考研英語一真題及答案解析

考研英語一真題及答案解析2017考研英語一真題及答案解析SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding“yes!”_1_helpingyoufeelcloseand_2_topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa_3_ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou_4_gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy_5_over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs_6_theparticipants’susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing_7_tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome_8_withacold,andtheresearchers_9_thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_10_about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect._11_amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere_12_.“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe_13_riskforcoldsthat’susually_14_withstress,”notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps_15_thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp_16_difficulty.”Someexperts_17_thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone”_18_itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit_19_inthebrain,whereit_20_mood,behaviorandphysiology.1．[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Despite[D]Throughout【答案】B【解析】答案為B。根據(jù)本句句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系，“itturnsoutthathugs…”說明擁抱還有其他結(jié)果。因此，前文的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該為“除此以外”。2．[A]connected[B]restricted[C]equal[D]inferior【答案】A【解析】答案為A。本題實為邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)“helpingyoufeelcloseand______(2)”，我們可以判斷，由于空格處與前面內(nèi)容通過and連接，說明我們要選擇一個單詞與feelclose同義，并且要與后面介詞to連用。因此，通過對于四個選項含義判斷，選項A有“關(guān)聯(lián)的”含義最為符合。3．[A]choice[B]view[C]lesson[D]host【答案】D【解析】答案為D。此題為固定搭配?！癮hostof”表示大量的。其他選項搭配不合理。4．[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep【答案】C【解析】答案為C。根據(jù)題干信息“awarmembracemightevenhelpyou______(4)gettingsickthiswinter.”中，出現(xiàn)“even”，表示“甚至”，說明此句話與上一句話存在遞進的邏輯關(guān)系。上一句話的語義表示“擁抱可以帶來大量的好處”，因此，這句話也應(yīng)該表示擁抱的好處。選項C“避免生病”最符合文意。5．[A]collecting[B]involving[C]guiding[D]affecting【答案】B【解析】答案為B。本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，需要選擇一個現(xiàn)在分詞修飾前面的“study”。根據(jù)句子含義，應(yīng)該表達“關(guān)于涉及400人”的研究。6．[A]of[B]in[C]at[D]on【答案】D【解析】答案為D。本題為固定搭配。根據(jù)句義“examinedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs______(6)theparticipants'…”考查固定搭配“examinedtheeffects…onsth”。7．[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted【答案】B【解析】答案為B。根據(jù)句義“commoncoldafterbeing______(7)tothevirus.”，可知選項B：暴露在細(xì)菌中，符合文意。8．[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out【答案】C【解析】答案為C。本題為固定搭配。結(jié)合語境，選項C：得感冒，搭配最為合理。9．[A]calculated[B]denied[C]doubted[D]imagined【答案】A【解析】答案為A。本題為動詞與賓語從句搭配問題。根據(jù)原文“theresearchers______(9)thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging______(10)about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.”動作的主語是“研究人員”，連接后面的賓語從句“擁抱減小壓力的作用”，并且有數(shù)據(jù)支撐。賓語從句部分應(yīng)為研究人員計算推測出的結(jié)果。10．[A]served[B]required[C]restored[D]explained【答案】D【解析】答案為D。本題為動詞含義考查。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，“thestress-reducingeffectsofhugging______(10)about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.”本題同樣考查研究人員做出的研究結(jié)果，選項D“解釋”符合語境要求。11．[A]Even[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Thus【答案】A【解析】答案為A。本題為邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)文章上下文邏輯，下文是對上文做進一步說明，因此選擇遞進關(guān)系比較符合邏輯關(guān)系。正確答案為選項A。12．[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]tests[D]errors【答案】B【解析】答案為B。形容詞與名詞搭配問題。根據(jù)語境“theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere______(12)”所選詞要與severe構(gòu)成合理搭配，再結(jié)合前文語境是關(guān)于對于擁抱實驗的結(jié)果。因此，正確選項為B。13．[A]minimized[B]highlighted[C]controlled[D]increased【答案】D【解析】答案為D。本題為形容詞修飾。根據(jù)原文“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe______(13)riskforcoldsthat'susually______(14)withstress”，需要選擇一個形容詞來修飾risk。選項D：增加的風(fēng)險，更符合原文語境。14．[A]equipped[B]associated[C]presented[D]compared【答案】B【解析】答案為B。此題為固定搭配題。A和B選項不可以和with連接。B.associated可以和with連接，意為“與……有關(guān)聯(lián)”。D.compared和with連接表示“和……相比”不符合文章要求。15．[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record【答案】C【解析】答案為C。此題考查動賓搭配。根據(jù)原文“Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelp______(15)thefeeling…”，需要選擇一個動詞能夠和后文的“thefeeling”搭配。16．[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthewayof[D]inthenameof【答案】A【解析】答案為A。此題為短語搭配題。A.inthefaceof，意思為：面對。結(jié)合文章語境，“面對困難”搭配最為合理。17．[A]transfer[B]commit[C]attribute[D]return【答案】C【解析】答案為C。此題為固定搭配題。即：attributesthtosth。18．[A]because[B]unless[C]though[D]until【答案】A【解析】答案為A。此題為邏輯關(guān)系題。原文語境：“oftencalled"thebondinghormone"______(18)itpromotesattachmentinrelationships”從本句來看，前后文屬于因果邏輯關(guān)系。19．[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases【答案】C【解析】答案為C。本題為動詞辨析。語境信息“Butsomeofit______(19)inthebrain”，選項C表示它仍然在大腦里存在，最符合文章要求。20．[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences【答案】D【解析】答案為D。本題為動詞辨析。根據(jù)原文語境，“whereit______(20)mood,behaviorandphysiology.”能夠搭配后面并列的三個賓語“情緒、行為、和生理”，只有D“影響”?！驹囶}點評】完型填空為了測試考生實際應(yīng)用英語的能力和語感。具體說來，是從語篇的角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對英語習(xí)慣用語的熟悉程度、以及語法規(guī)則的靈活運用。這部分大家一定要注重思路和尋找線索能力的訓(xùn)練，一般做題的基本思路是，根據(jù)已知信息去填空，根據(jù)空前后的線索來選擇填什么。比方說，題目讓考生填主句的內(nèi)容，那么從句中就會有相應(yīng)的說明。題目讓考生填動詞，原文常常在別的地方出現(xiàn)這個動詞的同義詞。那么如何判斷呢？首先根據(jù)需要填寫動詞后面出現(xiàn)的賓語，找到有同一賓語的句子，該句中的動詞就是所需填寫詞的同義詞。具體相關(guān)知識點和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)強化階段英語強化班的完型填空部分有重點講解。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans’economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons---bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicago’sO’HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck’sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto______.[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide[B]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.Airports[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection【答案】B【解析】答案為B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞EgyptAirFlight804定位到第二段。該關(guān)鍵詞所在句為本段第二句，第一句為段落中心句，意為“美國人樂意忍受費時的安全程序作為加強安全的回報”，選項B中securitychecks是原文securityprocedures的同義替換，故選項B正確。22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.【答案】C【解析】答案為C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞longwaitsatmajorairports定位到第二段。關(guān)鍵詞所在句Enhancedsecuritymeasures,combinedwithariseintheairlinetravelhaveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairports中的haveresultedin是題干contributesto的同義詞，根據(jù)此句可知，排長隊的原因有兩個：增強的安全措施和航空旅行的增加，選項C中anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers（旅客人數(shù)的增加）是對航空旅行的增加的同義替換，航空旅行增加意味著旅客人數(shù)的增加，故選項C正確。23.Theword“expedited”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto____.[A]quieter[B]faster[C]wider[D]cheaper【答案】B【解析】答案為B。詞義題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞expedited和選項內(nèi)容定位到第五段。本段是在講過安檢時的PreCheck這一程序，該關(guān)鍵詞所在句的后一句提到“這節(jié)約了每個人的時間”，顯然通過預(yù)先安檢的乘客進入安檢通道的時間減少了，即速度“更快了”，四個選項中選項B符合文意，故正確。24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis_______.[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment【答案】D【解析】答案為D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是“預(yù)先安檢項目的一個問題是什么”，第六段中出現(xiàn)了PreCheck'sfatalflaw，其中flaw是題干中problem的同義替換，故將答案定位至該詞組所在句，該句意為“這個價格一直是預(yù)先安檢的致命缺陷”，所以“預(yù)先安檢項目的一個問題”是價格問題，故選項D正確。25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]GettingStuckinSecurityLines[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution[C]LessScreeningforMoreSafety[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes【答案】B【解析】答案為B。主旨題。題干問本文最好的題目是哪一個？文章第一段指出乘飛機的現(xiàn)象：隨著機場大規(guī)模安全航線的增加，乘客提前到達機場的時間變得越來越長。第二段指出美國人樂意忍受費時的安全程序作為加強安全的回報。第三段提出由于加強了安全措施，機場登機的效率變得很低。第四段分析造成第三段的現(xiàn)象的原因：政府沒有預(yù)料飛機旅行的陡增。第五段給出對策：使更多的人加入到預(yù)安檢項目。第六段分析具體介紹加入這一項目的流程并指出其缺陷：價格不合理。第七段指出預(yù)安檢項目實施前景不客觀，指出等到這個項目起作用很長時間已經(jīng)過去了，即具有“來遲的”的特點?？v觀全文，文章圍繞PreCheck展開，指出了其缺陷，并給與了作者的評價：等到這個項目起作用很長時間已經(jīng)過去了。縱觀四個選項，選項BPreCheck--aBelatedSolution（預(yù)安檢——一個遲來的解決方案）符合文章主旨。Text2“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii’slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity’sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT’splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld’smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea’sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland’sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii’sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates______.[A]itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.【答案】B【解析】答案為B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞QueenLiliuokalani定位在第一段第一句話“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers”，意為“古老的夏威夷人都是天文學(xué)家”。這句話暗示的內(nèi)容就是選項B：天文學(xué)在古老的夏威夷社會的重要性。27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto______.[A]itsgeographicalfeatures[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.[C]itsreligiousimplications.[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.【答案】A【解析】答案為A。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞MaunaKea定位到第二段。該段指出MaunaKea是連接夏威夷島和天堂的地方，是世界上最強大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡所在地，其峰頂條件允許望遠(yuǎn)鏡獲得非凡的清晰度。所以答案是選項A：它的地理特征。28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause______.[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.【答案】B【解析】答案為B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞opposed定位到第三段。選項B中的remindsthemof與原文areminderof是同義詞，選項B中的humiliating與原文painful是同義詞，選項B中的history是對原文theoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation的高度概括與總結(jié)。29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sastronomy______.[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians’hostility.【答案】C【解析】答案為C。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞astronomy可以定位到第五段的第三句話。第三句話指出“天文學(xué)和夏威夷文化都設(shè)法回答關(guān)于我們是誰，我們來自哪里以及我們將去何方這樣的大問題”。所以答案是選項C：可能揭示夏威夷文化的起源。30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof______.[A]severecriticism.[B]passiveacceptance.[C]slighthesitancy.[D]fullapproval.【答案】D【解析】答案為D。態(tài)度題。通讀全文可以得知作者的態(tài)度是支持的。Text3RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes–allthingsthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidthefo