2023年考研外語押題預測卷5

考研外語押題預測卷5

一、UseofEnglish

1、Mostofuswouldliketobeboth(1)_____andcreative.WhywasThomasEdisonabletoinventsomanythings?Washesimplymoreintelligentthanmostpeople?Didhespendlonghourstoilingawayinprivate?Surprisingly,whenEdisonwasayoungboy,histeachertoldhimhewastoo(2)_____tolearnanything.Otherfamouspeoplewhosecreativegeniuswent(3)_____whentheywereyoungincludeWaltDisney,whowasfiredfromanewspaperjobbecausehedidnothaveanygoodideasandEnricoCaruso,whosemusicteachertoldhimthathis(4)_____wasterrible.

Disney,EdisonandCarusowereintelligentandcreativemen;(5)_____,expertsoncreativitybelievethatintelligenceisnotthesameascreativity.Creativityistheabilitytothinkaboutsomethinginnewandunusualways,andto(6)_____outuniquesolutionstoproblems.Whencreativepeopleareaskedwhatenablesthemtosolveproblemsinnewways,theysaythattheabilitytofindaffinitiesbetween(7)_____unrelatedelementsplaysakeyrole.Theyalsosaythattheyhavethetimeandindependenceina(an)(8)_____settingto(9)_____awiderangeofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem.

Howstronglyiscreativity(10)_____tointelligence?(11)_____mostcreativepeoplearequiteintelligent,the(12)_____isnotnecessarilytrue.Manyhighlyintelligentpeople(13)_____measuredbyIQtests)arenotverycreative.

Someexpertsremainskepticalthatwewilleverfullyunderstandthecreativeprocess.Othersbelievethatapsychologyofcreativityiswithinreach.Mostexpertsagree,(14)_____,thattheconceptofcreativityas(15)_____bubblingupfromamagical(16)_____isamyth.Momentary(17)_____ofinsight,(18)_____byimages,makeupa(19)_____partofthecreative'process.Attheheartofthecreativeprocessareabilityandexperiencethat(20)_____anindividual'seffort,oftenoverthecourseofalifetime.

A.imaginative

B.brilliant

C.inventive

D.original

2、(2)

A.clumsy

B.awkward

C.dumb

D.untutored

3、(3)

A.despised

B.hidden

C.distorted

D.unnoticed

4、(4)

A.accent

B.tone

C.sound

D.voice

5、(5)

A.although

B.nevertheless

C.so

D.whenever

6、(6)

A.root

B.set

C.come

D.solve

7、(7)

A.seemingly

B.actually

C.logically

D.barely

8、(8)

A.enjoyable

B.appropriate

C.special

D.pleased

9、(9)

A.create

B.construct

C.compose

D.entertain

10、(10)

A.related

B.interacted

C.based

D.associated

11、(11)

A.Thereat

B.Thereof

C.Whereas

D.Whereby

12、(12)

A.inverse

B.reverse

C.transverse

D.diverse

13、(13)

A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that

14、(14)

A.however

B.therefore

C.furthermore

D.ultimately

15、(15)

A.spontaneously

B.intermittently

C.coincidentally

D.simultaneously

16、(16)

A.fountain

B.well

C.waterfall

D.hotspring

17、(17)

A.flashes

B.flares

C.glares

D.glints

18、(18)

A.accompanied

B.showed

C.inspired

D.formed

19、(19)

A.small

B.important

C.significant

D.temporary

20、(20)

A.change

B.adjust

C.alter

D.shape

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Moreandmorepeoplearestartingtoworkfromhome,re-assessingtheir"work-lifebalance"andcapitalisingonwhatindustrycalls"remoteworking".ArecentsurveyofBritishcompaniesshowedthateightoutoftenbusinesseshavenowagreednewworkingarrangementsfortheirpersonnel.Theobjectoftheexercisewastoimprovethework-lifebalanceofemployeesandencouragegreaterlevelsofefficiency.During2022/2022,some900,000requeststoworkflexiblyweremadeunderanewGov-eminentschemeand800,000oftheapplicationsweregranted.Furthermore,sevenoutoftenbusinessessaidthattheyalsowouldbepreparedtoconsiderflexibleworkingrequestsfromotherstaffwhodidnotqualifyundertheGovernmentscheme.

OneofthenewtechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmakesremoteworkingpossibleistheAsymmetricalDigitalSubscriberLine(ADSL),broadbandthatcancarrybothvoiceanddataathigh-speed.Remoteworkerscanconnecttotheircompany'sVirtualPrivateNetworkeitherthroughDigitalSubscriberLine(DSL)internet,whichispermanentlyconnected,orthroughaRemoteAccessService(RAS),whichinvolveshavingtodialineachtime."PeoplestartedthinkingaboutremoteworkingbackintheEightiesbutthetechnologywasnotavailabletoconsideritapossibility,"saysMeyrickVevers,CommercialDirectorofTelewestBroadband,oneofUK'scommunicationandmediagroups."However,nowwiththeincreasedavailabilityanduseofDSLtohomeusers,remoteworkingisdefinitelyontheincrease.Ofcourse,securityisveryimportantandITdirectorsareunderstandablycautious.Buttheyarenowbeginningtofeelmorecomfortableaboutallowingtheirstaffahigherlevelofaccessfromhome.

TelewestBusiness'sexperienceinputtingtogetherproductsolutionsisbasedonthecompany'sfocusonunderstandingtheircustomers'needs.Becausecustomers'needsarediverseandTelewestBusiness'spossiblesolutionsarewide-ranging,thecompanyinvitesbusinessesseekingfurtherinformationtovisittheirwebsiteorcalldirect.Callcentreworkers,mobilestaff,suchassalesexecutivesandlocalauthoritysocialworkersorparentsathome,areamongthoseforwhomremoteworkingappearstobeincreasinglyattractive.

"PeopleinindustryintheUKhavesomeofthelongestworkinghoursintheworld,"saysVevers."Doingthosehourssolelyintheofficeismoredisruptivetothepersonallifeoftheindividualthanhavingtheflexibilitytoworkfromhome.'"Remoteworkingisallaboutpersonalchoiceandgivingpeoplemoreflexibilitythatsuitstheirpersonallives.AtTelewestBusiness,weaimtotryandhelpplayapartinenablingcompaniestogivetheiremployeesthatflexibility."

Thephrase"capitalisingon"(Para.1)canbesubstitutedby

A.investingmoneyin.

B.specializingin.

C.insistingupon.

D.makinguseof.

2、

Accordingtothepassage,remoteworking

A.ridspeopleoftheworkwhichisrequiredofthemintheoffice.

B.requirestheuserstodialintothecompany'sVirtualPrivateNetwork.

C.mightbeavailableforthosenotincludedinthegovernmentscheme.

D.wasbroughttopeople'smindsbyadvancementofbroadwidthtech.

3、

ITdirectorsfeelcomfortablebecause

A.safeguardsarenolongerreallynecessary.

B.theremoteworkforceisexpandingrapidly.

C.theyaremoreconfidentoftheirnetwork'ssafety.

D.theirstaffgeteasieraccesstotheinternet.

4、

TheexampleofTelewestismentionedtoshowthat

A.theBusinesseliminatestheunbalanceofpeople'slife.

B.it'shardtopleasepeople'svariousdesires.

C.theBusinessissophisticatedinluringcustomers.

D.thediversedemandsforremoteworkingarebeingmet.

5、

Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe

A.RemoteWorkingIsIn.

B.TelecommunicationTechIsEverImproving.

C.Work-LifeBalanceNeedstoBeKept.

D.TechnologyMakesRemoteWorkingaReality.

6、Scientistshavelongwarnedthatsomelevelofglobalwarmingisadonedeal—dueinlargeparttoheat-trappinggreenhousegaseshumansalreadyhavepumpedskyward.Now,however,researchersarefleshingouthowmuchfuturewarmingandsea-levelrisetheworldhastriggered.Theimplicitmessage:"Wecan'tstopthis,sohowdowelivewithit?"saysThomasWigley,aclimateresearcheratNCAR.

Onegroup,ledbyGeraldMeehlatNCAR,usedtwostate-of-the-artclimatemodelstoexplorewhatcouldhappeniftheworldhadheldatmosphericconcentrationsofgreenhousegasessteadysince2000.Theresults:Eveniftheworldhadslammedonthebrakesfiveyearsago,globalaveragetemperatureswouldrisebyabout1degreeFahrenheitbytheendofthe21stcentury.Sealevelswouldrisebyanother4inchesover20th-centuryincreases.Risingsea-levelswouldcontinuewellbeyond2100,evenwithoutaddingwaterfrommeltingglaciersandicesheets.Therisehighlightstheoceans'enormouscapacitytoabsorbheatanditsslowreactiontochangesinatmosphericconditions.

Theteamraneachmodelseveraltimeswitharangeof"whatif"concentrations,aswellasobservedconcentrations,forcomparison.Temperatureseventuallylevelout,Dr.Meehlsaysinreviewinghisteam'sresults."Butsea-levelincreaseskeepongoing.Therelentlessnatureofsea-levelriseisprettydaunting."Dr.Wigleytookaslightlydifferentapproachwithasimplermodel.Heransimulationsthatcappedconcentrations,at2000levels.Ifconcentrationsareheldconstant,warmingcouldexceed1.8degreesF.by2400.Thetworesearchersaddthatfarfromholdingsteady,concentrationsofgreenhousegasescontinuetorise.Thus,atbest,theresultspointtotheleastchangepeoplecanexpect,theysay.

Theideathatsomelevelofglobalclimatechangefromhumanactivitiesisinevitableisnotnew.Butthewordhasbeenslowtomakeitswayintothebroaderdebate."Manypeopledon'trealizewearecommittedrightnowtoasignificantamountofglobalwarmingandsea-levelrise.Thelongerwewait,themoreclimatechangewearecommittedtointhefuture,"Meehlsays.

Whiletheconceptofclimate-changecommitmentisn'tnew,thesefreshresults"telluswhat'spossibleandwhat'srealistic"andthatfortheimmediatefuture,"preventionisnotonthetable,"saysRogerPielkeJr.,directoroftheCenterforScienceandTechnologyPolicyResearch.ToPielkeandothers,thismeansadaptationshouldbegivenamuchhigherprioritythatit'sreceivedtodate."There'saculturalbiasinfavorofprevention,"hesays.Butanysoundpolicyincludespreparationaswell,headds."Wehavethescientificandtechnologicalknowledgeweneedtoimproveadaptationandapplythatknowledgeglobally."

AccordingtotheresearchofNCAR,iftheconcentrationswereheldsteadyat2000levels,

A.theocean'scapacitytoabsorbheatwoulddecline.

B.thesea-levelwouldkeeponincreasing.

C.theglobalaveragetemperaturewoulddecrease.

D.significantclimatechangewouldnottakeplace.

7、

Globalwarmingissomething

A.gettingworsebecauseofaculturebias.

B.causedbytheriseofthesealevel.

C.peoplehavetolivewith.

D.wedon'tneedtoworryaboutinthefuture.

8、

By"atbest,theresultspointtotheleastchangepeoplecanexpect",(Paragraph3)theresearcherstrytotellusthat

A.theimpactofclimatechangeisrelativelyminor.

B.theglobalwarmingisinevitableinthenearfuture.

C.concentrationsofgreenhousegasescannotbeheldsteady.

D.theatmosphericconditionswillbebetterthanpeoplethink.

9、

TheviewsofPielkeandDr.Wigleyonhowtofaceglobalwarmingare

A.unrelated.

B.similar.

C.complementary.

D.opposite.

10、

Theauthorwritesthispassageto

A.callonpeopletopreventglobalwarming.

B.presenttheresultsfromtworesearchmodels.

C.appealtopeopletotakeadaptationaspriority.

D.forecastthefuturetrendsofglobalwarming.

11、TomBurkerecentlytriedtoprintoutaboardingpassfromhomebeforeoneofthefrequent/lightshetakes.Hecouldn't.Hisname,oronesimilartoit,isnowononeoftheTransportationSecurityAdministration'sterroristwatchlists.

Everyday,thousandsofpeoplelikeBurkefindthemselvesunable{odothingslikeprintaboardingpassandarepulledasideforextensivescreeningbecausetheirname,oranamethatsoundsliketheirs,isononeofthewatchlists.FromtheTSA'sperspective,thescreeningisjustoneofthemanynewlayersofincreasedsecuritythataredesignedtopreventterroristactivity.Theinconvenienceisregrettable,butapricethatsocietyhastopayforsecurity.Andfornationalsecurityreasons,theFBIandothergovernmentagenciesresponsibleforsupplyingnamestothelistswillnotdisclosethecriteriatheyuse.Theysaythatwouldamounttotippingtheirhandstotheterrorists.

Butcivillibertariansaremoreconcernedaboutthelong-termconsequenceofthecurrentlists.OnSept.11,2022,theno-flylistcontained16names.Now,thecombinedlistsareestimatedtohaveasmanyas20,000.InternalFBImemosfromagentsreferredtotheprocessas"reallyconfused"and"notcomprehensiveandnotcentralized."Burkeandotherscontendthatsuchcommentsaxedisturbing,becauseitwasduringthefirstyearaftertheattacksthatthewatchlistsgrewexponentially.

"TheunderlyingdangerisnotthatTom.Burkecannolongergetaboardingpasstogetonanairline,"saysalawyer."It'sthattheTomBurkesintheworldmayforevermorebeassociated(withtheterroristwatchlist)."Burkesaystheydoknowthatthelistsaxefrequentlyupdatedanddistributedinternationally,buttheydon'tknowhowtheoldlistsaredestroyed.Theyalsohopetoensurethatsometimeinthefutureapersonwhosenameisonthelist,butisnotaterrorist,doesnotrunintofurthertroubleif,say,lawenforcementinanothercountrythatthey'revisitingcomesacrosstheirnameononeoftheoldlists.

Inaddition,airlinesareconcernedthatthelistsarenotupdatedfrequentlyenough."We'vebeenencouragingtheTSAtoworkwithalloftheotherfederallaw-enforcementagenciestogetaregularreviewofthenamesthattheysubmittoTSA,becausetherehavebeenreportsthattheseagencieshavesaidthatiftherewasareview,manyofthenamescouldberemoved,"saysDianaCroninoftheAirTransportAssociation.

Thenumberofnamesontheno-flylistincreasesrapidlyfrom16to20,000mostprobablybecause

A.terroristattacksarelaunchedfrequently.

B.manypeople'snamesaresimilartoknownterrorists.

C.thescreeningsystemisnoteffectiveenough.

D.terroristsarenotaccuratelyidentifiedafter9.11.

12、

IntheeyesoftheTSA,thecurrentsystemis

A.inconvenientandpointless.

B.reasonablebutimperfect.

C.effectiveandpraiseworthy.

D.necessarybutimpractical.

13、

TheattitudesofFBIandBurketowardsthereliabilityoftheno-flylistare

A.similar.

B.opposite.

C.confusing.

D.ambiguous.

14、

Accordingtoparagraph4,Burke'sgreatconcernaboutthecurrentsystemisthat

A.thesystemfailstoupdateinternationally.

B.heisoftenmistakenforaterrorist.

C.thedamagedonebythelistcannotbequicklycorrected.

D.gettinghisboardingpasswilloftentakemoretime.

15、

TheairlinesmaybesatisfiediftheTSAcan

A.distributetheno-flylistsbeforeaflight.

B.revisetheterroristwatchlistsmoreoften.

C.preventterroristsfromboardingairplanes.

D.abolishthecurrentterroristscreeningsystem.

16、People,likemostanimals,arenaturallylazy.Sotheascentofmankindissomethingofamystery.Humanswhomaketheirlivingshuntingandgatheringinthetraditionalwaydonothavetoputmucheffortintoit.Farmerswhorelyonraintowatertheircropsworksignificantlyharder,andleadunhealthierlives.Buttherealback-breakingisthatcarriedoutbyfarmerswhouseirrigation.Yetitwastheinventionofirrigation,atfirstsightsoharmfultoitspractitionersthatactuallyproducedasufficientsurplustofeedthepriests,scholars,artistsandsoonwhoseactivitiesarecollectivelythoughtofas"civilization".

Inthepast10,000years,theworld'sclimatehasbecometemporarilycolderanddrieronseveraloccasions.Thefirstofthese,knownastheYoungerDryas,afteratundra-lovingplantthatthrivedduringit,occurredatthesametimeasthebeginningofagricultureinnorthernMesopotamia.Itiswidelybelievedthatthiswasnotacoincidence.ThedryingandcoolingoftheYoungerDryasadverselyaffectedthefoodsupplyofhunter-gatherers.Thatwouldhavecreatedanincentiveforagriculturetospreadoncesomebrightsparkinventedit.

Whyfarmersthenmovedontoirrigationis,however,farfromclear.ButHarveyWeiss,ofYaleUniversity,thinksheknows.Dr.Weissobservesthatthedevelopmentofirrigationcoincideswithasecondcool,dryperiod,some8,200yearsago.Hisanalysisofrainfallpatternsintheareasuggeststhatrainfallinagriculture'supper-Mesopotamianheartlandwould,atthistime,havefallenbelowthelevelneededtosustainfarmingreliably.Farmerswouldthushavebeenforcedoutoftheareainsearchofotheropportunities.

Onceagain,aninnovativesparkwasrequired.Butitclearlyoccurredtosomeofthesedisplacedfarmersthattheslow-movingwatersofthelowerTigrisandEuphrates,nearsealevel,couldbedivertedusingcanalsandusedtowatercrops.Andtherest,astheclichéhasit,ishistory.

Soclimatechangehelpedtointensifyagriculture,andthusstartcivilization.Butanequallyintriguingideaisthatthespreadofagriculturecausedclimatechange.Inthiscase,thepresumedcriminalisforestclearance.MostofthelandcultivatedbyearlyfarmersintheMiddleEastwouldhavebeenforested.Whenthetreesthatgrewtherewerecleared,thecarbontheycontainedendedupintheatmosphereascarbondioxide.Moreover,oneform.offarming—thecultivationofriceinwaterloggedfields—generatesmethane,inlargequantities.WilliamRuddiman,oftheUniversityofVirginia,explainedthat,incombination,thesetwophenomenahadwarmedtheatmospherepriortothestartoftheindustrialera.Asenvironmentalistsarewonttoobserve,mankindispartofnature.Thesestudiesshowjusthowintimatetherelationshipis.

Theinventionofirrigationismeaningfulbecauseitcouldhelpto

A.alleviatefarmers'workload.

B.increaseagriculturalproduction.

C.makeplantingmucheasier.

D.getridofhumanlaziness.

17、

AccordingtoDr.Weiss,thesecondcoolanddryperiodeventually

A.changedthegrowingseason.

B.spurredtheuseofcanals.

C.forcedthefarmerstodesertagriculture.

D.ledtodecliningpopulations.

18、

Fromthefirstfourparagraphs,wecaninferthatthedawnofcivilization

A.wasaccompaniedbyhardshipsofhumanexistence.

B.isamysteryasyetunknowntomankind.

C.canbeattributedtotheinnovativesparksofancestors.

D.wasrecordedbyhistorybooksendingatthattime.

19、

Whichoffollowingtendstowarmtheclimate?

A.Todeveloptheirrigationsystem.

B.Topromoteorganicagriculture.

C.Toreverttohuntingandgathering.

D.Toturnfarmlandbackintoforest.

20、

Thepassageismainlyabout

A.therelationshipbetweenclimatechangeandcivilization.

B.thehistoryofglobalclimatechange.

C.theinteractionbetweennatureandhumansociety.

D.theimpactofthespreadofagriculture:

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

ThegovernmentpanelthatsetsU.S.vaccinepolicyalreadyhasbegundiscussing"universalimmunization'*asawaytoboostvaccinationratesandreduceflu-linkedsicknessanddeath,Dr.ScottHarperofthefederalCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaidatavaccinemeetingthisweek.

(41)______.

Harperacknowledgedthattherecentcrisismomentarilyupstageduniversalimmunizationdiscussions,butsaiditremainsaviableproposal.

(42)______.

Thevaccinemeeting,heldeveryyear,seekstosetanagendafortheupcomingfluseason.Participants—manywithafinancialstakeingettingmorepeoplevaccinated—saidtheuniversalvaccinationpushislikelytocomewithinthenextfiveyears.

(43)______.

Also,fluvaccineisalteredeveryyearbecausetherearealwaysdifferentflustrainscirculating.Theunusedvaccineisdiscardedatseason'send,makingflushotsfinanciallyunappealingformanufacturers.

(44)______.

SanofiPasteur'sPhilipHosbachsaidthecompanyhastwoidleU.S.factories"becausethere'snotthereturnontheinvestment."Universalvaccinationcouldinthelongtermhelpstabilizesupplyifitincreaseddemand,hesaid.

(45)______.

Demandhashistoricallybeenaproblem,too.Millionsoftheat-riskpatientsroutinelyskipannualshots.Somepeopleworrythevaccineisn'tsafeortheysimplydon'tlikeshots,butmanyalsounderestimatetheseriousnessofflu,saidDr.AnnO'Malley,aresearcherattheCenterforStudyingHealthSystemChange.

A."Partofourjobistojustkeepthisissueontheradarscreen,"Harpertoldvaccineproviders,distributorsandmanufacturersatthenationalfluvaccinesummithere.

B.Sofaronlyonecompany,SanofiPasteur,islicensedtomakeU.S.fluvaccinefortheupcomingseason,thoughpublichealthofficialshopetwoothers,includingChiron,willsoongainapproval.

C.Estimatessuggestthatinanaverageyear,fluinfectsabout82millionpeoplenationwide,hospitalizes200,000andkills36,000.

D.Dr.HerbYoungoftheAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicianssaidrecommendingshotsforeveryonecouldeasetheconfusionandthathisgroupismovingtowardsupportingtheidea.

E.Thehurdles,someobserverssay,aredaunting.Unstablesupplyisoneofthebiggest.Thisyearthebestcasescenario—havingabout90millionshotsavailable—isn'tevenenoughforthe180millionhigh-riskpeopleadvisedtogetshots,letalonethetotalpopulationof280million.

F.Theendofachaoticseasonwheremanypeopleseekingflushotswereturnedawaybecauseofashortagemightseemanoddtimetobroachtheideaofvaccinatingevenmorepeople.

G.ButIraLongini,anEmeryUniversitybiostatisticianwhospecializesinvaccineanalysis,saiduniversalvaccinationwouldbeunworkableunlesssupplyproblemscanberesolved.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Rome,June13—Alawthatimposesstrictrulesonassistedfertilitywillremainonthebooks,afterthefailureonMondayofahard-foughtreferendumthatrubbedintooneofItaly'ssorestspots:therelationshipbetweenchurchandstate.

(46)ThefightleadinguptotwodaysofvotingonSundayandMondaymobilizedthenation'spoliticalandreligiousestablishmentslikefewothers,astheleadershipoftheRomanCatholicChurch—includingthenewpope,BenedictXVI—urgedItalianstoboycottthereferendum.

Intheend,theoutcomewasnotevenclose.Only26percentofasmanyas50million