初中英語定語從句講解4與練習(xí)學(xué)案(含答案)

初中英語定語從句講解與練習(xí)學(xué)案一.定語從句的理解：用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞稱為 定語：atallbuildingthebookonthedeskanythingimportantthegirlinred如果定語是句子，便稱為定語從句。Iknowthegirl.Thegirlisinred.（兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句） —Iknowthegirlwhoisinred.（定語從句）被修飾的詞是。這個(gè)詞就稱為先行詞。其中連接兩個(gè)句子的是,稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞在從句中指代先行詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，觀察上句，關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)。附：關(guān)系詞與先行詞的關(guān)系：關(guān)系詞和先行詞密切相關(guān)，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞用來 指代先行詞，并且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分 。定語從句中常用的關(guān)系詞有：關(guān)系代詞 who/whom（先行詞表示人）which（先行詞表示物）that/whose（先行詞表示人或物）關(guān)系代詞在從句中可充當(dāng)主語，賓語或定語；關(guān)系副詞when（表示時(shí)間） where（表示地點(diǎn)） why（表示原因）關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。結(jié)論：關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用 ：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分二.按關(guān)系詞種類學(xué)習(xí)(一)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句who指人，在從句中做主語。⑴TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用 who代替，可省略。Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語)that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)(3)Isthisthedoctorthat(whom)youtalkedaboutyesterday?這就是你們昨天談?wù)摰哪俏会t(yī)生嗎？(4)Theletterthat(which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.昨天我收到的信是我父親寄來的。whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注：whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that的用法(1)只能用that而不用which作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況(a)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,all 等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that,不用which。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil. 所需的只是供油問題。(b)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thelast,just 修飾時(shí)，只用that。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我想買的字典。(c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用 that,不能用which。.ThisisthefirstEnglishmoviethatIhaveeverseen.這是我曾看過的第一部英文電影。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過的最好的書。(d)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。(e)當(dāng)主句以Therebe?結(jié)構(gòu)開頭時(shí)，或關(guān)系代詞在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中作實(shí)義主語，先行詞為物。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearetwobooksonhistorythatareforyou.(f)主句的主語是疑問詞 who/which時(shí)。Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished. 誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰.(2)不用that的情況(a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。Thenecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.你送給我做禮物的項(xiàng)鏈昨天丟了。Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興(錯(cuò))Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(b)介詞后不能用。注：介詞 +關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞后只能用which或whom。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.=Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.關(guān)系代詞一覽表關(guān)系代詞指代引導(dǎo)的從句在從句中的作用例句who人限制性，非限制性主語，賓語ThisisthescientistwhocamefromLondon.Isthisthefamoussinger(who/whom)youtalkedaboutyesterday?whom人限制性，非限制性賓語Sheisastudent(who/whom)weshouldlearnfrom.她是一個(gè)我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。whose人的物的限制性，非限制性定語Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarbrokedown.他們跑過去幫助那個(gè)汽車拋錨的人。HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic”,whoseleadingactorisworldfamous?注：使用關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose時(shí)注息的幾方回關(guān)系代詞的 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)不 Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?省略能省略，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。who既可作主語，也可作賓語，而whom只能作賓語。他就是那個(gè)想見你的人嗎？Heistheman(who/whom)Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天看見的那個(gè)人。whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/ ofwhichthe+n.whose既可以指“人的”，也可以指“物的”。指“物的”時(shí)，能與ofwhich互換，而且ofwhich既可置于名詞之前，也可置于名詞之后，且名詞之前必須后定冠詞the。Thereisamountainwhosetop/thetopofwhich/ofwhichthetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.有一座山頂常年被雪覆蓋的山。(二)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語 關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=forwhich where=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間。在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語也可做連接詞用⑴IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.［了解］表示時(shí)間“time”一詞的定語從句只用 when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然記得我第一次見到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstriphebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。每一次他去出差，他帶來了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。why指原因 在定語從句中做原因狀語⑴Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的“介詞 +關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞 when,where和why互換。(1)Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewenttoschool,hebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedourclub.關(guān)系副詞指代在從句中的作用例句when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(=at/in/on+which)Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwemovedintoournewhouse.(when=onwhich)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(=at/in/on+which)BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.(where=inwhich)北京是我出生的地方。why原因原因狀語(=forwhich)Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?(why=forwhich)這是他拒絕我們幫助的原因嗎？Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,關(guān)系副詞用法一覽表

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇要看先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分：如果作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞；如果作主that/whichIspentwithyouonthefarm.（關(guān)系代詞作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇要看先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分：如果作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞；如果作主I1lneverforgetthedayspent的賓語）whenIworkedwithyouonthefarm.（關(guān)系副詞作時(shí)間狀語，when=onwhich）that/whichmakesbikes.（關(guān)系代詞作定語從句的主語 ）語、賓語、表語，則用Heworksinthefactorywherebikesaremade.(關(guān)系副詞在句中作地點(diǎn)狀關(guān)系代詞，不能只看先行詞是什么。where=inwhich）關(guān)系代詞，不能只看先行詞是什么。that/whichheexplainedtous.（關(guān)系詞作explained的賓語）使用定語從句需要注意的問題:(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常省whyhewaslate.（使用定語從句需要注意的問題:(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常省whyhewaslate.（關(guān)系副詞作原因狀語，why=forwhich）如：Theplay（which）Iwatchedjustnowhad_beenontwiceonChannel3.我剛才看的那個(gè)戲劇在 3頻道上已上演了兩次。（2）當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，「who,that,which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。 J如：Thisisthehouse（that/which）welivedin-lastyear.=Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear. 這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。Pleasetellmetheperson（who/whom）youborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.=PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。三、跟蹤練習(xí)（一）用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每組兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Hewillgiveusatalktomorrow.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.

Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemethebooklastweek.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.（二）用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空Thehouse weliveinisverybig.Theboy iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.Thisisthepresent hegavemeformybirthday.Theman talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools hehadvisited.Thereisnothingintheworld canfrightenhim.Shewearsagoldring, isveryuncommoninourclass.Wevisitedafactory makestoysforchildren.Isthistheplace yourfatheroncelived?I’llneverforgetthedays IjoinedtheLeague.Helikestoreadbooks arewrittenbyforeignwriters.Those wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.Theprofessor youarewaitingforhascome.Footballisagame islikedbymostboys.We’llgotohearthefamoussingre wehaveoftentalked.Theseason comesafterspringissummer.Ivisitedascientist nameisknownalloverthecountry.Ioncelivedinthehouse roofhasfallenin.Istillremembertheday Ifirstcametothisschool.Thetime wegottogetherfinallyarrived.Shanghaiisthecity Iwasborn.Thehouse Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Pleasetellmethereason youmissedtheplane.Theschool heoncestudiedisveryfamous.Hesucceededinthecompetition（比賽）, madehisparentsveryhappy.單項(xiàng)填空基礎(chǔ)選擇—Whoistheman wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?—Oh!It’Mrs.Baker,ourmathteacher.A.he B .that C. whom D.whichIhatethepeople don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.who B.which C. they D.whereTheforeigner visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.which B.when C. who D.whomGeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher lovedclimbing.A.who B.whom C. he D.whichThisistheplace Ihaveevervisited.A.there B.when C.where D.whichNobodyknowsthereason shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when

7.Themoonisaworld thereisnolife.A.that B.which C.where D.why8.Hehasforgottentheday hearrived.A.when B.where C.that D.whichHestillremembersthedays hespentwithyourfamily.A.when B.where C.that D.onwhichMr.White, carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.who B.that C.whose D.whichThisisthehouse Iwanttobuy.A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.whereThisisthehouse ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.which B.that C.when D.whereHedidn’ttellmetheplace hewasborn.A.that B.which C.when D.whereHelivedin asmallvillage, wasalong way from therailwaystation.A.that B.which C.where D.whenTheletter Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.who B.where C.what D.that—Where isthescientist gaveusthe talkyesterday?HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.who C.whose D.whichIhatepeople talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whose B.whom C.which D.whoDoyouknowaboy sisterisanurseinahospital?A.who B.that C.whom D.whoseIsthereashopnearhere wecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?A.which B.when C.whoD.whereThepark, wevisitedyesterday,isverynice.A.where B.which C.that D.whenIsthereanything Icandoforyou?A.what B.which C.that D.itThatisthereason hecametoseeyou.A.when B.that C.which D.forwhichSomeoftheroadswereflooded, madeourjourneymoredifficult.A.which B.it C.what D.thatYouaretheonlyone advicehemightlistento.A.who B.that C.whose D.whateverTheman coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who’s B.whose C.that D.ofwhich拓展提高Thescientisttheteacheristalking isleavingforBeijing.A.tohim B.whom C.to D.tothat theycoulddowastoworkhard.A.All B.AllwhatC.Allwhich D.ThatPayattentiontoall Ido.A.which B.inwhich C.whatTheroom windowsfacesouthishis.A.thatD.thatB.whichC.whose D.whos5.Thepark,___wemetwithhim,isverynice.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when6.I’vereadallthebooks yougaveme.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that7.Thepen I’musing ishers.A.which;itB.that;itC.it;/D./;/8.Ihavethesametrouble youhave.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what9.It’stheverybook Iwanttofind.A.whichB.thatC.itD.soHeistheonlyoneoftheboyswho Englishforfouryears.A.haslearntB. havelearnt C.learn D. learningThisisoneofthe books worthreading.A.thatisB. whichare C.itwas D. theyarebeenHeistheonlyoneoftheteachers Spanishinourschool.A.whoteachesB. whoteach C.whichteaches D. thatteachThisisthebestfilm beenshownthisyear.A.whichhas B. whichhave C.thathas D. thathaveOct.1,1949wastheday theNewChinawasfounded（成立）.A.that B. inwhich C.when D. whereThepen heiswritingismine.A.withwhich B. inwhich C. onwhich D. bywhichI’veneverseensuchalazyboy youare.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.asThereweremanygreatleadersinhistory AbrahamLincolnwasthegreatestone.A.inwhichB.inwhomC.ofwhich D.ofwhomIboughtanewdictionary, isverybeautiful.A.whosethecoverB.ofwhichcoverC.thecoverofwhichD.whichcoverTheyhaveplantedmanytrees,onethirdof arepinetrees.A.themB.whose C.which D.thatShanghai, Ihavevisitedtwice,hasalargepopulation.A.where B.which C.what D.thatThestudentsdidn’tlikethewa_y___s_hewasdressed.A./ B.which C.what D.howHeusedtodothingsinaway didnoharmtoanybody.A./ B.what C.inwhich D.thatIsthisthemuseum someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.that B.where C.inwhich D.theoneSheisoneofthefewpersons Spanishinourschool.A.whoknowsB.whoknowC.whichspeak D.thatspeaksDoyouknowtheyear theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.which B.that C.when D.onwhich2012年全國(guó)各地中考英語真題分類匯編——定語從句—Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?—Verygood.Ilikeclothes makemefeelcomfortable.A.that B.what C.whoIsthereanything toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs C.thatbelong D.whichbelongs.—Nowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.— Sowe shoulddosomething canhelpstopsmoking.A.whatB.who C. / D.that[w~Istillrememberthetime wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear.A.when B. what C. who D.whichOneofthemostdeliciousdrinksIlikeisorangejuice.A.which B.that C.whose D.whom—Therearesomanygirlsoverthere.Whichoneisyoursister?—Theonehatisyellow.A.who B.whose C.that D.whichWealllikethestoryabouttheteacherhappenedinourschoollastweek.A.which B.who C.whom D.whatTheEnglish-Chinesedictionarymyfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreatvalue.A.whose B.when C.who D.thatZhangLiliisconsideredasthemostbeautifulteachergaveherlovetoherstudentsindanger.A.who B.that C.whom D.which一Thelittleboywaswrappingthepresentwouldbesenttohisteacher.A.who B./ C.what D.thatMr.Smithissmokingislookingforshelostyesterday.A.whom;whichB.who;whatC.that;whoD.which;whereSuccesswillbelongtothoseneversay"impossible".A.whomB.what C.who D.which—Whatareyoulookingfor?-I'mlookingfortheringmyhusbandboughtmelastyear.A.that B.who C.whom D.itThewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'befound.A.that B.where C.inwhich D.inthatPianoisawordwasoriginallyborrowedfromItalian.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.whoseIt'sinterestingthattherearemanypeoplespeakFrenchinCanada.A.whichB.whereC.who—DoyouenjoyMyheartwillgoon?—No,Iprefersongsloud.A.thatisB.whichis C.thatare D.whatare……Icanneverforgetthestoriesmygrandmatoldme.A.whatB.whoC.themD.thatThisistheprimaryschoolIstudiedthreeyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whichPleasepassmethecartoonbookhasaMickeyMouseonthecover.A.whomB.whose C.who D.which一Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—IlikethemoviesareaboutChinesehistory.A.who B.whom C.whose DwhichMoststudentsliketheteachersunderstandthemwellA.who B.when C.what D.which一Whatareyoulookingfor? -I'mlookingforthepen