2023高考英語（人教）一輪預熱自練鞏固題必修4U4及答案

第頁2023高考英語〔人教〕一輪預熱自練穩(wěn)固題必修4U4及答案***閱讀理解。閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最正確選項。(2023·長春市質(zhì)量監(jiān)測一)Canexerciseduringchildhoodprotectyouagainstmemorylossmanydecadeslater?Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain，inratsatleast.“Thisisananimalstudy，butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant—notjustforphysicaldevelopment，butforthewholelifelongtrackofcognitive(認知的)developmentduringageing，〞saysMartinWojtowiczoftheUniversityofToronto，Canada.“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease(阿爾茨海默病)，possiblytothepointofpreventingit.〞Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups，andplacedrunningwheelsinthecagesofonegroupforaperiodofsixweeks.Aroundfourmonthslater—whentheratshadreachedmiddleage—theteamtaughtalltheratstoconnectanelectricshockwithbeinginaspecificbox.Whenplacedinthebox，theyfrozewithfear.Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations：exactlythesameboxinthesameroom，thesameboxwiththeroomarrangeddifferently，andacompletelydifferentboxinadifferentroom.Theratswithoutaccesstoarunningwheelwhentheywereyoungnowfrozethesamepercentageoftimesineachofthesesituations，suggestingtheycouldn'trememberwhichonewasdangerous.Butthosethathadbeenabletorunintheiryouthfroze40to50percentlessinbothchangedboxsettings.“Theresultssuggesttheamountofphysicalactivitywhenwe'reyoung，atleastforrats，hasinfluenceonthebrainandcognitivehealth—intheformofbettermemories—whenwe'reolder，〞saysArthurKramerofNortheasternUniversityinBoston，whohasfoundthat，inhumans，exercisepromotesthegrowthofnewbraincells.1．Thestudyshowsthat________.A．physicalactivityisimportantforphysicalhealthB．usingtherunningwheelsisofbenefittotherats'growthC．physicalactivitycanpreventhumans'Alzheimer'sdiseaseD．themoreexercisearathaswhenyoung，thebettermemoryitwillpossesswhenolder2．HowareParagraph3and4mainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses.B．Bygivinganexample.C．Bydescribingtheprocess.D．Byshowingdifferences.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it〞inParagraph2referto?A．Exercise.B．Development.C．Benefit.D．Study.4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheanimalstudy?A．Negative.B．Objective.C．Critical.D．Doubtful.【解題導語】本文為說明文，介紹了一項科學研究，從而得出早期鍛煉對大腦終身有好處的結(jié)論。1．D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容尤其是第二句“Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain,inratsatleast〞可知，早期鍛煉似乎對大腦終身有好處，至少對老鼠來說是這樣的。應(yīng)選D項。2．C考查寫作手法。根據(jù)第三段的“Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups...Aroundfourmonthslater...theyfrozewithfear〞和第四段的“Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations〞可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小組對老鼠進行實驗的過程。C項意為“通過描述過程〞，應(yīng)選C項。A項意為“通過分析原因〞；B項意為“通過舉例子〞；D項意為“通過展示不同點〞。這三項均不符合第三、四段的開展脈絡(luò)。3．A考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段的“butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant〞及“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease(阿爾茨海默病)〞可知，身體活動很重要，對人類來說，它可能會推遲阿爾茨海默病的出現(xiàn)。因此“it〞在文中指的是“physicalactivity〞，A項與其同義，應(yīng)選A項。4．B考查觀點態(tài)度。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了對老鼠進行實驗的過程及其結(jié)果，并引用數(shù)據(jù)進行說明，由此可知作者對動物研究的態(tài)度是很客觀的。B項意為“客觀的〞，應(yīng)選B項。***語法填空。AfterspendingnearlyeverywakingminutewithAngelforeightstraightdays,IknewthatIhadtotellherjustonething.Solateatnight,justbeforeshefellasleep,Iwhispered__1__inherear.Shesmiled—thekindofsmile__2__mademesmileback—andshesaid,“WhenI'mseventy-fiveandIthinkaboutmylifeand__3__itwasliketobeyoung,IhopethatIcanrememberthisverymoment.〞Afewsecondslatersheclosedhereyesandfellasleep.Theroomwas__4__(peace)—almostsilent.AllIcouldhearwasthesoftvoiceofherbreathing.Istayedawake__5__(think)aboutthetimewe__6__(spend)togetherandallthechoicesinourlivesthatmadethismomentpossible.Andatsomepoint,Irealizedthatitdidn'tmatterwhatwe'ddoneorwherewe'dgone.Nor__7__thefutureholdanysignificance.Whatmatteredwasthecalmnessofthemoment.Themoral：Wemustnotallowtheclock,thecalendar,andexternalpressure__8__(rule)ourlivesandblindustothefact__9__eachindividualmomentofourlivesisabeautifulmysteryandamiracle—__10__(especial)thosemomentswespendinthepresenceofalovedone.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章導讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過描述一個讓人暖心的夜晚，告訴讀者一個生活和人生哲理：眼下寧靜溫馨的時光尤為珍貴，不應(yīng)被世俗破壞。1．it考查代詞。根據(jù)前句中的“IknewthatIhadtotellherjustonething〞可知，空處應(yīng)填it指代onething。2．that/which考查定語從句的引導詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導定語從句，從句中缺少主語，且關(guān)系詞指代先行詞thekindofsmile，故填that/which。3．what考查賓語從句的連接詞。根據(jù)and前的“Ithinkaboutmylife〞可知，空處引導賓語從句，從句中l(wèi)ike缺少賓語，且連接詞在句中表示“什么樣子〞，此處應(yīng)填what。4．peaceful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：房間里很寧靜。此處應(yīng)用形容詞peaceful作was的表語。5．thinking考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。6．hadspent考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，spend所表示的動作發(fā)生在stayedawake之前，應(yīng)用過去完成時，故填hadspent。7．did考查局部倒裝。否認副詞nor位于句首時，句子常用局部倒裝，由hold與前一句中的realized可知，應(yīng)填did。8．torule考查非謂語動詞。allowsb./sth.todosth.為固定用法。9．that考查同位語從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并由thefact可知，此處應(yīng)用that引導同位語從句，解釋說明thefact的具體內(nèi)容。10．especially考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“尤其是與心愛的人一起度過的美好時光〞，結(jié)合句意可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，故填especially。***完形填空。(2023·濰坊市高考模擬考試)WhenLisaWelch，fromJimboomba，Queensland，wasstrugglingwithwhattogifthersonforhisupcoming10thbirthday，shewasbeaten.HerlittleboyJorgehasa__1__，who，bornwithCorticolDysplasia，isunabletospeakandhisbrain__2__asan18monthsold.Lisahadnoticedthatduringthedrivetoschooleachweekdaymorning，Jorgealmostjumpedoutofhisseat__3__everytimetheypassedabigtruck.ThiswaswhatgavehertheideatoputapostonthelocalFacebookSellItpage,__4__apersonwithatrucktovisittheirhomeforanhourand__5__takeJorgeforaride.Withinminutes，MelissaWhelan，whosehusbandTomdrivesabigtruck，__6__tobeonlineandcontacted(聯(lián)系)Lisa,Jorge'sbirthday__7__hadbeenorganized.Butthestorydoesn't__8__there.Theoffersoftrucksandtimekeptpouringin.ItwasatthispointthatGavin，anothertrucker，steppedinand__9__.Afterwards，hesetupa__10__page“JimboombaJorge〞__11__everyonecouldkeeppacewithwhatwasunfolding.The__12__ofthebirthdaysurprisespread，andenthusiasmandlocalcommunityspirit__13__.Within5days，Gavinhadorganizedaconvoy(車隊)of214trucks,with__14__comingfromacrossthecountry.Hespokewithradiostations4BCaboutJorgeandtheconvoy.Channel9Australiawascontactedandtheytoomadearrangementstobe__15__ontheday.Saturdaythe15thDecember__16__brightandsunny，whichturnedoutthebesteverbirthdayforJorge.Thecommunityalso__17__atotalof$1700towardJorge'songoing__18__costsand__19__thebirthdaypresentswasthedonationofatabletPCfromthelocalTelstrashop.LisaisexcitedthatthiscanbeusedtoaidJorgewithhis__20__.1．A.toyB．disabilityC．situationD．habit2．A.treatsB．considersC．functionsD．describes3．A.casuallyB．calmlyC．excitedlyD．violently4．A.askingforB．dependingonC．sendingforD．bringingup5．A.frequentlyB．graduallyC．deliberatelyD．possibly6．A.hesitatedB．happenedC．intendedD．pretended7．A.surpriseB．invitationsC．eveningD．dance8．A.endB．beginC．turnD．mean9．A.pulledoverB．handedoverC．tookoverD．thoughtover10．A.normalB．frequentC．usualD．special11．A.incaseB．evenifC．a(chǎn)slongasD．sothat12．A.timeB．placeC．ruleD．message13．A.grewB．sankC．lostD．fell14．A.doctorsB．driversC．clerksD．patients15．A.offB．outC．a(chǎn)wayD．there16．A.showedB．wipedC．dawnedD．varied17．A.raisedB．earnedC．wastedD．spent18．A.generalB．medicalC．livingD．travelling19．A.betweenB．a(chǎn)tC．a(chǎn)mongD．a(chǎn)gainst20．A.decisionB．communicationC．driveD．relationship【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了母親Lisa為她患病的兒子準備生日驚喜的故事。在很多人的幫助下，她的兒子Jorge度過了一個完美的生日，同時，Jorge還收到了很多生日禮物以及好心人的捐款。1．B考查名詞辨析。A項意為“玩具〞；B項意為“缺陷，障礙〞；C項意為“情況〞；D項意為“習慣〞。根據(jù)空格后的“who,bornwithCorticolDysplasia,isunabletospeakandhisbrain________asan18monthsold〞可判斷出，Jorge生來身體上就有缺陷。應(yīng)選B。2．C考查動詞辨析。A項意為“對待〞；B項意為“考慮〞；C項意為“正常工作，運轉(zhuǎn)〞；D項意為“描述〞。根據(jù)“isunabletospeak〞可判斷出，Jorge大腦的運轉(zhuǎn)水平大約和18月大的孩子一樣。應(yīng)選C。3．C考查副詞辨析。A項意為“不經(jīng)意地〞；B項意為“鎮(zhèn)靜地〞；C項意為“興奮地〞；D項意為“強烈地〞。根據(jù)上文中的“jumpedoutofhisseat〞可判斷出，此處指Jorge每次看到有大卡車經(jīng)過時都會從座位上興奮地跳起來。應(yīng)選C。4．A考查動詞短語辨析。A項意為“請求〞；B項意為“依賴〞；C項意為“派人去請〞；D項意為“提出，養(yǎng)育〞。根據(jù)空格后的“apersonwithatrucktovisittheirhomeforanhour〞可判斷出，此處指Lisa是想請求一位有卡車的人來她家。應(yīng)選A。5．D考查副詞辨析。A項意為“頻繁地〞；B項意為“逐漸地〞；C項意為“成心地〞；D項意為“可能，也許〞。根據(jù)語境可知，Lisa希望如果有可能的話，卡車司機可以載Jorge一程。應(yīng)選D。6．B考查動詞辨析。A項意為“猶豫〞；B項意為“發(fā)生〞；C項意為“打算〞；D項意為“假裝〞。此處指丈夫是卡車司機的MelissaWhelan碰巧在線并聯(lián)系了Lisa。happentodo意為“碰巧發(fā)生〞。應(yīng)選B。7．A考查名詞辨析。A項意為“驚喜〞；B項意為“邀請〞；C項意為“晚上〞；D項意為“舞蹈〞。根據(jù)第三段第五句中的“thebirthdaysurprisespread〞可知，此處指Lisa做這一切是想給兒子一個生日驚喜。應(yīng)選A。8．A考查動詞辨析。A項意為“結(jié)束〞；B項意為“開始〞；C項意為“轉(zhuǎn)動〞；D項意為“意思是〞。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，這個故事并沒有到此結(jié)束。應(yīng)選A。9．C考查動詞短語辨析。A項意為“靠邊停車〞；B項意為“移交〞；C項意為“接替，接任〞；D項意為“仔細考慮〞。根據(jù)下文中的“hesetupa________page‘JimboombaJorge'〞可知，另一位卡車司機介入并接替了這件事情。應(yīng)選C。10．D考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“正常的〞；B項意為“頻繁的〞；C項意為“通常的〞；D項意為“特別的〞。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，這是一張?zhí)貏e的“page〞。應(yīng)選D。11．D考查連詞短語辨析。A項意為“萬一，假使〞；B項意為“即使〞；C項意為“只要〞；D項意為“以便〞。此處指Gavin建立一個寫有“JimboombaJorge〞的頁面以便每個人都能知道這件事情的進展。空格后面的狀語從句表示的是結(jié)果，能引導結(jié)果狀語從句的只有sothat。應(yīng)選D。12．D考查名詞辨析。A項意為“時間〞；B項意為“地點〞；C項意為“規(guī)那么〞；D項意為“消息〞。根據(jù)語境可知，生日驚喜的消息很快就傳播開了。應(yīng)選D。13．A考查動詞辨析。A項意為“增長〞；B項意為“下沉〞；C項意為“喪失〞；D項意為“落下〞。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，生日驚喜的消息很快就傳播開來，熱情和當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)人們的情緒高漲。應(yīng)選A。14．B考查名詞辨析。A項意為“醫(yī)生〞；B項意為“司機〞；C項意為“職員〞；D項意為“病人〞。根據(jù)上文中的“Gavinhadorganizedaconvoy(車隊)of214trucks〞可知，Gavin組織了一個由來自全國各地的司機組成的卡車車隊。應(yīng)選B。15．D考查副詞辨析。句意為：有人聯(lián)系了澳大利亞的Channel9，他們也做出了安排，那天會在那里(進行報道)。應(yīng)選D。16．C考查動詞辨析。A項意為“展示〞；B項意為“擦〞；C項意為“天亮，破曉〞；D項意為“變化〞。根據(jù)“brightandsunny〞可判斷出，天亮之后才能陽光明媚。應(yīng)選C。17．A考查動詞辨析。A項意為“籌集〞；B項意為“賺得〞；C項意為“浪費〞；D項意為“花費〞。根據(jù)空格后的“atotalof$1700”可知，社區(qū)也為Jorge籌集了1700美元。應(yīng)選A。18．B考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“全體的，普遍的〞；B項意為“醫(yī)療的〞；C項意為“活著的〞；D項意為“旅行的〞。因為Jorge是一個患病的孩子，根據(jù)空格前后的“Jorge'songoing〞和“costs〞可知，這些錢是用來支付Jorge的醫(yī)療費用的。應(yīng)選B。19．C考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，Jorge的生日禮物很多，amongthebirthdaypresents表示“在這些禮物當中〞，符合語境。應(yīng)選C。20．B考查名詞辨析。A項意為“決定〞；B項意為“交流〞；C項意為“駕車路程〞；D項意為“關(guān)系〞。根據(jù)第一段中的“isunabletospeak〞和本段中的“atabletPCfromthelocalTelstrashop〞可知，當?shù)氐腡elstra商店送給Jorge一個平板電腦，Lisa認為這對Jorge的交流會有所幫助。應(yīng)選B。亮點句積累：Theoffersoftrucksandtimekeptpouringin.(第三段第二句)譯文：可供使用的卡車和時間段不斷涌來。詞匯積累：pourv．不斷涌向organizev．組織keeppacewith保持同步，并駕齊驅(qū)***短文改錯。Asastudent,Icantellyouthatthereissomethingbetterthanpraisedbymyteacherbeforemyclassmates.Theotherday,IwaspraisedbymyheadteacherattheclassmeetingbecauseIhaverecitedallthewordsofUnit3.Hesaidbeforethewholeclassthatonlyifweputourheartsintoourlessonscouldwemakegreatprogress.HealsosaidIsetthegoodexampletoallofmyclassmatesandthatImemorizedallthewordsofUnit3asthoughIwasnotgoodatEnglish.Healsoaddedthateveryoneshouldlearnfromme.Hearingthattheheadteachersaid,Iwasmorethangladandmyheartbeatwildly.Atthesametime,Imadeupmymindtostudyhardratherthanwastingprecioustimeonthoseuselessthings,suchasplayingvideogamesandchattingonline.Onmyownexperience,Ilearnthatseveralwordsofpraisecanmakeagreatdifferencetosomeone.答案：Asastudent,Icantellyouthatthereiseq\o(something,\s\do14(①nothing))betterthaneq\o(∧,\s\do14(②being))praisedbymyteacherbeforemycla