高考英語24個(gè)語法之省略

二一省1and連接的句子在由連的句子中，為避免重復(fù)常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。⒈省共同的主語或賓語。如：pickedupacointheand(Mr.Smith)handedittopoliceman.⒉若語不同而謂語助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：musthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(mustbeen)doinghomework.⒊若語與謂語動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。如：advicemademehappy,but(hisadviceangry.⒋若語不同，但主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分相同，則省略主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分。如：borninwinter(wasborninwinter)1989.⒌省重復(fù)的介詞，連詞及后續(xù)部分。如：Hewaslatebecausehehadoverslept(hehad)missedtrain.2狀語從句的省略⒈在when,while,whenever,till,soonas,if,unless,asif,though,as,whether等導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語be,而語有跟主句主語相同或是it時(shí)，則從句的主語和常省略。如：As(heyoung,hewasastore-keeper.Hisopimion,whether(itis)rightbeconsidered.⒉在as,than,whatever,matter等導(dǎo)的從句中常省略某些成分。如：Anyone,matter(heis),maypointourshortcomings.Icanonlydowayas(Itoldtoitway).⒊虛條件句常省略if,將were,should提構(gòu)部分倒裝。如：therebeaflood=(Ifthereshouldflood),shoulddo?⒋有狀語從句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有時(shí)可省略整個(gè)從句。如：willgothereifmybrotherwill(go).Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).3

定語從句和名詞性從句中的省略⒈在定性定語從句中，作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞which,that可略；在以…as和suchas引的某些定語從句中，也可省略與主句相同部分。如：(who\whom\that)theteachertoisLiuYing.Idon'tlikesuchbooksasthis(is).⒉定從句中的“主語+系詞be”以省略。如：goods(whichorderedmonthhaven'tarrivedyet.⒊在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,等詞后面所接的賓語從句中，連詞that可以省略；若帶有多個(gè)賓語從句，只有第一that可略，其余的則不能。如：think(that)itclear轉(zhuǎn))thisafternoon.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.⒋由which,和why引的賓語從句，可全部或部分省略。如：Hewillcomeback,butdoesn'tknowwhen(willcome⒌在request,order,advise等相關(guān)的名詞性從句中須用虛擬語形'should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可略。如：officerorderedthathis(should)fire.issuggestedthat(should)goseeflim.4復(fù)合句中特殊的省略現(xiàn)象⒈主省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。如：isa)Pitydidn'tmary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.⒉省一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，可用so或not代。如：Shemaynotfreetoday.—Ifso(so=shenotfreetoday),wewillhavereportmanager.—hefeelingbettertoday?—I'mafraidnot(not=heisn'tfeelingbettertoday).5動(dòng)詞不定式省略，只保留to的合⒈不式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，常見動(dòng)詞如like,love,care,hope,wish,expect,afford,forget,prefer,refuse,mean,強(qiáng)迫）persuade,agree,want,manage等如：doitifyoucareto.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Ito,butwhenIleavingIcould'theranywhere.

⒉不式在句中作某些動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)時(shí)，常見的有ask,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit等如：tocomeparentswon'tallowto.⒊不式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時(shí)，常見形容詞如happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等如：thinksheshouldgetajob,butyoucan'tforcehertoifshe'sreadyto—I'llawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftercat?—Notatall.I'dbehappyto.⒋不式作某些復(fù)合謂語時(shí)，常見結(jié)構(gòu)如beto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。如：Hedoesn'tlikefishheusedto.注意當(dāng)略的內(nèi)容是作動(dòng)詞用have或be的何形式,to后保留原形have或be.如：Hedidn'tbuttohave.Aliceisnotwhatsheusedtobe.6動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的略⒈主部分有todo,系動(dòng)詞是is或時(shí)，作表語的不定式通常省略to.如：onlythingyouhaveis(to)pressbutton.⒉作詞but,except,besides的賓語時(shí)，前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)常省略不定式符號(hào)to.Tomnothingtodobesidesbettersthismorning.⒊當(dāng)個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式并列時(shí)，其后的不定式符號(hào)可省略，但有對比關(guān)系時(shí)則不省略。如：Iteasiertomakeaplanthantocarryit⒋在watch,notice,hear,listenlookat,make,let,leave,observe等詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，省略不定式符號(hào)；(not)do結(jié)中不定不帶如：noticeenterroom?notjoinus?7介詞的省略⒈一常和動(dòng)名詞形容詞一搭配的介詞常省略保留其后的動(dòng)名詞常見的句型有spend/wastetime(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing,difficult/troubledoing,bebusydoing,stop/preventsb.(from)等如：rainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.Shelostnotime(in)givingpatientaid.⒉表時(shí)間的介詞at,on和用next,this,these,yesterday,one,any,every,

each,all等之前，一般皆省略，表示一段時(shí)間狀語之前的也省略。如：WegoschooldayexceptSunday.Wehavebeenherethree否句中不能省⒊表行為方式的在inthisway,intheinanother等組中，經(jīng)常被省略。