初一下冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)

第頁共頁初一下冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)初一下冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)Unit1Where’syourpenpalfrom?一、詞組二、句型1、Where+be+主語+from?主語+be+from+地點(diǎn).2、Wheredo/does+主語+live?主語+live/livesin…3、Whatlanguagedo/does+主語+speak?主語+speak/speaks….4、主語+like/likes+doing/todo…5.Whatisyourfavoritesubject/sport?Myfavoritesubject/sportis…6.It’sfun.7.Isthatyournewpenpal?Yes,itis.Unit2Where’sthepostoffice一、詞組postoffice郵局payphone投幣式公用nextto在...隔壁acrossfrom在...對(duì)面infrontof在...前面between…and…在...和...之間onastreet在街上intheneighborhood在附近ontheright/left在右邊/在左邊behind…在…后面onGreenstreet在格林街上near…在…附近gostraight一直走weleto…歡送enjoy+名詞/doing喜歡做某事havefun過得愉快play+the+樂器彈奏樂器onone’sright/left在某人的右邊/左邊turnright/left向右/左轉(zhuǎn)takeawalk漫步二、日常交際用語。1、Isthereabanknearhere?Yes,thereis.It’sonCentreStreet./No,thereisn’t.2、Where’sthesupermarket?It’snexttothelibrary.3、BridgeStreetisagoodplacetohavefun.4、Ihopeyouhaveagoodtrip.5.Ifyouarehungry,youcanbuyfoodintherestaurant.6、Talkawalkthoughthepark..7.IknowyouarearrivingnextSunday.我知道你下周日要來。三、句型。1、Istherea….?句型Eg:-Excuseme.Isthereahotelintheneighborhood.-Yes,thereis.No.thereisn’t2、Whereis…?句型Eg:-Whereisthepark,please?-It’sbehindthebank.(肯定答復(fù))-I’msorryIdon’tknow.(否認(rèn)答復(fù))3、Whichisthewayto+地點(diǎn)?句型.例如：-Whichisthewaytothelibrary.4、HowcanIgetto+地點(diǎn)?句型.例如：-HowcanIgettotherestaurant?5、Canyoutellmethewayto+地點(diǎn)?句型.例-Canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?6、Letmetellyouthewaytomyhouse.7、Justgostraightandturnleft.Unit3Whydoyoulikekoalas?一、詞組wanttodosth.想要做某事wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事wantsth想要某物L(fēng)etsbdosth讓某人做某事kindof有幾分\種類akindof一種……yearsold…年齡liketodosth喜歡做某事likedoingsthplaywith…與...一起玩duringtheday在白天atnight在夜間havealookat..看...one…theother一個(gè)...另一個(gè)...二、句型與日常交際用語。1、-whydoyoulikepandas?/-Whydosehelikekoalas?-Becausethey’reverycure.2.Whydoyouwanttoseethelions?Becausethey’re…3、-Wherearelionsfrom?-LionsarefromSouthAfrica.4、-What(other)animalsdoyoulike?-Ilikeelephants.other+名詞的復(fù)數(shù).表示沒有特定的數(shù)量范圍theother+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示有特定的數(shù)量范圍.5.-Doyoulikegiraffes?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’tUnit4Iwanttobeanactor.一、詞組wanttobe+a/an+職業(yè)想要成為…shopassistant店員bankclerk銀行職員workwith與…一起工作helpsb(to)dosth/sbwithsth幫助某人做某事as…作為…workhard努力工作workfor為。。。而工作workas作為。。而工作get..from…從..獲得…givesth.to.sb/give.sb.sth把某物給某人intheday在白天atnight在夜間talkto/with與…講話goouttodinners外出吃飯inahospital在醫(yī)院newspaperreporter報(bào)社記者movieactor電影演員二、句型1.-Whatdo/does+某人+do?例-Whatdoyoudo?-I’mastudent./-Whatdosehedo?He’sateacher.2-Whatdo/does+某人+wanttobe?例：Whatdoyouwanttobe?-Iwanttobeateacher.3.-Wheredoesyoursisterwork?-Sheworksinahospital.4.-Doesheworkinthehospital?Yes,hedoes/No,hedoesn’t5.-Doessheworklate?-Yes,shedoes/No,shedoesn’t6.-英語中詢問職業(yè)的幾種表達(dá)方式：Whatdo/does…do?/Whatis…?Whatisyourfather’sjob?/What’sone’sjob?Unit5I’mwatchingTV.一、詞組doone’shomework做家庭作業(yè)watchTV看電視eatdinner吃飯;就餐cleantheroom清掃房間talkonthephone聊天sound+形容詞聽起來…thanksfor+n/doing為某事感謝某人goshopping/swimming去購(gòu)物/游泳atthepool在游泳池readnewspaper/abook看報(bào)紙/看書gotothemovies看電影writealetter寫信waitfor等待;等候talkabout議論。。。。playbasketball/soccer/打籃球/踢足球takephotos拍照TVshow電視節(jié)目Someof…中的一些aphotoofmyfamily我的家庭照atschool在學(xué)校bewith和。。。一起inthetree在樹上inthefirst/lastphoto在第一張/最后一張照片withsb和某人在一起二、句型與日常交際用語1.-What+be+主語+doing?….正在做什么?-主語+bedoing。。?！谧瞿呈?。3.-Hereare/is…例：Herearesomeofmyphotos.Hereisaphotoofmyfamily.1.-Doyouwanttogotothemovies?–Sure.2.-Whendoyouwanttogo?–Let’sgoatseven.3.-Wheredopeopleplaybasketball?–Atschool.4.-What’shewaitingfor?-He’swaitingforabus.5.-What’shereading?He’sreadinganewspaper.6.Youcanseemyfamilyathome.Can+do(動(dòng)詞原形)可以…四、語法：如今進(jìn)展時(shí)1)如今在進(jìn)展時(shí)的形式是：助動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞-ing形式(也叫如今分詞)，表示如今(說話的瞬間)正在進(jìn)展或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2)如今進(jìn)展時(shí)的肯定句形式主語+be(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞如今分詞+其他I’mwatchingTV.3)如今進(jìn)展時(shí)的否認(rèn)句形式主語+be(am,is,are)+not+動(dòng)詞如今分詞+其他Theyarenotplayingsoccer.4)如今進(jìn)展時(shí)的一般疑問句形式及答復(fù)Is(am,are)+主語+動(dòng)詞如今分詞+其他?Yes,主語+is/am/are.No,主語+isn’t/aren’t/amnot.Areyoureading?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.5)如今進(jìn)展時(shí)的特殊疑問句形式:特殊疑問詞+is/am/are+主語+如今分詞+其他?例:Whatisyourbrotherdoing?拓展閱讀：小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)大全小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)大全一be動(dòng)詞(am、is、are)+not、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+not、助動(dòng)詞(do、does)+not如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否認(rèn)句：1、看句中有無be動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在be動(dòng)詞后+not。2、看句中有無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+not。3、如上述二者都沒有，就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+not。分四個(gè)步驟：(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(某人或某物)后，動(dòng)詞前。(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does，根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do，動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does。(3)在助動(dòng)詞后加not。(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假設(shè)發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)大全二1：“first”是序數(shù)詞，與“the”相連，解釋為第一。2：像“first，term，world”作為詞組出現(xiàn)時(shí)前面要加“the”。3：“all”所有;后面的可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，be動(dòng)詞用“are”。4：“any”一些;用在否認(rèn)句和一般疑問句中，與“some”同義?！皊ome”用在肯定句中。5：therebe+數(shù)詞，采用“就近原那么”。6：amapofChina與amapoftheworld要牢記。7：要用“onthewall”，不能用“inthewall”。門、窗在墻上才能用“inthewall”。8：can后+動(dòng)詞原形。9：play+the+樂器;play+球類;10：like的用法11：動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)名詞形式方法：A--直接在動(dòng)詞后面+ing形式(大多數(shù))。B--以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的，要去掉e后再+ing，比方：dancing，making，riding。C--重讀be音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音，須雙寫末尾的字母后再+ing，如：running，swimming，sitting，putting。12：如今進(jìn)展時(shí)的構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ing形式。標(biāo)志：now、look、listen、it'stimeto。13：如今進(jìn)展時(shí)的一般疑問句/問--be動(dòng)詞+人稱+時(shí)態(tài)(動(dòng)詞ing)答--Yes，he/She/itis/am/are.No，he/She/itisn't/aren't/amnot.14：用Areyou...?Yes,Iam/weare.No,I'mnot/Wearen't.15:動(dòng)詞后+人稱賓格形式.16：一般如今時(shí)的構(gòu)成：第三人稱單數(shù)(三單)。要注意：后面的動(dòng)詞+s或es。特例：have→hasdo→dosego→goes;標(biāo)志：often，usually。17：有些名詞變動(dòng)詞時(shí)要變形式，例如：teacher→teach;driver→drive.小學(xué)五年級(jí)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)大全三一、注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)：1、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用于：①Howmany后面;②some/any/many/alotof/two,three…后面;③these/those后面④allthe后面;⑤between后面跟一種物體時(shí)，這個(gè)物體用復(fù)數(shù)⑥like后面⑦are前面的人稱和名詞用復(fù)數(shù):we/they/thechildren2、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)那么：1)一般直接+s：bears，students，2)以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加es：bus-buses，box-boxes，3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕,再加ies：library—librarieshobbyhobbiesstorystories4)不規(guī)那么名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen,foot-feet,Child-children3、不可數(shù)名詞:water,soup,milk,juice,tea,coffee,bread(面包),rice(米飯),hair等等。二、注意一般如今時(shí)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù);(注：所有否認(rèn)句、疑問句中，動(dòng)詞都用原形。)1、肯定句中哪些情況下用第三人稱單數(shù)：1)人稱代詞he,she,it作主語時(shí);2)單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語時(shí);3)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或“this/that/the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí);4)不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí);5)當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時(shí)，等等。2、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)那么如下：1)一般情況下,動(dòng)詞后面直接加s.如：works/plays/reads2)以s.x.sh.ch或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在后面加es.例:teach-teaches,watch-watches,do-does,go-goes3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加es.例：study-studiesfly-fliescarry-carries4)不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：have—has;be—is三、人稱代詞、名詞所有格及序數(shù)詞1、主格用來作句中的主語，用于動(dòng)詞前面。例：Theyaredoctors.2、賓格用來作句中的賓語，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面。本冊(cè)書上出現(xiàn)的詞組：infrontofhershowheraroundpushmeteachyouWhat’swrongwithhim?writehimaletterHere’saChristmascardforyou.Letme….chatwiththemontheIntergiveitacake3、形容詞性物主代詞+名詞形容詞性物主代詞,之所以叫它們形容詞是因?yàn)樗麄儽仨毞旁诿~前面。4、名詞所有格作形容詞性，表示所屬關(guān)系;在人名或稱呼后加’s，以s結(jié)尾的，直接加’。如：mother’s，parents’5、序數(shù)詞firstsecondthirdfourth1)序數(shù)詞一般要與the連用;2)在某一層樓用介詞on。四、選擇和用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空1、哪些情況加動(dòng)詞原形(注：有to時(shí)，to跟后面的動(dòng)詞原形放在同一空格)1)wantto+動(dòng)詞原形2)wouldliketo+動(dòng)詞原形3)it’stimeto+動(dòng)詞原形4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+動(dòng)詞原形5)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,don’t,doesn’t)+動(dòng)詞原形6)let+動(dòng)詞原形7)祈使句中動(dòng)詞用原形(如Doyourhomework,please.)8)否認(rèn)句在句首加Don’t(如Don’tdoyourhomework,please)+動(dòng)詞原形2、哪些情況加動(dòng)詞ing1)like2)go3)begoodat4)be5)后面跟名詞，如swimminglesson動(dòng)詞+ing變化規(guī)那么如下:A、直接加上ing:draw-drawingplay-playingread-readingB、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加上ingskate-skatingmake-makingdance-dancinghave-havinge-ingwrite-writingC、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞要雙寫尾字母，再加上ing從單詞的末尾開場(chǎng)往前數(shù)符合“輔音-元音-輔音”構(gòu)造的。(注：詞尾是w和y的除外，如：drawing,playing等除外);run-runningsit-sittingput-puttingchat-chattingget-gettingswim-swimmingstop-stoppingshop-shopping3.形容詞加名詞(形名)如:abeautifulgirl4.動(dòng)詞加副詞(動(dòng)副)如:swimwell5.Some和any用法:“some”一般用于肯定句，“any”用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句。但在一些表示委婉懇求，想得到對(duì)方肯定答復(fù)時(shí)也用“some”。(小技巧：末尾是句號(hào)，句中是any，那這句型是否認(rèn)句)6.Therebe構(gòu)造就近原那么,be動(dòng)詞的選擇取決于緊跟在后面的名詞數(shù)量。如：Thereisateacherandsomestudentsintheclassroom.7.樂器前加the,球類前不加the.如：playthepiano,playfootball8.Who當(dāng)作特殊的第三人稱單數(shù)(Whosingswell?)9.一般如今時(shí)構(gòu)成：1)主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。2)主語+行為動(dòng)詞+其它?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】：^p：always,usually,often,sometimes,onSundays,every…(注：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞加s,es或輔音+y時(shí)，把y變?yōu)閕再加es;其他時(shí)候動(dòng)詞用原形)10.如今進(jìn)展時(shí)【關(guān)鍵詞】：^p：look,listen,now(注：be動(dòng)詞(isamare)+動(dòng)詞ing,兩者缺一不可)11.and前后謂語動(dòng)詞一致。指當(dāng)句子中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語動(dòng)詞共用同一個(gè)主語時(shí)，一般謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。Sheoftengoesfishingandtakesphotos.Let’sgoandhavesomechicken.12、一樣意思不同用法的辨析：1)有;thereis/are和have/hasthereis/are表示在某地有某物(或某人);表示存在;therebe就近原那么;have/has表示某人有某物;表示所屬關(guān)系;前面必須有主語。2)也;too-either-alsotoo用于肯定句和疑問句句末;either用于否認(rèn)句句末;also用于句中。3)都;both-allboth用于兩者都;all用于三者及以上都。4)好;good-wellgood+名詞;動(dòng)詞+well。5)和;with-andwith是介詞，意思是“和……一起”，后面跟名詞或代詞的賓格。and是連詞，意思是“和”，用and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換①同義句：1.It’stimeforsth=It’stimetodosth.該是…時(shí)間了(注：for后面跟名詞;to后面跟動(dòng)詞原形)It’stimefordinner.=It’stimetohavedinner.2.Whattimeisit?=What’sthetime?幾點(diǎn)呢?3.Thereis(are)no…(s)…=Thereisn’t/aren’tany…沒有…4.haveno…=don’thave(any)沒有…Theyhavenolegsorarms.=Theydon’thaveanylegsorarms.5.hasno=doesn’thave(any)沒有…6.Ilikepicnics.=Ilikehavingpicnics.{注：like后面跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)或動(dòng)名詞(動(dòng)詞+ing)}7.showsth(某物)tosb(某人)=showsb(某物)sth(某人)向…展示…東西8.givesth(某物)tosb(某人)=givesb(某物)sth(某人)給…人…東西9.Whatalovelyant!=Howlovelytheantis!多么得意的螞蟻啊10.ThatisJan’sumbrella.=ThatumbrellaisJan’s.那是杰的傘11.What’swrongwithhim?=What’sthematterwithhim?他怎么了?②否認(rèn)句1、有be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)，be后直接加not(amnot/isnot=isn’t/arenot=aren’t);2、有can，can后直接加not(cannot=can’t);3、只有動(dòng)詞，在動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t;三單動(dòng)詞前加doesn’t,動(dòng)詞變回原形。Hedoeshishomework.(改成否認(rèn)句)Hedoesn’tdohishomework.③一般疑問句:用Yes或No答復(fù)的句子1、有be動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞提早;2、有can或would，can或would提早;3、只有動(dòng)詞，句首加Do/Does,動(dòng)詞用原形;注意：I’m變Areyou;some變any;my變your;and變or.④特殊疑問句：有特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句Therebe句型提問：1、對(duì)數(shù)量提問：1)Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語?(注：對(duì)therebe后面可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問時(shí)，無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用復(fù)數(shù)形式提問)例:Thereare24classroomsinourschool?/Thereisonlyoneclassroominourschool?(對(duì)劃線局部提問)Howmanyclassroomsarethereinourschool?(注：上面兩句提問，都是這句子)2)Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語?例:Thereissomemilkintheglass.(對(duì)劃線局部提問)Howmuchmilkisthereintheglass?2、對(duì)主語提問therebe針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的根本構(gòu)造是：What’s+介詞短語?(注：對(duì)therebe后面的主語提問時(shí)，無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，都用What’s提問)例：Therearesixbooksonthedesk./Thereisabookonthedesk.(對(duì)劃線局部提問)What’sonthedesk?(注：上面兩句提問，都是這句子)⑤感慨句的構(gòu)造：感慨句常用how或what來引導(dǎo)(1)what引導(dǎo)的感慨句，最終修飾的是名詞(2)how引導(dǎo)的感慨句，最終修飾的是形容詞/副詞Whatalovelyant!=Howlovelytheantis!多么得意的螞蟻啊!對(duì)劃線提問,疑問詞：What問什么;Whatcolour問顏色;Whattime問詳細(xì)時(shí)間(如幾點(diǎn)鐘);when問范圍廣的時(shí)間;where問在哪里;Howold問年齡;howmany問數(shù)量(可數(shù)名詞);howmuch1)問數(shù)量(不可數(shù)名詞)，2)問價(jià)錢;howabout問怎樣;who問誰(人);whose問誰的東西(問主人);同音詞：B—be—bee,C—see—sea,R—are,T—tea,U—you,Y—why,I-eye,too-two-to,four—for,here—hear,there—their,right—write,sun—son,no—know,pair—pear,it’s—its,buy—by—bye,hi—high,wear—where,aren’t—aunt,who’s—whose,近義詞(或同義詞)：Many—lotsof—alotof,desk—table,like—love,tall—highnear—beside,too—also,listen—hear,look—see,class—lesson,glass—cup,home—house,beautiful—pretty,usually—often,hi—hello,speak—say—talk,river—lake,wouldlike—want,gohome—ehome反義詞(或?qū)?yīng)詞)：yes—no,this—that,these—those,here—there,go—e,open—close,big—small,fat—thin,tall—short,long—short,black—white,happy—sad,hot—cold,cool—warm,soft—hard,on—under,infrontof—behind,in—out,boy—girl,man—woman,wrong—right,down—up,sit—stand,easy—difficult,takeoff(脫下)—puton(穿上)完好形式：I’m—Iam,we’re—weare,you’re—youare,he’s—heis,it’s—itis,there’s—thereis,isn’t—isnotwho’s—whois,Let’s—letus,I’d—Iwould,can’t—cannot,don’t—donot,doesn’t—doesnot特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man—men,woman—women,policeman—policemen,child—children,foot—feet,fish—fish,people—people,Chinese-Chinese三單動(dòng)詞變化：特殊