madelightinghasinfluencedsleeppatternsman-madelightingwasintroducedintoourworldpeoplewereencouragedtohavepolyphasicsleepWecanlearnfromthestudy