2023年考研外語預(yù)測試卷8

考研外語預(yù)測試卷8

一、UseofEnglish

1、TheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSiliconValleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasingly,thehomeinteriorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo(1)_____.Housesare(2)_____lightflooded,sparseandvaguelyAsianin(3)_____,withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorner,aYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrolroomswithallsortsof(4)_____,computers,routers,antennae,screensandremotecontrols.Occasionally,bothelementsare(5)_____."She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas,(6)_____"he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.

Currently,thegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthelargestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronics,computer,telecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecisionto(7)_____visionsofa"digitalhome","eHome",or"connectedhome".Doubtingthat(8)_____fromcorporatecustomerswillever(9)_____totheboomlevelsofthelate1990s,Microsoft,Intel,Sony,Verizon,Comcast,Hewlett-Packard,Appleandothersseetheconsumer(10)_____theirbestchanceforgrowthandwillbethrowingabewildering(11)_____ofhome"solutions"at(12)_____inthecomingmonthsandyears.

Tounderstandwhatthe(13)_____ultimatelyhavein(14)_____itisbesttovisitthe(15)_____homesthatmosthavebuiltontheircampusesorattradeshows.(16)_____cosyandoftenintimidating,thesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere,(17)_____electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthelargeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every(18)_____hasamicrochipandcanbe(19)_____to,typedintoorclickedonto.Everythingis(20)_____toacentralcomputerthroughwirelesslinks.

A.extremes

B.spheres

C.hazards

D.loopholes

2、(2)

A.nor

B.either

C.also

D.neither

3、(3)

A.quest

B.exhaustiveness

C.character

D.chaos

4、(4)

A.equipment

B.devices

C.facilities

D.gadgets

5、(5)

A.detrimental

B.imaginative

C.present

D.illusive

6、(6)

A.though

B.while

C.because

D.asif

7、(7)

A.laud

B.quench

C.dampen

D.hawk

8、(8)

A.complaint

B.feedback

C.demand

D.censorship

9、(9)

A.recover

B.foster

C.cement

D.formulate

10、(10)

A.beneath

B.against

C.throughout

D.as

11、(11)

A.array

B.lookout

C.ideology

D.conversion

12、(12)

A.theirs

B.them

C.his

D.him

13、(13)

A.retailers

B.vendors

C.conspirator

D.designers

14、(14)

A.notion

B.concept

C.illusion

D.mind

15、(15)

A.farraginous

B.inviting

C.mock

D.notorious

16、(16)

A.Ultimately

B.Typically

C.Fortunately

D.Rarely

17、(17)

A.by

B.to

C.within

D.suchas

18、(18)

A.object

B.obligation

C.objection

D.obstruction

19、(19)

A.told

B.said

C.talked

D.claimed

20、(20)

A.connected

B.designated

C.derived

D.input

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

JohnBattelleisSiliconValley'sBobWoodward.OneofthefoundersofWiredmagazine,hehashungaroundGoogleforsolongthathehascometobeascloseasanyoutsidercantoactuallybeinganinsider.Certainly,Google'sfounders,SergeyBrinandLarryPage,anditschiefexecutive,EricSchmidt,believethatitissafertotalktoMr.Battellethannottodoso.

TheresultisahighlyreadableaccountofGoogle'sastonishingrise—thesteepestincorporatehistory—fromitsoriginsinStanfordUniversitytoitscontroversialstockmarketdebutanditscurrentstruggletobecomeagrownupcompanywhilestayingtruetoitsyouthfullybrashmotto,"Don'tbeevil"Mr.BattellemakesthereaderwarmtoGoogle'srulingtriumvirate—theirclevernessandtheirgoodintentions—andfearfortheirfutureastheytakeontheworld.

Googleisoneofthemostinterestingcompaniesaroundatthemoment.IthasadecentshotatdisplacingMicrosoftasthenextgreatnear-monopolyoftheinformationage.Itsambition—toorganisealltheworld'sinformation,notjusttheinformationontheworldwideweb—isepic,anditscommercialpowerisfrightening.Beyondthis,GoogleisinterestingforthesamereasonthatsecretivedictatorshipsandHolly3voodcelebritiesareinteresting—forbeingopaque,colourfuland,simply,itself.

ThebookdisappointsonlywhenMr.Battellebeginstryingtoexplainthewiderrelevanceofinternetsearchanditspossiblefuturedevelopment.Thereisalottosayonthissubject,butMr.Battelleishurriedandoverlychatty,producinglaundrylistsofgeekyconceptswithoutreallyhavingthoughtanyofthemthroughproperly.Thisisnotafatalflaw.Readonlythemiddlechapters,andyouhaveagreatbook.

Thephrase"warmto"inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

A.becomeevaporatedthrough

B.befedupwith

C.beheatedto

D.becomemoreinterestedin

2、

Googleiseye-catchingduetoits______.

A.distinctiveness

B.infiniteness

C.selfishness

D.aggressiveness

3、

TheworkbyJohnBattellewouldbeperfectedifappropriateconsiderationisgivento______.

A.therelationshipbetweeninternetresearchanditspotentialfuturedevelopment

B.secretivedictatorshipsandHollywoodcelebritiesundercontrol

C.thedisappointmentsinGoogleanditsrivalsinrespectstogeekyconcepts

D.companies'interestsinGoogleatthemomentwhentheworld'seconomyisbooming

4、

Accordingtothetext,theauthor'sattitudetowardMr.Battelle'sworkis______.

A.strongdisapproval

B.totaldenial

C.qualifiedconsent

D.enthusiasticsupport

5、

Thetextseemstobe______.

A.ascientificpaper

B.abookreview

C.agraduationdissertation

D.anacademiccriticism

6、"I'matotalgeekallaround,"saysAngelaB.Yron,a27-year-oldcomputerprlogrammerwhohasjustgraduatedfromNovaScotiaCommunityCollege.Andyet,likemanyotherstudents,she"neverhadtheconfidence"toapproachanyofthevariousopen-sourcesoftwarecommunitiesontheinternet—distributedteamsofvolunteerswhocollaboratetobuildsoftwarethatisthenmadefreelyavailable.ButthankstoGoogle,theworld'smostpopularsearchengineandoneofthebiggestproponentsofopen-sourcesoftware,MsByronspentthesummercontributingcodetoDrupal,anopen-sourceprojectthatautomatesthemanagementofwebsites."It'sawesome,"shesays.

MsByronisoneof419students(outof8,744whoapplied)whowereacceptedforGoogle's"summerofcode".Whileitsoundslikeahyper-nerdysummercamp,thestudentsneitherwenttoGoogle'scampusinMountainView,California,nortowherevertheirmentorsatthe41participatingopen-sourceprojectshappenedtobelocated.Instead,Googleactedasamatchmakerandsponsor.Eachoftheparticipatingopen-sourceprojectsreceived$500foreverystudentittookon;andeachstudentreceived$4,500($500rightaway,and$4,000oncompletionoftheirwork).Oh,andaT-shirt.

AllofthisistheideaofChrisDiBona,Google'sopen-sourceboss,whowasbrainstormingwithLarryPageandSergeyBrin,Google'sfounders,lastyear.Theyrealisedthatalotofprogrammingtalentgoestowasteeverysummerbecausestudentstakesummerjobsflippingburgerstomakemoney,andlettheircodingskillsdegrade."Wewanttomakeitbetterforstudentsinthesummer,"saysMr.DiBona,addingthatitalsohelpstheopensourcecommunityandthus,indirectly,Google,whichuseslotsofopensourcesoftwarebehindthescenes.Plus,saysMr.DiBona,"itdoesbecomeanopportunityforrecruiting."

ElliotCohen,astudentatBerkeley,spenthissummerwritinga"Bayesiannetworktoolbox"forPython,anopen-sourceprogramminglanguage."I'maprettybigfanofGoogle,"hesays.HehasaninterviewscheduledwithMicrosoft,but"GoogleistheonlybigcompanythatIwouldworkat,"hesays.Andifthatdoesn'tworkout,henowknowspeopleintheopen-sourcecommunity,"andit'salotlessintimidating."

Ms.Byron'scommentonherownsummerexperimentis______.

A.negative

B.biased

C.puzzling

D.enthusiastic

7、

ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattheparticipantsofGoogle's"summerofcode"have______.

A.beenselected

B.beeneducated

C.beenblamed

D.beenenlightened

8、

Theworkoftheparticipatingopen-sourceprojectsconductedbystudents,accordingtothetext,is______.

A.incoherent

B.rewarded

C.incessant

D.gratuitous

9、

TheideaofChrisDiBona,accordingtothetext,isenrichedby______.

A.Tshirtsales

B.open-source

C.programmers'talent

D.others'wisdom

10、

ElliotCohenismentionedinthetextsoasto______.

A.illustratetheindirecteffectof"summerofcode"onGoogle'srecruitment

B.indicatetheacademiclevelofBerkeley,USA

C.clarifyElliotCohen'ssummerexperienceinwritingnetworktoolbox

D.layemphasisonthefactthatuniversitystudentsarebigfansofGoogle

11、Soonafterhisappointmentassecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationsin1997,KofiAnnanlamentedthathewasbeingaccusedoffailingtoreform.theworldbodyinsixweeks."Butwhatareyoucomplainingabout?"askedtheRussianambassador:"You'vehadmoretimethanGod."Ah,Mr.Annanquippedback,"butGodhadonebigadvantage.HeworkedalonewithoutaGeneralAssembly,aSecurityCounciland[all]thecommittees."

RecountingthatanecdotetojournalistsinNewYorkthisweek,Mr.AnnansoughttoexplainwhyadraftdeclarationonUNreform.andtacklingworldpoverty,duetobeendorsedbysome150headsofstateandgovernmentataworldsummitinthecityonSeptember14th16th,hadturnedintosuchapaleshadowoftheproposalsthathehimselfhadputforwardinMarch."With191memberstates",hesighed,"it'snoteasytogetanagreement."

MostcountriesputtheblameontheUnitedStates,intheform.ofitsabrasivenewambassador,JohnBolton,forinsistingattheendofAugustonhundredsoflastminuteamendmentsandaline-by-linerenegotiationofatextmostothershadthoughtwasalmostsettled.Butagroupofmiddle-incomedevelopingnations,includingPakistan,Cuba,Iran,Egypt,SyriaandVenezuela,alsocameupwithplentyoflast-minutechangesoftheirown.Theriskofhavingnodocumentatall,andthusnothingfortheworld'sleaderstocometoNewYorkfor,wasavertedonlybymarathonall-nightandall-weekendtalks.

The35finaldocumentisnotwhollydevoidofsubstance.ItcallsforthecreationofaPeacebuildingCommissiontosupervisethereconstructionofcountriesafterwars;thereplacementofthediscreditedUNCommissiononHumanRightsbyasupposedlytougherHumanRightsCouncil;therecognitionofanew"responsibilitytoprotect"peoplesfromgenocideandotheratrocitieswhennationalauthoritiesfailtotakeaction,including,ifnecessary,byforce;andan"early"reform.oftheSecurityCouncil.Althoughmuchpareddown,alltheseproposalshaveatleastsurvived.

Othershavenot.Eithertheyprovedsocontentiousthattheywereomittedaltogether,suchasthesectionsondisarmamentandnon-proliferationandtheInternationalCriminalCourt,ortheywerewatereddowntolittlemorethanemptyplatitudes.Theimportantsectiononcollectivesecurityandtheuseofforcenolongerevenmentionsthevexedissueofpre-emptivestrikes;meanwhilethesectiononterrorismcondemnsit"inallitsformsandmanifestations,committedbywhomever,whereverandforwhateverpurposes",butfailstoprovidethecleardefinitiontheAmericanswanted.

BothMr.Annanand,moresurprisingly,GeorgeBushhaveneverthelesssoughttoputagoodfaceonthings,withMr.Annandescribingthesummitdocumentas"animportantstepforward"andMr.BushsayingtheUNhadtaken"thefirststeps"towardsreform.Mr.AnnanandMr.Boltonaredeterminedtogoalotfurther.ItisnowuptotheGeneralAssemblytofleshoutthedocument'sskeletonproposalsandproposenewones.Butitschancesofsuccessappearslim.

Whohaverecentlylistenedtothestoryinthefirstparagraphofthetext?

A.Ambassadors.

B.UNofficials.

C.Theworld'sleaders.

D.Reporters.

12、

Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat______.

A.ittookmuchtimetohaveaUNdocument

B.itwasapieceofcaketoreachanagreementwithapproximately200memberstates

C.fewnationswereresentedatAmericandiplomaticactivities

D.onlydevelopingcountriescameupwithlast-minutechanges

13、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheUNfinaldocumentis______.

A.biased

B.indifferent

C.skeptical

D.impartial

14、

Accordingtothetext,emptyplatitudesmightbefoundinthesectionon______.

A.PeacebuildingCommission

B.UNCommissiononHumanRights

C.terrorism

D.theSecurityCouncil

15、

Accordingtothelastparagraph,theGeneralAssembly______.

A.isdeletingthedocument'sskeletonproposals

B.isdeterminedtogofurthertowarddisarmament

C.isattemptingtoputforwardnewproposals

D.isunlikelytoworkoutrelevantdetailsandadvancenovelproposals

16、Theterm"disruptivetechnology"ispopular,butiswidelymisused.Itrefersnotsimplytoaclevernewtechnology,huttoonethatunderminesanexistingtechnology—andwhichthereforemakeslifeverydifficultforthemanybusinesseswhichdependontheexistingwayofdoingthings.Twentyyearsago,thepersonalcomputerwasaclassicexample.Itsweptasideanoldermainframe-basedstyle.ofcomputing,andeventuallybroughtIBM,oneoftheworld'smightiestfirmsatthetime,toitsknees.Thisweekhasbeenacoming-outpartyofsortsforanotherdisruptivetechnology,"voiceoverinternetprotocol"(VOIP),whichpromisestobeevenmoredisruptive,andofevengreaterbenefittoconsumers,thanpersonalcomputers.

VOIP'sleadingproponentisSkype,asmallfirmwhosesoftwareallowspeopletomakefreecallstootherSkypeusersovertheinternet,andverycheapcallstotraditionaltelephones—allofwhichspellstroubleforincumbenttelecomsoperators.OnSeptember12th,eBay,theleadingonlineauctionhouse,announcedthatitwasbuyingSkypefor$2.6billion,plusanadditional$1.5billionifSkypehitscertainperformancetargetsincomingyears.

Thisseemsavastsumtopayforacompanythathasonly$60minrevenuesandhasyettoturnaprofit.YeteBaywasnottheonlycompanyinterestedinbuyingSkype.Microsoft,Yahoo!,NewsCorporationandGooglewereallsaidtohavealsoconsideredtheidea.PerhapseBay,ratherlikesomeover-excitedbidderinoneofitsownauctions,haspaidtoomuch.ThecompanysaysitplanstouseSkype'stechnologytomakeiteasierforbuyersandsellerstocommunicate,andtooffernew"clicktocall"advertisements,butmanyanalystsarescepticalthateBayisthebestownerofSkype.Whateverthemeritsofthedeal,however,thefussoverSkypeinrecentweekshashighlightedthesignificanceofVOIP,andtheenormousthreatitposestoincumbenttelecomsoperators.

FortheriseofSkypeandotherVOIPservicesmeansnothinglessthanthedeathofthetraditionaltelephonebusiness,establishedoveracenturyago.Skypeismerelythemostvisiblemanifestationofadramaticshiftinthetelecomsindustry,asvoiceGallingbecomesjustanotherdataservicedeliveredviahigh-speedinternetconnections.Skype,whichhasover54musers,hasreceivedthemostattention,butotherfirmsroutingcallspartiallyorentirelyovertheinternethavealsosignedupmillionsofcustomers.

Atthebeginningofthetext,theauthor______.

A.statesthepopularityoftheterm

B.indicatesaclevernewtechnology

C.underminesanexistingtechnology

D.correctsamisconception

17、

Thephrase"brought...toitsknees"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablydenotes______.

A.forced..tosubmittoit

B.imposed..onit

C.convinced..thatit..

D.associated..withit

18、

Itcapbeinferredfromthetextthat______.

A.evengreaterbenefittomanybusinessispromised

B.quiteafewcorporationsshowedinterestsintheacquisitionofSkype

C.eBayhaspaidavastsumofmoneyforasmallfirm

D.yourphonewillringwhereveryouareintheworld

19、

Accordingtothetext,manyanalysts'attitudetowardthepossessionofSkypebyeBayis______.

A.supportive

B.persuasive

C.approval

D.negative

20、

Accordingtothelastparagraph,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthetextmostprobablyagree?

A.Almost-freeinternetphonecallsheraldtheslowdeathoftraditionaltelephony.

B.Anotherdataservicewasdeliveredentirelyovertheinternet.

C.Thetraditionaltelephonebusinesshaveyettoturnaprofit.

D.Thedramaticshiftinthete[ecomsindustryhasreceivedlittleattention.

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Demographicdeclineworriespeoplebecauseitisbelievedtogohandinhandwitheconomicdecline.Attheextremesitmaywellbetheresultofeconomicfactors:pessimismmaydepressthebirthrateandpushupratesofsuicideandalcoholism.But,inthemain,demographicdeclineistheconsequenceofthelowfertilitythatgenerallygoeswithgrowingprosperity.InJapan,forinstance,birthratesfellbelowthereplacementrateof2.1childrenperwomaninthemid-1970sandhavebeenparticularlylowinthepast15years.

B.Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,theglobalpopulationexplosionwasthebigdemographicannoyance.RobertMcNamara,presidentoftheWorldBankinthe1970s,comparedthethreatofunmanageablepopulationpressureswiththedangerofnuclearwar.Nowthatworryhasevaporated,andthiscenturyisfrighteningitselfwiththeoppositefear:theonsetofdemographicdecline.

C.GovernmentshatetheideaofashrinkingpopulationbecausetheabsolutesizeofGDPmattersforgreat-powerstatus.Thebiggertheeconomy,thebiggerthemilitary,thegreaterthegeopoliticalclout:annualGDPestimateswerefirstintroducedinAmericainthe1940saspartofitswareffort.Companiesworry,too:theydonotliketheideaoftheirdomesticmarketsshrinking.Peopleshouldnotmind,though.WhatmattersforeconomicwelfareisGDPperperson.

D.Peoplelovetoworry—maybeit'sasymptomofageingpopulations—butthegloomsurroundingpopulationdeclinesmissesthemainpoint.Thenewdemographicsthatarecausingpopulationstoageandtoshrinkaresomethingtocelebrate.Humanitywasoncecaughtinthetrapofhighfertilityandhighmortality.Nowithasescapedintothefreedomoflowfertilityandlowmortality.Women'scontroloverthenumberofchildrentheyhaveisanunqualifiedgood—asistheaverageperson'senjoyment,inrichcountries,oftenmoreyearsoflifethantheyhadin1960.Politiciansmayfearthedeclineoftheirnations'economicpower,butpeopleshouldcelebratethenewdemographicsasheraldingagoldenage.

E.TheshrinkageofRussiaandeasternEuropeisfamiliar,thoughnotperhapsthescaleofit:Russia'spopulationisexpectedtofallby22%between2022and2050,Ukraine'sbyastaggering43%.Nowthephenomenoniscreepingintotherichworld:Japanhasstartedtoshrinkandothers,suchasItalyandGermany,willsoonfollow.EvenChina'spopulationwillbedecliningbytheearly2030s,accordingtotheUN,whichprojectsthatby2050populationswillbelowerthantheyaretodayin50countries.

F.Butifdemographicdeclineisnotgenerallyaconsequenceofeconomicdecline,surelyitmustbeacause?Inacrudesense,yes.Aspopulationsshrink,GDPgrowthwillslow.Someeconomiesmayevenstarttoshrink,too.Theresultwillbealossofeconomicinfluence.

G.ThecrucialquestionisthereforewhattheeffectofdemographicdeclineisonthegrowthofGDPperperson.Thebadnewsisthatthislookslikelytoslowbecauseworking-agepopulationsWilldeclinemorerapidlythanoverallpopulations.Yetthisneednothappen.ProductivitygrowthmaykeepupgrowthinGDPperperson:aslabourbecomesscarcer,andpressuretointroducenewtechnologiestoboostworkers'efficiencyincreases,sotheproductivityoflabourmayrisefaster.Anyway,retirementagescanbeliftedtoincreasethesupplyoflabourevenwhenthepopulationisdeclining.

Order:BisthefirstparagraphandDisthelastone.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

(46)TheAmericansociologistTalcottParsonsbelievedthatthetwomostimportantfunctionsofthemodernfamilyaretheprimarysocializationofchildrenandthestabilizationofadultpersonalitiesthroughmarriageandtheraisingofchildren.Hisownconcernwasparticularlywiththemiddle-classAmericanfamily,buttheseimportantaspectsoffamilylifearealsoapplicablemuchmorewidely.Inthepresentcontextitisworthwhiletolookespeciallyatprimarysocialization.

(47)Primarysocializationreferstothetrainingofchildrenduringtheirearliestyears,whereassecondarysocializationreferstolaterinfluencesonthedevelopmentofthechild'spersonalityandlearningactivities,suchashisinvolvementwithteachersandwithotherchildrenatschool.Primarysocializationisinmostsocietiescarriedoutessentiallywithinthefamilyaspartofchildrearing.Inthemodernfamily,parentstakeresponsibilityforraisingandteachingtheirchildrensuchbasicthingsaslanguageandcorrectbehavior.Toilettraining,teachingchildrenhowtoeatcorrectly,andencouragingchildrentogetalongwi