2023年考研外語考前沖刺試卷6

考研外語考前沖刺試卷6

一、UseofEnglish

1、Fearsof"madcow"diseasespread(1)_____theglobelastweek(2)_____SouthAfrica,NewZealandandSingaporejoiningmostofBritain'sEuropeanUnionpartnersin(3)_____importsofBritishbeef.InLondon,steakrestaurantswereemptyfollowingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhadfounda(4)_____linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeefanditshuman(5)_____,Creutzfeldt-Jakobdisease(CJD).

Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved(6)_____.France,Germany,Italy,FinlandandGreecewereamongcountrieswhichannouncedbans(7)_____Britishbeefshipments.

AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexperts,meetinginBrussels,(8)_____newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthediseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot(9)_____ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain'sownmainconsumergroupadvisedpeopleto(10)_____beefiftheywantedtobeabsolutelysureofnot(11)_____CJDwhichdestroysthebrainandisalways(12)_____.

"CoulditbeworsethanAIDS?"

ThestarkheadlineinFriday'sDailymailnewspaperencapsulatedthefearanduncertainty(13)_____Britain.CJD(14)_____humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad—byeatingawaynervecellsinthebrain(15)_____itlookslikeaspongySwisscheese.

Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow(16)_____ofdementiaandmemorylossandusuallydie(17)_____sixmonths.

Littleisknown(18)_____sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknowncollectivelyasspongiform.encephalopathies,whichexplains(19)_____someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto(20)_____ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions.

A.in

B.on

C.over

D.around

2、(2)

A.from

B.with

C.upon

D.to

3、(3)

A.accepting

B.banning

C.cancelling

D.allowing

4、(4)

A.likely

B.liking

C.alike

D.like

5、(5)

A.same

B.equivalent

C.counterpart

D.likeness

6、(6)

A.fruit

B.fruitful

C.failure

D.fruitless

7、(7)

A.on

B.in

C.over

D.for

8、(8)

A.haverecommended

B.hasrecommended

C.recommended

D.recommending

9、(9)

A.callon

B.callfor

C.callin

D.callforth

10、(10)

A.stoptoeat

B.stopeating

C.stoptobeeating

D.stopnottoeat

11、(11)

A.tocontract

B.beingcontracted

C.contracting

D.contract

12、(12)

A.fatal

B.deadly

C.lethal

D.mortal

13、(13)

A.whichisgripping

B.togrip

C.gripped

D.gripping

14、(14)

A.affected

B.affects

C.effect

D.affecting

15、(15)

A.after

B.before

C.until

D.when

16、(16)

A.marks

B.trace

C.symbols

D.signs

17、(17)

A.after

B.until

C.in

D.within

18、(18)

A.in

B.of

C.for

D.to

19、(19)

A.how

B.why

C.what

D.when

20、(20)

A.ruleoff

B.ruleout

C.ruleover

D.ruleof

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Sharkshavegainedanunfairreputationforbeingfiercepredatorsoflargeseaanimals.Humanity'sunfoundedfearandhatredoftheseancientcreaturesisleadingtoaworldwideslaughterthatmayresultintheextinctionofmanylarger,coastalsharkspecies.Thesharkisthevictimofawarpedattitudeofwildlifeprotection:westriveonlytoprotectthebeautiful,nonthreateningpartsofourenvironment.And,inoureffortstorestoreonlynonthreateningpartsofourearth,weignoreotherimportantparts.

Aperfectillustrationofthisattitudeisthecontrastingattitudetowardsanotherlargeseaanimal,thedolphin.Duringthe1980s,environmentalistsintheU.S.A.protestedtheuseofdriftnetsfortunafishinginthePacificOceansincethesenetsalsocaughtdolphins.Theenvironmentalistsgeneratedenoughpoliticalandeconomicpressuretopreventtunacompaniesfrombuyingtunathathadbeencaughtindriftnets.Incontrasttothiseffort,thepopulationsofsharksinthePacificOceanhavedecreasedtothepointofextinctionandtherehasbeenverylittleeffortbythesameenvironmentaliststosavethisimportantspecies,ofmarinewildlife.Sharksareamongtheoldestcreaturesonearth,havingsurvivedintheseasformorethan350millionyears.Theyareextremelyefficientanimals,feedingonwoundedordyinganimals,thusperforminganimportantroleinnatureofweedingouttheweakeranimalsinaspecies.JustthefactthatspeciessuchastheGreatWhiteSharkhavemanagedtoliveintheoceansforsomanymillionsofyearsisenoughproofoftheirefficiencyandadaptabilitytochangingenvironments.Itistimeforhumans,whomaynotsurviveanother1000yearsattheratetheyaredamagingtheplanet,toeastawaytheirfearsandbeginconsideringtheprotectionofsharksascreaturesthatmayprovideusinsightintoourownsurvival.

Themainfocusofthispassageis______.

A.whysharkshavesuchabadreputation

B.howsharksbecomesomeoftheoldestcreaturesonearth

C.howsharksillustrateaprobleminwildlifeprotection

D.whythecampaigntosavedolphinswasnotextendedtosavesharks

2、

Abouthowlonghavesharkslivedontheplanet?

A.25millionyears.

B.150millionyears.

C.350millionyears.

D.500millionyears.

3、

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthispassage?

A.Specifictogeneral.

B.Causeandeffect.

C.Statementandexample.

D.Chronologicalorder.

4、

Howdidenvironmentalistsmanagetoprotectdolphins?

A.Theypreventedfishermenfromsellingthemformeat.

B.Theypressuredfishermenintoprotectingdolphinsbylaw.

C.Theybroughtpoliticalpressureagainsttunacompanies.

D.Theycreatedsanctuarieswheredolphinfishingwasnotallowed.

5、

Whatistheauthor'sattitudeinthispassage?

A.Explanatory.

B.Persuasive.

C.Humorous.

D.Narrative.

6、InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociation.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonourofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.

ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonouredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsisuncertain,buteventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonouredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonourthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcountriespaytheirownathletes'expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythesun'srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.

InancientGreece,theOlympicGames______.

A.weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

B.wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour

C.hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinsdisadvantageousposition

D.wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants

7、

IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames______.

A.onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateintheGames

B.allGreeks,irrespectiveinofsex,religionorsocialstatus,wereallowedtotakepart

C.allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompeteintheGames

D.allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames

8、

TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics______.

A．hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished

B．variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors

C．wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonourtheGameswereheld

D．wasconsideredunimportant

9、

Modernathletes'resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunnersbecause______.

A．theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults

B．theyaremuchbetter

C．detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast

D．theyaremuchworse

10、

Nowadays,theathletes'expensesarepaidfor______.

A．outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners

B．outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations

C．bytheathletesthemselves

D．bycontributions

11、LetusaskwhatwerethepreparationandtrainingAbrahamLincolnhadfororatory,whetherpoliticalorforensic.

Borninrudeandabjectpoverty,heneverhadanyeducation,exceptwhathegavehimself,tillhewasapproachingmanhood.Notevenbookswherewithtoinform.andtrainhismindwerewithinhisreach.Noschool,nouniversity,nolegalfacultyhadanypartintraininghispowers.Whenhebecamealawyerandapolitician,theyearsmostfavourabletocontinuousstudyhadalreadypassed,andtheopportunitieshefoundforreadingwereveryscanty.Heknewbutfewauthorsingeneralliterature,thoughheknewthosefewthoroughly.Hetaughthimselfalittlemathematics,buthecouldreadnolanguagesavehisown,andcanhavehadonlythefaintestacquaintancewithEuropeanhistoryorwithanybranchofphilosophy.

Thewantofregulareducationwasnotmadeupforbythepersonsamongwhomhislotwascast.Tillhewasagrownman,henevermovedinanysocietyfromwhichhecouldlearnthosethingswithwhichthemindofanoratortobestored.Evenafterhehadgainedsomelegalpractice,therewasformanyyearsnooneforhimtomixwithexceptthepettypractitionersofapettytown,mennearlyallofwhomknewlittlemorethanhedidhimself.

Schoolsgavehimnothing,andsocietygavehimnothing.Buthehadapowerfulintellectandaresolutewill.Isolationfosterednotonlyself-reliancebutthehabitofreflection,andindeed,ofprolongedandintensereflection.Hemadeallthatheknewapartofhimself.Hisconvictionswerehisown—clearandcoherent.Hewasnotpositiveoropinionatedandhedidnotdenythatatcertainmomentsheponderedandhesitatedlongbeforehedecidedonhiscourse.Butthoughhecouldkeepapolicyinsuspense,waitingforeventstoguidehim,hedidnotwaver.Hepausedandreconsidered,butitwasneverhiswaytogobackonadecisiononcemoreortowastetimeinvainregretsthatallhehadexpectedhadnotbeenattained.Hetookadvicereadilyandleftmanythingstohisministers;buthedidnotleanonhisadvisers.Withoutvanityorostentation,hewasalwaysindependent,self-contained,preparedtotakefullresponsibilityforhisacts.

ItissaidinthesecondparagraphthatAbrahamLincoln______.

A.wasilliterate

B.wasnevereducated

C.waseducatedverylate

D.behavedrudelywhenhewasyoung

12、

WearealsotoldthatAbrahamLincoln______

A.nevercaredmuchforreading

B.didmuchreadingwhenhewasyoung

C.neverhadmuchchancetoread

D.becameanenthusiasticreaderwhenhewasgrownup

13、

ItissaidinthethirdparagraphthatAbrahamLincoln______

A.wasanti-social

B.learnedlittlefromhisfriends

C.hadfewfriends

D.knewveryfewdoctors

14、

ThehabitofreflectionhelpedLincoln______

A.todevelopindependence

B.tobecomemoreopinionated

C.toattainclearconvictions

D.tobecomeahesitantperson

15、

Wemaysay,takingthepassageasawhole,thatLincolnwas______.

A.afailurebecauseofhisignorance

B.amanwhotriumphedoverhisdisadvantages

C.anexceptionallysuccessfulandwell-educatedperson

D.anilliterateman,butwithsomenaturaltalents

16、Theideathat,ifyourhouseisbuiltintherightposition,thismayaffectyoursuccessinlifeseemsstrangetomanypeople.However,tobelieversinFeng-Shui,ortheartofgeomancy,notonlythepositionbutalsothechoiceofdecorationsandeventhecolorofyourhomecanmeanthedifferencebetweengoodfortuneanddisaster.ThisarthasbeenpracticedforcenturiesinChinaandisstillusedalloverSouthEastAsia.EventhehugeHongKongbankscallinageomantiftheyareplanningtobuildnewoffices.Theyhavesuchfaithinhisknowledgethatifheadvisesthemtomove,theywillaltertheirplansforeventheirbiggestbuildings.

LikemanyOrientalbeliefsthegeomant'sskilldependsontheideaofharmonyinnature.IfthereisnoimbalancebetweentheopposingforcesofYinandYang,thebuildingwillbringlucktoitsinhabitants.Thismeansthatthehousemustbebuiltontherightspotaswellasfacingtherightdirection,andalsobepaintedanauspiciouscolor.Forinstance,iftherearemountainstothenorth,thiswillprotestthemfromevilinfluences.Ifthehouseispaintedred,thiswillbringhappinesstotheoccupantswhilegreensymbolizesyouthandwillbringlonglife.Otherfactors,suchastheowner'stimeanddateofbirth,aretakenintoaccount,too.Thegeomantbelievesthatunlessalltheseareconsideredwhenchoosingasiteforconstruction,thefortuneofthepeopleusingitwillbeatrisk.

Indeed,toignorethegeomant'sadvicecanhavefatalresults.ThedeathoftheinternationallyfamousKung-Fustar,BruceLee,hasbeenusedasanexample.ItissaidthatwhenLeefoundoutthatthehousehewaslivinginwasanunluckyone,hefollowedageomant'sadviceandinstalledaneight-sidedmirroroutsidehisfrontdoortobringhimluck.Unfortunately,astormdamagedthemirrorandthehousewasleftunprotectedfromharmfulinfluences.SoonafterwardsLeediedinmysteriouscircumstances.

NotonlyisFeng-ShuistillusedinSouthEastAsia,butithasalsospreadrightacrosstheworld.EveninmodernNewYorkasuccessfulcommercialartistcalledMiltonGlaserhasfoundituseful.Hewassodesperateafterhisofficewasbrokenintosixtimesthatheconsultedageomant.Hewastoldtoinstallafishtankwithsixblackfishandfixaredclocktotheceiling.Sincethenhehasnotbeenburglarizedonce.Itmayseemanincrediblestory,butnoothersuitableexplanationhasbeenoffered.

FromthepassagewecaninferthatFeng-ShuiisNOTusedin______.

A.HongKong

B.theUnitedStates

C.Japan

D.Thailand

17、

Geomantsbelievethat______.

A.housesmustonlybepaintedred

B.housesmustfacemountains

C.natureandlifeshouldbeinharmony

D.greenisanunluckycolor

18、

GeomantsthinkthatthereasonforBruceLee'sdeathisthat______.

A.hedidn'tfollowthegeomants'advice

B.heinstalledaneight-sidedmirror

C.hemisunderstoodthegeomant'sadvice

D.astormdamagedtheprotectionforhishouse

19、

ThestoryofMiltonGlasershowsthat______.

A.colorsarenotimportantingeomancy

B.geomancyisusedbyartists

C.geomancyisusedintheWest

D.thefightagainstcrimeisbeingwon

20、

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesgeomancy?

A.Itisastyle.ofOrientaldecoration.

B.Itisatypeofpainting.

C.ItisanancientChinesebeliefcalledFeng-Shui.

D.Itisanarchitecturaldesign.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

(41)______.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation—conversionofliquidwatertowatervaporinthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind.

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.(42)______.

Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.(43)______.

Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.(44)______.

IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctic,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.(45)______.

A.Thewaterintheoceansonlyleavesbyevaporating(andthefreezingofpolarice),butthesaltremainsdissolvedintheocean—itdoesnotevaporate.

B.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.

C.Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.

D.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.

E.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeper,portionsoftheoceansoftheworld.

F.Thesalinity(saltcontent)ofoceanwatervaries.Onecubicfootofaverageseawatercontains2.2poundsofsalt.

G.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Doanimalshaverights?Thisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Itsoundslikeauseful,ground-clearingwaytostart.(46)Actually,itisn'tbecauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.

Ononeviewofrights,tobesure,itnecessarilyfollowsthatanimalshavenone.(47)Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,aspartofanex